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The computer system has the following three basic components:

Input Unit:

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols, numbers, etc. The function of the input device is to direct commands and data into the computer. For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

Central Processing Unit:

After receiving data and commands from the user, a computer system has to process the instructions provided using Central Processing Unit (CPU). 

It has three elements:

(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations like add, subtract, multiply, etc.

(b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer’s memory, arithmetic, and logic unit, and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.

(c) Memory Unit: A memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. Once the data has been entered using input devices, the system stores the data in the memory unit.

Types of Memory:

Primary Memory & Secondary Memory.

• Primary Memory: It has 18 internal memory of the computer also known as main memory. It is of two types RAM and ROM.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM stands for Random Access Memory also known as reading/write memory. Information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off; it is also called “Volatile Memory”.
• ROM(Read Only Memory): ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is a permanent type of memory. The contents are not lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer. It is also called “Non Volatile Memory”.
• Secondary Memory: It is the external memory of the computer which is used to store a large amount of data. The secondary storage devices are a Hard disk, Pen drive, CD, DVD, etc.

Output Unit:

An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Most computer data output that is ‘meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers.

• Linux is open sources system whereas the window operating system is commercial.
• Linux has access to source code and alters the code as per user need whereas a window does not have access to source code.
• Linux distribution doesn’t collect user data” whereas Windows collects all the user details which leads to privacy concerns.
• As the software is open to the public, it constantly updates, improves, and expands as more people can work on its improvement.

Random Access Memory

(a) All India Radio

Television it is such a means of communication by which moving pictures and sound both reaches to us. Through it we could see live events of whole world. On 26 January 1926 John Logi Bair presented successful programme on television in Britain. In our country first television service was began on 15 September, 1959 in Delhi.
Mainly televisions are of two types:

1. Black and white
2. Colored.

Programmes are telecast from the centre by converting picture and sound into Radio magnetic waves. These waves are spread around by television antenna. These waves again converts into picture and sound in our television.
Elements of Television:
Tuner circuit, amplifier, detector circuit, power supply, picture tube, and loudspeaker are the elements of television. Picture tube in general language is called screen. On screen approx two lacs points of sensitive substances are located. There are three electron tubes in colored television camera. Such mirrors are located in these tubes that they divide light coming in cameras in three parts. T.V. can be controlled manually as well as by remote. Remote control is a small rectangular box, having buttons, when these buttons pressed, they produce invisible waves which are received by the television.

In present era very/ultra modern televisions are in used like:
Flat T.V., L.C.D. T.V. (Liquid Crystal Display T.V.) L.E.D. T.V. (Light Emitting Diode T.V.) curved T.V. etc. In advanced techniques of telecast cable T.V. and D.T.H. (Direct to home) service is in great trend. In D.T.H. T.V. telecast through high technique multi channel T.V. Programmes with the help of a small dish antenna without cable operator, by the means of satellite can be seen direct on T.V. in homes. 50 to 75 cm dish antenna is used.

All India Radio was renamed as Akashwani in 1957.

The full form of STD is Subscriber Trunk Dialing.

GSM, CDMA, D-AMP3S and PDCS are types of Mobile phones

A modem technique of transmission of information in which many channels can be transmitted simultaneously through a single cable or wire is called broadband.

Internet is an international way of massage which is formed by connecting telephone lines with computers located at different places of the world. By this informations reach from one place to another in a moment. Internet word is formed by combining two English words International and Network means global system (world wide net). It is a wireless system.

Major Services based on Internet:
It has converted whole world into a whole sale market where you can purchase from very small to big things. Open any website of E-Commerce give your order and receive your most wanted thing. Credit card is the most suitable means for online purchasing, sending information to consumers through advertisement for purchasing and selling. E-commerce plays an important role in conducting business activities by utilising-Computer network, internet, worldwide web to EDI (Electronic data interchanges), E-mail, E-ft (Electronic file transfer) etc.

Telemedicine:
It is mainly a system of providing medical facility, in which Doctor treats those patients living in remote areas with the help of Tele-Communication and Information technology. In this system patient and doctor can see each other and can talk to each other. Beside pictures of ECG, X-Ray, CT Scan, MRI etc can be examine by opening computer video file.

Broadband:
Modern technique of information telecast in which many channels can be telecast together just through one cable or wire. It is called broadband.

The branch of technology in which information is sent or received through telecommunication medium by using computer is called information technology.

Mainly there are three types of phone used in day to day life. 

Those are 

1. Photo phone 

2. Cordless phone 

3. Cellular phone

(a) mouth piece

1. Fax
2. Tele medicine
3. Sound
4. D.T.H

These phones can be connected to geo satellite, which are revolving in geo stationary orbit.

The word fax is originated from English word fascimile. The fascimile word is a latin word in which ‘fas’ means ‘to make’ and ‘cimile’ means similar to.

Modem communication medium is Internet.

Facebook, twitter, blogger, tumbler etc

100 years back the mode of commu¬nication was bugle or Dhol. To send secret messages the pigeons, horse riders were used by many Maharajas. In middle Europe the messages were sent by torch telegraph about past hundred years.

(b) In Mumbai

Radio wave frequency is divided 3  parts.

(d) All the above

Telemedicine is basically a health service providing system. In this system doctor examine and give treatment to a patient far away using tele-communication and information technology. In this system doctor can see and talk to each other and also the pictures of ECG, X Rays, CAT SCAN etc. can be examined by opening the computer video file.

1. In the field of advertisement, exchange of graphics between agencies and consumers.

2. Share market and Scientific services, 

3. Administrative engineering data.

4. Transmission of different types of documents in energy industry

Cyber security is also called “Security of information technology”. It stops unauthorized access into various computers, important networks and confidential programme and data.

(c) Social media

It is one of the services based on internet. E-mitra service is Rajasthan government’s ambitions. It is vailable in all 33 districts of Rajasthan. These services are available online in rural areas by common service centre (CSC) Kiosk and in Urban area by Emitra Kiosk. People with this service can pay electric, water and telephone bills also they can get bonafide certificate, ration card, learner driving license etc.

1. (T) 

2. (T) 

3. (F) 

4. (F) . 

5. (T) 

6. (T) 

7. (T) 

8. (T) 

9. (T) 

10. (F)

(b) In 1927 A.D

It is broad casting service direct to home. In DTH system a small dish antenna is used, no cable operator is required. Dish of antenna directly received signals from satellite. DTH transmission uses high technique to get multichannel programmes. The size of dish antenna is 50 to 70 cm in diameter.

(d) Lucknow and Kanpur