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Right option is (a) Visual flight RULES

For explanation I would SAY: VFR refers to Visual flight rules. These are a set of rules that a pilot operates under so as to fly the AIRCRAFT in GENERALLY CLEAR weather conditions.

Correct ANSWER is (c) True

To elaborate: By CORRECTING the indicated airspeed for NONSTANDARD temperature and pressure, we obtain true airspeed. True airspeed may ALSO be referred to as TAS.

Correct choice is (d) Variometer

The best explanation: The VSI is ALSO referred to as Variometer. The variometer is a device that detects variations in air pressure and then ACCORDINGLY displays the appropriate INFORMATION on the PFD as a RATE of climb/descent.

Correct ANSWER is (c) 400Hz

Explanation: Aircraft EQUIPMENT’s operate at 400Hz. They operate at high frequency in ORDER to reduce the CORE size of equipment’s used.

Correct option is (b) INDICATED airspeed

For EXPLANATION: IAS refers to Indicated airspeed. It is the airspeed that is READ directly from the airspeed indicator on an aircraft. The indicator is located on the INSTRUMENT PANEL.

The correct option is (c) Longitudinal AXIS

Best EXPLANATION: The TURN indicator indicates rotation about the longitudinal axis. The turn indicator includes Turn-and-Slip Indicator and the Turn Coordinator. Additional marks on the instrument indicate a STANDARD rate turn.

Correct choice is (a) Horizontal situation INDICATOR

The EXPLANATION: A horizontal situation indicator can replace a heading indicator, which is also referred to as HSI. The instrument provides the same heading INFORMATION but also assists with NAVIGATION.

Right option is (b) True

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: True, Instrument flight RULES are one of TWO sets of regulations that govern all ASPECTS of civil aviation aircraft operations. The other set of rules is Visual flight rules.

Correct choice is (B) Knots

The explanation is: TAS SHOWS AIRSPEED in knots. The airspeed is usually in the range from 200 knots and higher, and is the actual air speed of an AIRCRAFT, in accordance with external conditions.

Right choice is (b) NORTH

For explanation I would SAY: The compass instrument shows the AIRCRAFT’s HEADING relative to its magnetic north. The ACCUMULATED errors in the instrument include the actual difference present between magnetic direction and true direction.

The correct option is (d) Flight Director ATTITUDE INDICATORS

For EXPLANATION I would say: FDAI refers to Flight Director Attitude Indicators. The attitude indicators used on manned SPACECRAFT and are called Flight Director Attitude Indicators. The FDAI can be PROGRAMED to use known positions relative to Earth.

The CORRECT OPTION is (b) True

For EXPLANATION: False, the altimeter is a part of the “big FIVE” flight instruments. The other FOUR instruments in the “big five” are Airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, artificial horizon, and heading indicator.

The correct answer is (b) TRUE

The explanation: True, the ATTITUDE indicator is a PRIMARY instrument for FLIGHT, in particular for flights operating in instrument METEOROLOGICAL conditions.

Correct OPTION is (b) Adjustment knob

Explanation: The precision knob is used to account for the pilot’s LINE of vision, w.r.t an attitude indicator. It moves the AIRCRAFT up and down to ALIGN it against the horizon BAR.

Correct CHOICE is (B) Blue

The best I can explain: The top half of the attitude INDICATOR is blue, representing the sky, while the bottom half is brown, representing the GROUND.

Correct OPTION is (c) Bank

The best I can explain: The bank index placed at the top of the attitude indicator displays the aircraft angle of bank. The degree of pitch, EITHER up or down, is INDICATED by the reference lines which are placed in the middle of the INSTRUMENT.

The correct option is (a) Artificial horizon

The explanation: The ATTITUDE indicator is also KNOWN as artificial horizon. It may also be called as GYRO horizon, DUE to the use of gyroscope within the instrument.

Correct option is (a) So that it APPEARS to be FLYING RELATIVE to the HORIZON

To elaborate: The attitude indicator includes a symbolic miniature aircraft mounted on it, so that it appears to be flying relative to the horizon. This is an essential COMPONENT of the attitude indicator.

Correct choice is (a) True

For EXPLANATION: True, Russian-BUILT aircraft have a different design attitude INDICATOR design. In a Russian built aircraft, a symbol representing the aircraft rolls left or RIGHT to indicate bank angle, however this is fixed in a Western instrument.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Magnetic tape

Easy explanation: The CVRs using ANALOG wire based recording were REPLACED by analog magnetic tape recorders. In such comparatively modern CVRs, the tape used to automatically reverse at each end and a few units ALSO made USE of two reels.

The CORRECT choice is (a) Gyroscope

For explanation I would say: The HEART of the ATTITUDE Indicator is a gyroscope. The gyroscope SPINS at high speed, from EITHER an electric motor or through the action of a stream of air.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) False

The best I can EXPLAIN: False, The Attitude and Heading Reference Systems are ABLE to provide three-axis information. The information is provided BASED on ring laser gyroscopes.

Right OPTION is (d) 6,000 meters

The explanation: The underwater locator BEACON are able to operate to a DEPTH of up to 6,000 meters, which is APPROXIMATELY 20,000 feet. These beacons are able to operate for up to 30 days.

Correct choice is (B) Minimum 2 hours

Explanation: The FAA requirement for the recording DURATION of a CVR, is minimum of 2 hours, as of 2008. The recording is done for a set of 4 channels.

The correct answer is (a) 6.5 MILLISECONDS

The EXPLANATION is: A FLIGHT data recorder must be able to withstand an ACCELERATION of 3400g for 6.5 milliseconds. This requirement is based on the EUROCAE documents.

The correct ANSWER is (a) FALSE

To explain I would SAY: False, the CVR is typically mounted in the rear of the airplane to maximize the chances of its SURVIVAL in a crash. This is in similarity to the mounting of FDR.

The correct ANSWER is (b) EUROCAE ED-112

For explanation: EUROCAE ED-112 defines the minimum specification to be MET for all aircraft REQUIRING flight recorders. It may be referred to as Minimum OPERATIONAL Performance Specification for Crash PROTECTED Airborne Recorder Systems.

The CORRECT answer is (b) True

Explanation: True, the UNDERWATER locator beacon is AUTOMATICALLY ACTIVATED in the event of an accident. This is to help in the recovery of the instrument so as to PROBE the details of the accident.

The CORRECT option is (b) Cockpit voice RECORDER

To explain I WOULD say: CVR refers to cockpit voice recorder. It is an INSTRUMENT that preserves the recent history of sounds in the cockpit, including any conversation between the pilots.

Correct choice is (b) Black BOX

The best I can explain: Flight data RECORDER; commercial aircraft cockpit data recorders are also commonly known as a “black box”, they STORE flight information and audio from the cockpit. They’re often RECOVERED from a plane crash to determine the cause of the incident.

The correct choice is (C) 1967

To explain I would say: Since 1967, flight data RECORDERS have been a mandatory requirement in commercial aircraft in the United States. The instruments are extremely critical for SAFE flying of aircrafts.

The correct choice is (a) Bright ORANGE

Easiest EXPLANATION: Bright orange paint is USED to coat the exterior of the FDR. The paint is heat resistant and provides HIGH visibility in case of a wreckage.

Right option is (a) Cargo

Easiest EXPLANATION: Cargo is not a channel used by CVRs. In total, there are 4 channels in a commercial type RECORDER: Pilot, Copilot, Crew, and Centre-Area. In case of a crash or MISHAP, the CUMULATIVE information from these channels is essential to evaluate the cause of the tragedy.

The correct ANSWER is (c) Tail section

Explanation: The FDR unit is usually MOUNTED in the AIRCRAFTS tail section. This is because, the FDR is most LIKELY to survive a crash, if PLACED in this section.

Correct answer is (a) True

To explain I would say: True, the AIR pressure decreases with an increase of altitude. The increase is approximately 100 hectopascals PER 800 meters, or ROUGHLY one inch of MERCURY per 1000 feet.

The correct option is (b) Flight DATA Acquisition Units

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: FDAU refers to Flight Data Acquisition Units. These are units that record IMPORTANT flight parameters, including control and actuator positions, engine information and time of day.

The CORRECT choice is (a) False

Explanation: False, modern FDRS emits an ultrasonic “ping”. This is to ASSIST in detection when the instrument is submerged. The ping is EMITTED by an underwater LOCATOR beacon.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Setting

To explain I WOULD SAY: The sea-level reference pressure can be adjusted with a setting knob. The knob is located on the altimeter. MODERN aircraft use sensitive altimeters.

The correct choice is (b) Inches of MERCURY

The BEST explanation: The reference pressure in Canada and the UNITED States, is noted in inches of mercury. Elsewhere, it is noted in hectopascals. It is displayed in the small Kollsman WINDOW, on the face of the aircraft altimeter.

Correct CHOICE is (c) International Standard Atmosphere

The EXPLANATION is: ISA refers to International Standard Atmosphere. It is a static ATMOSPHERIC MODEL established to provide a common reference for temperature and PRESSURE.

Correct option is (a) 2500 feet

Easy explanation: Radio altimeters GIVE data to the AUTO throttle which is a part of the Flight COMPUTER. Radio altimeters only give readings up to 2,500 feet above GROUND LEVEL. Above 2,500 feet, other systems are used to determine the fight altitude.

The correct ANSWER is (d) Pressure altimeter

Easy EXPLANATION: Pressure altimeter may also be referred to as barometer’s which are equipped with a NONLINEAR calibration. Such calibration is done so as to INDICATE altitude. Further, these instruments may also be called as BAROMETRIC altimeter.

The correct choice is (c) Altimeter setting

Best explanation: Altimeter setting is the value of the atmospheric pressure, USED to adjust the sub-scale of a pressure altimeter. It is done so that it indicates the HEIGHT of an AIRCRAFT above a known reference surface, such as MEAN sea LEVEL.