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1. B2B - Business to business:
Electronic commerce that is conducted between business organizations is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. for example, transactions between the manufacturing industry with suppliers of raw materials.

2. B2C- Business to Consumer:
Electronic commerce that is conducted between traders and consumers is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com, ebay.com, etc.,

3. C2B - Consumer to Business:
It is an electronic commerce business model in which consumers (individuals) offer products and services to companies and the companies pay them.

4. C2C - Consumer to Consumer:
Customer to Customer (C2C) markets are new ways to allow customers to interact with each other. In customers to customer markets, customers can sell goods and or services to each other. There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums. Eg. Quickr.com etc.,

The e-commerce is defined as buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.

The working of e-commerce:

There are five major components of eCommerce, the Merchant Account, the Shopping System, the Payment Gateway (for real-time-processing), the Hosting Service and the Security System.

1. The Merchant Account:

Any type of real eCommerce requires a Merchant Account. A merchant account comes with a merchant identification number. In order to process transactions require either a terminal (the little box that you swipe your credit card through at retail outlets) or software that runs on your PC and will dial up the merchant via your modem/and then process the transaction and deposit the money into your bank account.

2. The Shopping System:

A site with a variety of products should use the shopping cart system because it’s the easiest way for customers to choose items during the shop. There are many choices when selecting a Shopping System but some of the most important should be. functionality, ease of use, and compatibility. Shopping systems like anything else now days can be purchased or leased.

3. SSL Certificate:
This Certificate provides security for the credit card information from the user’s browser through the trader website and then into the Gateway. Certificates can be purchased from companies like Geo Trust, VeriSign and a handful of others.

4. Gateway Account:
Once the user sends his order it is transferred from his machine to the Shop-Cart and is protected by the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), the server then sends data to the Payment Gateway. Gateways are services linked between the e-commerce website and the banking networks. The Gateway is simply the door into the ATM banking network. The processor accepts the data from the shop-cart and brings it into the ATM network.

If the order is accepted, it will then charge the order amount to the customer’s account and sends the Gateway an authorization code. The Customers Bank will then settle the remainder of the transaction at a later time.
Payment Diagram:
1. Consumer places an order with the merchant through any number of sales channels: Web Site, Call Center, Retail, Wireless or Broadband.

2. Authorize.Net detects an order has been placed, securely encrypts and forwards the Authorization Request to the Consumer’s Credit Card Issuer to verify the consumer’s credit card account and funds availability.

3. The Authorization (or Decline) Response is returned via Authorize.Net to the Merchant. Round trip this process averages less than 3 seconds.

4. Upon approval, the Merchant fulfills the consumer’s order.

5. Authorize.Net sends the settlement request to the Merchant Account Provider.

6. The Merchant Account Provider deposits transaction funds into the Merchant’s Checking Account.

It is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. URLs have the following format:
protocol://hostname/other_information for
example, http:// www.vpuc.com /
The protocol specifies how information from the link is transferred. The protocol used for web resources is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The protocol is followed by a colon, two slashes, and then the domain name. The domain name is the computer on which the resource is located. Links to particular files or subdirectories may be further specified after the domain name.
For example, the two URLs below point to two different files at the domain vpuc.com. The first specifies an executable file that should be fetched using the FTP protocol; the second specifies a Web page that should be fetched using the HTTP protocol.

The e-commerce is defined as buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.

It is software with source code freely available to the customer and free to use but doesn’t have to be free of charge.

Free software means the software is freely accessible and can be freely used, changed, improved, copied and distributed by all who wish to do so and doesn’t have to be paid.

OSS means Open Source Software refers to software whose source code is available to customers.
FLOSS refers to Free/Libre/Open Source Software. It is software that is both free software as well as open-source software. Libre means freedom.

List of OSS

• Apache HTTP Server rhttp://httpd.apache.org/l (webserver)
• Blender rhttp://www.blerider.orgl (3D graphics and animation package)

List of FLOSS
Mozilla Suite
OpenOffice.org

A software neither open or freely available is called proprietary software.

It is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.

• OSI means Open Source Initiative is an organization dedicated to promoting open-source software.
• W3C is an acronym for World Wide Web Consortium is responsible for producing the software standards for WWW.

The different protocol used are HTTP, FTP, SMPT, TCP/IP, UDP, POP, etc.,

• URL- Uniform Resource Locator and
• HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer protocol

1. A web is a computer on which a web site is hosted and a program that runs on such a computer. So the term web server refers to both hardware and software.

2. A web site is a collection of web pages generally written using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). For a web site to be available to everyone in the world at all times, it needs to be stored or “hosted” on a computer that is connected to the internet. Such a computer is known as a Web Server.

3. A web server program is software that runs on the web site hosting Server computer. Its main purpose is serving web pages for requests from web browsers.

4. The Server machine hosts (stores) the web site on its hard disk while the server program helps deliver the web pages and their associated files like images, flash movies, etc. to clients (browsers).

5.  There are many web server programs available. The most famous and popular of them all is Apache developed by the Apache Foundation. It is free and also available for several operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux/Unix.

The term “open source” refers to something that can be modified because its design is 1 publicly accessible. Open-source software is software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone but need not be free of charge.

Its developers make its source code available to others who would like to view that code, copy it, learn from it, alter it, or share it. Libre Office and the GNU Image Manipulation Program are examples of open-source software.

Open-source software licenses allow other people to make changes to source code and include those changes into their own projects. Some open-source licenses make sure that anyone who alters and then shares a program with others must also share that program’s source code without charging a licensing fee for it.

WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property services, policy, information and, cooperation. It is a self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 187 member states. Its mission is to lead the development of a balanced and effective international intellectual property (IP) system that enables innovation and creativity for the benefit of all.

TELNET (TELecommunication NETwork) is a network protocol developed in 1969, used on the Internet or local area network (LAN).
The telnet provides access to a command-line, interface on a remote host by means of a virtual terminal. The network terminal protocol (TELNET) allows a user to log in on any other computer on the network. We can start a remote session by specifying a computer to connect to. From that time until we finish the session, anything we type is sent to the other computer.

The Telnet program runs on the computer and connects your PC to a server on the network. , We can then enter commands through the Telnet program and they will be executed as if we were entering them directly on the server-side.

This enables to control the server and communicate with other servers on the network. To start a Telnet session, we must log in to a server by entering a valid username and password. Telnet is a common way to remotely control Web servers.