InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Substances which are edible colours . |
| Answer» Beta carotene , lycopene , xanthenes , lutein | |
| 2. |
Various products like food and cosmetics are produced on a large scale with the help of micro organisms. |
| Answer» False . Various products like food and medicines are produced on a large scale with the help of micro organisms . | |
| 3. |
Food materials like cold dringks , ice - creams , juices are available in various colours and flavours . Whether these colours and flavours are really derived from fruits ? |
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Answer» Colours and flavours are derived from fruits , vegetables ,plants , minerals etc. (ii) Some colours are natural . Some colours are artificial . |
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| 4. |
You must have seen or read the news of dead fishes or oily water accumulating at the sea coasts. Why does this happen ? |
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Answer» (i) This happens due to oil spills. (ii) An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment especially the marine ecosystem , due to human activity and is a form of pollution. (iii) Oil spills may be due to release of crude oil from tankers , offshore platforms , drilling rigs and wells , as well as spills of refined petroleum product. |
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| 5. |
Why it is asked to segregate wet and dry waste in each home ? |
| Answer» Waste has to be segregated as dry and wet garbafe at home because dry garbage can be given to recycling units and wet garbage can be converted into compost . | |
| 6. |
Which is the most appropriate method of disposal of dry waste ? |
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Answer» (i) The most appropriate method of disposal of dry waste is recycling . Segregate the dry waste itself. Separate the commodities. (ii) Commodities like glass , metals plastic can be recycled as it becomes commercial /industrial dry waste. |
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| 7. |
Compressed waste is ………. In the pit. It is covered with layers of ………… , ……… , leafy waste and ………. . ………. Are mixed at some places. ………. Present in the soil and other top layers ………… the waste . Completely filled pit is ……….. With soil ………. , Best quality ............. is formed after few days. Choose the correct alternative from below . (comost , microbes , saw dust , slurry sealed , soil dumped , bioreactors , biochemicals , decompose) |
| Answer» Compressed waste is dumped in the pit . It is covered with layers of soil , sawdust , leafy waste and biochemicals . Bioreactors are mixed at some places . Microbes present in the soil and other top layers decompose the waste . Completely filled pit is sealed with soil slurry . Best quality compost is formed after few days . | |
| 8. |
Explain the importance of biopesticides in organic farming. |
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Answer» (i) Fluoroacetamide - like chemicals are mixed with soil due to use of chemical pesticides in agriculture. (ii) These prove to be harmful to other plants and animals as well as cause skin disease to humans . Therefore biopesticides are used nowadays. (iii) Bacterial and fungal toxins which can destroy pests and pathogens can be directly integrated into plants with the help of biotechnology . (iv) Being toxic to insects , plants are saved from them. (v) Spinosad , is a biopesticide . It is a by - product of fermentation. |
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| 9. |
Bhikaji Tambe a farmer in Kolhapur has planned a big harvest of sugarcane in his field. Suggest him ways and means for a high yield with organic farming. |
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Answer» (i) Bhikaji Tambe can add solution of Azotobacter and artificial nitrogenase to get good quality sugarcane and a high yeld also. (ii) Use of bioinsecticides will also help in good harvest. |
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| 10. |
Beta carotene , lycopene, xanthene ,xanthan. |
| Answer» Xanthan - Others are used as edible colours whereas Xanthan gum is used to impart thickness. | |
| 11. |
Gentamycin , streptomycin , natamycin , neomycin. |
| Answer» Natamycin - Others are antibiotics , whereas Natamycin is used as microbial restrictor. | |
| 12. |
Industries in which microbial enzymes are used . |
| Answer» Cheese , plant extracts , textile , leather , paper | |
| 13. |
Bacteria used to clear oil spills are called ……………… |
| Answer» Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) | |
| 14. |
Vinegar Production. |
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Answer» (i) Vinegar is used in each country of the world to impart sour taste to food materials . It is also used for preservation of pickles , sauce, ketch - up , chutneys , etc. (iii) Chemically , vinegar is 4 % acetic acid (`CH_(3)COOH`). (iv) Ethanol is obtained by the fermentation of carbon compounds like fruit juices , maple syrup , sugar molasses, starch of roots by yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbial degradation of ethanol by mixture of bacterial strains - Acetobacter and Glucanobacter takes place. Acetic acid and other by - products are obtained through it. (vii) Acetic acid is separated from mixture by rarefaction. (viii) Acetic acid is bleached with the help of potassium ferrocynide , and is then pasteurized. (ix) A very small quantity of `SO_(2)` gas is mixed to produce vinegar. |
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| 15. |
Bacteria used to clear oil spills are called phenol oxidising bacteria. |
| Answer» False : Bacteria used to clear oil spills are called Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). | |
| 16. |
Bacterial strains which convert milk to Yoghurt . |
| Answer» Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacillus delbrueckii | |
| 17. |
Yoghurt. |
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Answer» Yoghurt is a milk product produced with the help of Lactobacilli. (ii) Condensed milk powder is mixed with milk to be fermented for maintaining the protein content for industrial production of yoghurt. (iii) Milk is boiled and once it cools to warm temperature , bacterial strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii are added in 1 : 1 proportion. (iv) Lactic acid formed due to Streptococcus makes the proteins to gel out and gives dense consistency to the yoghurt . (v) Acetaldehyde like compounds which are formed due to Lactobacilli give characteristic taste to Yoghurt. (vi) Shelf life of Yoghurt and its probiotic properties can be improved by pasteurization . |
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| 18. |
Dairy produts. |
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Answer» Since ancient days, milk is converted into various products for its preservation. (ii) Water content and acidity of the milk changes during formation of these products and texture, taste and flavour is improved. (iii) Bacteria in milk is used for most milk products . Milk is pasteurized at the beginning to destroy unwanted microbes . (iv) These processes are performed on a large scale with more skill. (v) Milk is fermented with the help of lactobacilli. Lactose sugar of the milk is converted into lactic acid . (vi) Milk proteins are coagulated with the help of lactic acid . (vii) Compounds with taste and flavour are also formed . e.g. Diacetyl has the flavour of butter. |
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| 19. |
Xanthan gum. |
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Answer» (i) Xanthan gum is obtained by fermentation of starch and molasses with the help of Xanthomonas species. (ii) It is variously useful due to properties like solubility in hot and cold water , high density, etc. (iii) It is used in production of pigments , fertilizers weedicides , textile pigments , tooth pastes , high quality paper. (iv) It imparts thickness to ice - creams , puddings , chocolates , milk shakes , chocolate drinks , instant soups etc. |
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| 20. |
Milk is pasteurized at the beginning. |
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Answer» (i) Milk is converted into various products for its preservation purpose . (ii) Milk is pasteurized at the beginning to destroy unwanted microbes. |
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| 21. |
Bioinsecticides. |
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Answer» (i) Bacterial and fungal toxins which can destroy pests and pathogens can be directly integrated into plants with the help of biotechnology. (ii) Insects do not consume such plants , as they are toxic to insects. (iii) Similar to bacteria , some species of fungi and viruses are useful as pesticides. (iv) Spinosad, a by - product of fermentation is a biopesticide. |
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| 22. |
Actinomycetes , Streptomyces, Nocardia, Pseudomonas. |
| Answer» Pseudomonas - HCB bacteria , Others are fungi which decomposes rubber . | |
| 23. |
Spirulina, Chlorella, Blue green algae , Actinomycetes. |
| Answer» Actinomycetes : Species of fungi - others are probiotic algae. | |
| 24. |
What are the benefits of mixing ethanol with petrol and diesel ? |
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Answer» Ethanol is a renewable , domestically produced transportation fuel . (ii) It burns more cleanly producing less carbon emission . (iii) Reduces dependence of fossil fuels . (vi) Enhances the octane content in the fuel . |
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| 25. |
…………. And ……….. Can control the soil pollution occuring due to acid rain. |
| Answer» Acidophillum spp., Acidovacillus ferroxidens | |
| 26. |
How can the soil polluted by acid rain be made fertile again ? |
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Answer» (i) Sulphuric acid is present in the acid rain and in materials coming out of mines. (ii) Erosion of bridges , metal statues , occurs due to acid rain . (iii) Sulphuric acid is the source of energy for some species of bacteria like Acidophillium spp. and Acidobacillus ferroxidens. (iv) Hence , these bacteria can control the soil pollution occurring due to acid rain , and the soil can be made fertile again. |
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| 27. |
Oxidoreductases, tranferases , ligases , papain. |
| Answer» Papain - Enzymes present in papaya plant whereas others are microbial enzymes. | |
| 28. |
What do you mean by antibiotic ? |
| Answer» Carbon compounds obtained from some bacteria and fungi for destroying or preventing the growth of harmful micro - organisms are called antibiotics . | |
| 29. |
Steps for process of cheese production . |
| Answer» Cutting , washing , rubbing , salting , mixing , ripening . | |
| 30. |
Fermented food items |
| Answer» Bread , Cheese , Yoghurt | |
| 31. |
Substance which help in protein binding. |
| Answer» Glumate acid , Lysine , Tryptophan | |
| 32. |
Chemical substance from which plastic bottles are made. |
| Answer» PET - Polyethylene Terephthalate Polyester | |
| 33. |
Plastic bottles are formed from a chemical substance ………. . |
| Answer» Polyethylene Terephthalate Polyester (PET) | |
| 34. |
Substance prepared by using yeast is ……………A. breadB. honeyC. butterD. yoghurt |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 35. |
Lactobacillus lactis , Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus cremoris , Streptococcus thermophilus. |
| Answer» Lactobacillus delbureckii - Others are used in cheese production , whereas Lactobacillus delbrueckii is used in yoghurt production. | |
| 36. |
Soyabean sauce is produced with the help of fungus Aspergillus niger . |
| Answer» Flase. Soyabean sauce is produced with the help of fungs Aspergillus oryzae. | |
| 37. |
Acetic acid is bleached with the help of potassium permanganate. |
| Answer» False. Acetic acid is bleached with the help of potassium ferrocynide. | |
| 38. |
Ingredients of popular chinese food produce by microbial fermentation . |
| Answer» Vinegar , soya sauce, monosodium glutamate | |
| 39. |
Which fuels are obtained from biomass ? |
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Answer» Fuels obtained from biomass : (i) Solid fuels : Coal , dung , crop residue (ii) Liquid fuels : Vegetable oils , alcohol (iii) Gaseous fuels : Gobar gas , coal gas. |
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| 40. |
Bio - fuel is among non - renewable source of good energy . |
| Answer» Flase. Bio - fuel is among renewable source of good energy . | |
| 41. |
Which plants are cultivated to obtain the fuel ? |
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Answer» (i) Crops cultivated to obtain fue are corn, sugarcane , wheat ,soyabean , beet , Jatropha , etc. (ii) These are the main sources for the most common types of biofuels today. |
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| 42. |
Gaseous Bio fuel |
| Answer» Gobar gas , coal gas | |
| 43. |
Metals which leach into the environment from low quality metalloids . |
| Answer» Copper , iron , uranium , zinc | |
| 44. |
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) |
| Answer» Pseudomonas spp, Alcanovorax borkumensis | |
| 45. |
Species of bacteria which decompose PET. |
| Answer» Vibrio, Ideonella sakiensis | |
| 46. |
Species of fungi which decompose rubber from garbage |
| Answer» Actinomycetes , Streptomyces, Nocardia, Actinoplanes. | |
| 47. |
Observe the garbage vans of grampanchayat and municipality . Nowaday, there is facility of decreasing the volume of garbage by compaction in those vans. Explain the advantages of this activity. |
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Answer» (i) Waste compaction is the process of compacting waste , reducing it in size. (ii) Garbage compactors and waste collection vehicles compress waste so that more of it can be stored in the same space. Advantage of compaction of garbage : (i) Compacted waste means less trips to the landfill are needed . (ii) This is a more eco - friendly solution to waste removal . Fewer trips to the landfills will reduce transportation costs and the pollution or emissions created from those trips. (iii) Reduces insect and rodent problems. (iv) Controls odour. |
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| 48. |
Applied microbiology . |
| Answer» Branch of biology in which study of enzymes related to some prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes, proteins , applied genetics , molecular biology is performed is called as applied microbes , proteins , applied genetics , molecular biology is performed is called as applied microbiology . | |
| 49. |
Industrial microbiology . |
| Answer» Science related to commercial use of microbes in which various economic , social and environment related processes and product are included is called industrial microbiology . | |
| 50. |
Explain the difference between Applied Microbiology and industrial Microbiology. |
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Answer» (i) In Applied Microbiology , we study enzymes related to some prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes , proteins , applied genetics and molecular biology. In industrial Microbiology , we study commercial use of microbes in which various economic , social and environment related processes and products are included . |
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