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Thingful is a search engine for the internet of things (IoT). Using millions of publicly available IoT data resources, it provides a geographical index of real-time data from connected devices around the globe. With Thingful, IoT managers can detect patterns, identify anomalies, and analyze trends to solve problems. 

A wide range of organizations can benefit from the internet of things. A key objective of the Internet of Things is to extend internet access from smartphones, laptops, and tablet devices to relatively basic devices such as toasters. As the Internet of Things has grown, there have been more opportunities in the fields of Mobile DEVELOPMENT, CARS, and household products that UTILIZE and connect the Internet. With IoT technology pervading every aspect of our lives, an increased need for professionals trained to handle IoT devices has developed.  

Hence, if you're considering an IoT interview, you've found the right place. In this article, we have COMPILED a list of the most frequently asked IoT interview questions with answers CURATED for both freshers and experienced professionals. Hopefully, these IoT interview questions will help you succeed in your next interview. Wishing you continued success. 

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"Asset tracking" ENTAILS tracking a particular asset and its location, WHETHER it's a hammer, an X-ray machine, a vehicle, a shipping crate, or even a person. How does the IoT fit in here? RATHER than manually tracking assets like a supervisor filling out a form when the asset arrives at a specific location, IoT tracking systems use sensors and asset management software to track things automatically. The assets are FITTED with sensors, which broadcast their location over the internet on a continuous or periodic basis, and the software displays this INFORMATION for you to see. Different types of IoT asset tracking systems transmit location information differently, such as via GPS, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks.

The FOLLOWING wearable ARDUINO boards are available: 

• LILYPAD Arduino main board
• Lilypad Arduino SIMPLE
• Lilypad Arduino simple snap
• Lilypad Arduino USB

GE (GENERAL Electric) Predix is a software platform for COLLECTING industrial INSTRUMENT data. This platform enables industrial-grade analytics for operations optimization and PERFORMANCE management via a cloud-based PaaS (platform as a service). 

WSN (Wireless sensor network): It uses a network of dedicated sensors to monitor and RECORD the physical conditions of the environment and to organize the recorded data at one central location. WSN: Sensor nodes connected without a wire to gather data. 

IoT (Internet of THINGS): It is referred to as a network comprised of interconnected physical objects that are CAPABLE of collecting and exchanging data. These devices contain EMBEDDED systems (software, ELECTRONICS, networks, and sensors) that are able to collect data about the surrounding environment, transmit data over a network, respond to remote commands, or take actions based on data collected. IoT: WSN + Any physical object (Thing) + IP address + Internet + App + Cloud computing + etc.… 

We can use many different kinds of controller boards for our hardware projects. Arduino and Raspberry Pi are among the most POPULAR. 

Difference between Arduino and Raspberry Pi-

GPIO (General-purpose INPUT/output) is a standard interface USING which Raspberry Pi and other microcontrollers can connect to external electronic components/devices. These are BASICALLY programmable pins on an INTEGRATED circuit or BOARD that allow digital input or output signals to be controlled programmatically.

ARDUINO refers to a program as a sketch. In other words, it is a bit of code that is uploaded to and executed on an Arduino BOARD. It is possible to reduce the SIZE of the sketch by REMOVING unnecessary libraries from the code and making it simple and short. 

Raspberry Pi is a card-sized COMPUTER with features like GENERAL Purpose Input Output (GPIO) PINS, WiFi, and Bluetooth that allow it to communicate, CONTROL, and connect to other external devices. Combining IoT applications with Raspberry Pi helps businesses embrace technology more effectively. 

ARDUINO is an open-source platform for building electronics projects using easy-to-use hardware and software. A microcontroller is the common feature of all Arduino BOARDS. The microcontrollers on BOARD are capable of reading inputs (e.g., light on a sensor, an object near a sensor) and converting them to outputs (drive a motor, ring an alarm, turn on an LED, DISPLAY information on an LCD). It is POSSIBLE to connect multiple devices and exchange data in real-time between them. It is also possible to monitor them remotely using a simple interface. 

IoT (Internet of Things): Any device that can connect to the internet and transfer DATA to a REMOTE data server is termed the Internet of Things (IoT). 

IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things): In the case of IoT devices used for industrial PURPOSES, these devices are referred to as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT is the subset of IoT.  

Difference between IIoT and IoT-

Once installed, IoT devices may need to be updated or timely fixed. Occasionally, it must be replaced or repaired, resulting in downtime. The problem can be solved using IoT DEVICE management, which can keep the devices in good shape. IoT device management involves provisioning, authenticating, configuring, monitoring, provisioning, and maintaining the connected devices and software's. EFFECTIVE device management is vital for ENSURING the health, security, and connectivity of IoT devices.  In order to manage IoT devices, you need to meet the following four requirements. 

• Provisioning and Authentication: IoT devices can be attacked quite easily since their network can be accessed via the Internet. This problem is solved by provisioning and authenticating the devices. By provisioning, you modify the device from its off-the-shelf settings to those needed for it to work with your network. In order to prevent intrusions and safeguard proprietary information, authentication ensures only authorized devices are enrolled.
• Configuration and Control: It is always necessary to configure a new device before you can begin using it. It is also critical to control and configure devices after deployment to ensure certain aspects such as performance, security, and functionality. Implementing control capability will be easier this way.
• Monitoring and Diagnostics: The device may go down for a time when there are software bugs or certain other ISSUES. To diagnose these issues, users must constantly monitor their devices. Device management assists in diagnosing these issues in order to resolve them quickly and efficiently.
• Updates and Maintenance: For a device to function flawlessly, it must be updated after it has been installed. This may INVOLVE adding new features. Good device management hinges on the ability to update and maintain the software of remote devices securely.

The Bluegiga APx4 is a low power wireless System-on-Module (SOM). It's an ideal development PLATFORM for developing gateways since it's EQUIPPED with integrated Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0, ARM, and Linux. Wireless and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) can be used together without interference as they are COMPLIANT with coexistence protocols. Bluegiga Apx4 supports both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and its 450mhz Arm9 processor provides smooth performance. 

The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT) is a publish/subscribe message protocol designed for networks with limited bandwidth and IoT devices with extremely high latency (delay in DATA transmission). This messaging protocol is simple and lightweight, suited to devices and networks with low bandwidth, high latency, or insecure networks. It has been designed to reduce network bandwidth and resource requirements of devices and to ensure supply security. Furthermore, these principles are beneficial for IoT or M2M devices, SINCE battery life and bandwidth are very important. Because MQTT is efficient and lightweight, it can be used to monitor or control a large amount of data. Nowadays, MQTT is used in a variety of industries, including automotive, manufacturing, telephony, oil and gas. 

Publishes are the sources of data that send data to TOPICS. The broker MANAGES the topics, and consumers subscribe to the topics. Upon receiving data for a topic from the publisher, the broker forwards it to all SUBSCRIBED consumers. As a result, brokers are responsible for receiving data from publishers and sending it to the appropriate consumers. 

WoT (Web of Things) is an advancement of the Internet of Things by integrating SMART things not only with the Internet (network) but with the Web ARCHITECTURE (application). In short, the Web of Things (WoT) is aimed at FACILITATING the interoperability and usability of IoT.  It is a web standard for enabling communication between smart devices and web applications.

Devices such as IOT gateways enable communication between IoT devices, sensors, equipment, and systems. Basically, an IoT gateway is a central HUB for all IoT devices. It connects the IoT devices to each other and to the cloud, converting communication among the devices and analyzing data to create useful information. Several critical functions are performed by an IoT gateway, including translating protocols, encrypting, processing, managing, and filtering data. As part of an IoT ecosystem, gateways sit between devices and sensors to COMMUNICATE with the cloud.  

IoT gateways are commonly used for the following purposes:   

• INTERCONNECTING devices
• Connecting devices to the cloud
• Transforming IoT communications
• Data filtering
• Reducing SECURITY risks, etc.

IoT (Internet of Things): It is referred to as a network comprised of interconnected PHYSICAL objects that are capable of collecting and exchanging data. These devices contain embedded systems (software, electronics, networks, and sensors) that are able to collect data about the surrounding environment, transmit data over a network, respond to remote commands, or take actions based on data collected. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a subset of M2M (Machine to Machine) technology. In IoT, two machines communicate without human intervention, making it a part of M2M. 

M2M (Machine to Machine): In M2M, devices communicate with each other directly via wired or wireless channels, without any human interaction. It enables devices to communicate and share data with each other without RELYING on the internet. Several applications of M2M communications are available, including security, TRACKING, and tracing, manufacturing, and facility management.