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If JDBC is USED with the template class CALLED JdbcTemplate, it gives a BETTER performance.

If JDBC is used with the template class called JdbcTemplate, it gives a better performance.

Object/relational mapping (ORM) tool is supported by Spring over STRAIGHT JDBC by implementing the ORM module. Spring can join VARIOUS important ORM frameworks, including JDO, iBATIS SQL MAPS and Hibernate.

Object/relational mapping (ORM) tool is supported by Spring over straight JDBC by implementing the ORM module. Spring can join various important ORM frameworks, including JDO, iBATIS SQL Maps and Hibernate.

The web MODULE enables the creation of a web application without XML. The web.xml FILE needs to be configured for USING the web module.

The web module enables the creation of a web application without XML. The web.xml file needs to be configured for using the web module.

DataAccessException is a RuntimeException. It is an Unchecked EXCEPTION. The USER cannot be forced to HANDLE these KINDS of exceptions.

DataAccessException is a RuntimeException. It is an Unchecked Exception. The user cannot be forced to handle these kinds of exceptions.

Cross cutting concern: It is a concern which is APPLICABLE THROUGHOUT the application and it affects the entire application. E.g SECURITY, LOGGING and data transfer are the concerns which are NEEDED in almost every module of an application.
Concern: Concern is a behavior that we want to have in a module of an application. Issues in which we are interested defines our concern.

Cross cutting concern: It is a concern which is applicable throughout the application and it affects the entire application. E.g Security, logging and data transfer are the concerns which are needed in almost every module of an application.
Concern: Concern is a behavior that we want to have in a module of an application. Issues in which we are interested defines our concern.

The term proxy REFERS to an OBJECT which is PRODUCED the APPLICATION of an advice to the target object.

The term proxy refers to an object which is produced the application of an advice to the target object.

Singleton BEAN – Single bean DEFINITION to a single object INSTANCE per Spring IOC CONTAINER
Prototype Bean – Single bean definition to any number of object instances per Spring IOC Container

Singleton Bean – Single bean definition to a single object instance per Spring IOC container
Prototype Bean – Single bean definition to any number of object instances per Spring IOC Container

POINTCUT is USED to ALLOW where the ADVICE can be APPLIED.

Pointcut is used to allow where the advice can be applied.

Aspect is also called as LOGGING which is required THROUGHOUT the application. Logging or aspect is a cross cutting FUNCTIONALITY in an application using AOP.

Aspect is also called as logging which is required throughout the application. Logging or aspect is a cross cutting functionality in an application using AOP.

The point where an aspect can be INTRODUCED in the APPLICATION is known as a joinpoint. This point could be a FIELD being modified, a method being called or even an exception being thrown. At these points, the new aspect’s code can be added to INTRODUCE a new behavior to the application.
Aspect code can be inserted at this point into normal flow of application to change the CURRENT behavior.

The point where an aspect can be introduced in the application is known as a joinpoint. This point could be a field being modified, a method being called or even an exception being thrown. At these points, the new aspect’s code can be added to introduce a new behavior to the application.
Aspect code can be inserted at this point into normal flow of application to change the current behavior.

Advice will tell APPLICATION on new behavior and it is the implementation of an aspect. It is INSERTED into an application at the joinpoint.
Advice is the implementation of an aspect. It is something LIKE TELLING your application of a new behavior. Generally, the advice is inserted into an application at joinpoints.

Advice will tell application on new behavior and it is the implementation of an aspect. It is inserted into an application at the joinpoint.
Advice is the implementation of an aspect. It is something like telling your application of a new behavior. Generally, the advice is inserted into an application at joinpoints.

The DIFFERENT types of events RELATED to listeners are:

• ContextRefreshedEvent – This gets called when the context is REFRESHED or initialized.
• RequestHandledEvent – This gets called when the web context is HANDLING a request.
• ContextClosedEvent – This gets called when the context gets closed.

The different types of events related to listeners are:

IOC (Inversion of CONTROL pattern) is also KNOWN as DEPENDENCY INJECTION. IOC directs the programmers to depict how to create OBJECTS instead of actually creating them. But in this design pattern, this control has been given to assembler and assembler will instantiate required class if needed.

IOC (Inversion of Control pattern) is also known as dependency injection. IOC directs the programmers to depict how to create objects instead of actually creating them. But in this design pattern, this control has been given to assembler and assembler will instantiate required class if needed.

When only a small amount of transactional operations is there, it is advised to USE Programmatic transaction management. But if there is a big amount of transactional operations to be taken CARE of, DECLARATIVE transaction management is PREFERRED.

When only a small amount of transactional operations is there, it is advised to use Programmatic transaction management. But if there is a big amount of transactional operations to be taken care of, declarative transaction management is preferred.

FOLLOWING are the types of TRANSACTION management that has been SUPPORTED by spring:

• Declarative.
• PROGRAMMATICALLY.

Following are the types of transaction management that has been supported by spring:

There are FOUR DIFFERENT types of Auto WIRE:

1. BYNAME
2. byType
3. constructor
4. AUTODETECT

There are four different types of Auto wire:

Spring configuration file is an XML file and it contains class INFORMATION. It ALSO describes how these classes are configured and INTERACT with each other.

Spring configuration file is an XML file and it contains class information. It also describes how these classes are configured and interact with each other.

AOP ALLIANCE is an open-source project which is aimed at promoting adoption of AOP. The AOP alliance’s goal is to DEFINE a common set of components and interfaces so as to improve INTEROPERABILITY among different AOP implementations.

AOP alliance is an open-source project which is aimed at promoting adoption of AOP. The AOP alliance’s goal is to define a common set of components and interfaces so as to improve interoperability among different AOP implementations.

This AOP module is used for spring enabled APPLICATION. SUPPORT has been provided AOP alliance to ensure the interoperability between spring and other AOP frameworks.
It instructs spring to ADD annotations to the SOURCE code and TELL how to apply aspects.

This AOP module is used for spring enabled application. Support has been provided AOP alliance to ensure the interoperability between spring and other AOP frameworks.
It instructs spring to add annotations to the source code and tell how to apply aspects.

Core container MODULE is RESPONSIBLE for the basic FUNCTIONALITY of the spring FRAMEWORK. The WHOLE Spring framework is built with this module as a base.

Core container module is responsible for the basic functionality of the spring framework. The whole Spring framework is built with this module as a base.

TWO TYPES of DEPENDENCY INJECTION are supported by spring framework:

1. Setter Injection
2. Constructor Injection

Two types of dependency injection are supported by spring framework:

Singleton MEANS only one BEAN is defined per object instance while Prototype means one DEFINITION to more than one object INSTANCES in Spring.

Singleton means only one bean is defined per object instance while Prototype means one definition to more than one object instances in Spring.

FOLLOWING are the DIFFERENT types of EVENTS of listeners:
ContextClosedEvent – This EVENT is called when the context is closed.
ContextRefreshedEvent – This event is called when context is initialized or refreshed.
RequestHandledEvent – This event is called when the web context HANDLES request.

Following are the different types of events of listeners:
ContextClosedEvent – This event is called when the context is closed.
ContextRefreshedEvent – This event is called when context is initialized or refreshed.
RequestHandledEvent – This event is called when the web context handles request.

There are TWO IMPORTANT methods of Bean LIFE cycle:
Setup – CALLED when bean is loaded into container.
Teardown – called when bean is UNLOADED into container.

There are two important methods of Bean life cycle:
Setup – called when bean is loaded into container.
Teardown – called when bean is unloaded into container.

Following steps needs to be done to START with the Spring:

• Download Spring and its dependent file from spring’s SITE.
• Create application CONTEXT xml to define BEANS and its dependencies.
• Integrate application context xml with web.xml.
• Deploy and Run the application.

Following steps needs to be done to start with the Spring:

AUTOWIRING has five DIFFERENT modes:

1. no: no autowire.
2. BYNAME : Autowiring that can be done by property name.
3. byType : property type as autowired.
4. constructor: It is SIMILAR to byType and it is property is in constructor.
5. autodetect : Spring is allowed to SELECT autowiring from byType or constructor.

Autowiring has five different modes:

Autowiring is used to build relationships between the COLLABORATING beans. SPRING CONTAINER can automatically resolve COLLABORATORS for beans.

Autowiring is used to build relationships between the collaborating beans. Spring container can automatically resolve collaborators for beans.

Bean factory interface is used to provide CONFIGURATION framework for object CREATION and basic FUNCTIONALITY around object MANAGEMENT.

Bean factory interface is used to provide configuration framework for object creation and basic functionality around object management.

AOP module is utilized for CREATING ASPECTS for Spring applications. It ALSO ENABLES support for metadata PROGRAMMING in Spring.

AOP module is utilized for creating aspects for Spring applications. It also enables support for metadata programming in Spring.

This is a very important module and supplies VARIOUS necessary services like EJB integration, REMOTING, JNDI access and scheduling. It transforms spring into a FRAMEWORK. It ALSO BROADENS the idea of BeanFactory by application of lifecycle events, providing support for internationalization messages and validation.

This is a very important module and supplies various necessary services like EJB integration, remoting, JNDI access and scheduling. It transforms spring into a framework. It also broadens the idea of BeanFactory by application of lifecycle events, providing support for internationalization messages and validation.

The RowCallbackHandler is CALLED for each ROW in RESULTSET and is used to READ values from the ResultSet.

The RowCallbackHandler is called for each row in ResultSet and is used to read values from the ResultSet.

• AOP module (Aspect Oriented Programming)
• JDBC abstraction and DAO module
• The Core container module
• MVC FRAMEWORK module
• APPLICATION CONTEXT module
• O/R mapping integration module (Object/Relational)
• Web module

SPRING framework is needed because it is –

• Very Light WEIGHT CONTAINER
• Framework
• IOC
• AOP

Spring framework is needed because it is –

A Spring MVC is a single shared controller instance and it is used to handle request TYPE controllers, INTERCEPTORS which run in the IoC container. It also ALLOWS multiple Dispatcher Servlets which can share application CONTEXT interface but not class based interface.

A Spring MVC is a single shared controller instance and it is used to handle request type controllers, interceptors which run in the IoC container. It also allows multiple Dispatcher Servlets which can share application context interface but not class based interface.

BEAN wiring is the creation of associations between application components that are between the BEANS in a particular SPRING container.

Bean wiring is the creation of associations between application components that are between the beans in a particular spring container.

BEAN FACTORY is core of the spring framework and, it is a Lightweight container which loads bean definitions and manages your beans. Beans are configured using XML file and MANAGE singleton DEFINED bean. It is also responsible for life cycle methods and injects dependencies. It also removes adhoc singletons and factories.

Bean Factory is core of the spring framework and, it is a Lightweight container which loads bean definitions and manages your beans. Beans are configured using XML file and manage singleton defined bean. It is also responsible for life cycle methods and injects dependencies. It also removes adhoc singletons and factories.

Following are the benefits of Spring framework:

• Extensive USAGE of Components.
• Reusability.
• Decoupling.
• Reduces coding effort by USING pattern implementations such as SINGLETON, factory, service LOCATOR etc.
• REMOVAL of leaking connections.
• Declarative transaction management.
• Easy to integrate with third party tools and technologies.

Following are the benefits of Spring framework:

No, SINGLETON BEANS are not thread-safe in SPRING FRAMEWORK.

No, singleton beans are not thread-safe in Spring framework.

TRANSACTION management SUPPORTED by SPRING are :

•  DECLARATIVE transaction management.
•  Programmatic transaction management.

Transaction management supported by Spring are :

The default SCOPE of bean is SINGLETON for SPRING framework.

The default scope of bean is Singleton for Spring framework.

It is the EXECUTION of an ASPECT. Advice is like MAKING your application learn a new trick. They are usually introduced at joinpoints.

It is the execution of an aspect. Advice is like making your application learn a new trick. They are usually introduced at joinpoints.

DEPENDENCY Injection design pattern allows us to remove the hard-coded dependencies and MAKE our application loosely COUPLED, extendable and maintainable. We can implement dependency injection pattern to move the dependency resolution from compile-time to runtime.
Some of the benefits of using Dependency Injection are: SEPARATION of Concerns, Boilerplate Code reduction, Configurable COMPONENTS and easy unit testing.

Dependency Injection design pattern allows us to remove the hard-coded dependencies and make our application loosely coupled, extendable and maintainable. We can implement dependency injection pattern to move the dependency resolution from compile-time to runtime.
Some of the benefits of using Dependency Injection are: Separation of Concerns, Boilerplate Code reduction, Configurable components and easy unit testing.

Spring is one of the most widely used Java EE framework. Spring framework core CONCEPTS are “Dependency Injection” and “Aspect Oriented Programming”.
Spring framework can be used in normal java APPLICATIONS also to ACHIEVE loose coupling between different components by IMPLEMENTING dependency injection and we can perform cross cutting tasks such as logging and authentication using spring support for aspect oriented programming..

Spring is one of the most widely used Java EE framework. Spring framework core concepts are “Dependency Injection” and “Aspect Oriented Programming”.
Spring framework can be used in normal java applications also to achieve loose coupling between different components by implementing dependency injection and we can perform cross cutting tasks such as logging and authentication using spring support for aspect oriented programming..

An Ajax WEB APPLICATION TENDS to confuse end users if the network bandwidth is slow and there is no full POSTBACK RUNNING.

An Ajax Web Application tends to confuse end users if the network bandwidth is slow and there is no full postback running.

AJAX requests should USE an HTTP GET request where the data does not CHANGE for a given URL requested.
An HTTP POST should be used when state is UPDATED on the server. This is highly recommended for a consistent web application architecture.

AJAX requests should use an HTTP GET request where the data does not change for a given URL requested.
An HTTP POST should be used when state is updated on the server. This is highly recommended for a consistent web application architecture.

Following are the functions:
RegisterClientScriptBlock – The script is specified as a string parameter.
RegisterClientScriptInclude – By setting the source ATTRIBUTE to a URL that POINT to a script file.
RegisterClientScriptResource – SPECIFIES Resource name in an assembly. The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.

Following are the functions:
RegisterClientScriptBlock – The script is specified as a string parameter.
RegisterClientScriptInclude – By setting the source attribute to a URL that point to a script file.
RegisterClientScriptResource – specifies Resource name in an assembly. The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.

There are FOUR ready states in AJAX:

1. Initialization.
2. Request.
3. Process.
4. Ready.

There are four ready states in Ajax:

Proxied CALLS are MADE through stub objects which can be called from PHP CLASSES on the JAVASCRIPT side in AJAX.
Proxyless calls are made using utility JavaScript functions like HTML_AJAX.replace() and HTML_AJAX.append() in AJAX.

Proxied calls are made through stub objects which can be called from PHP classes on the JavaScript side in AJAX.
Proxyless calls are made using utility JavaScript functions like HTML_AJAX.replace() and HTML_AJAX.append() in AJAX.

The basic goals of Ajax are:

• REDUCED web server hits.
• Reduced Network load.
• Interactive user INTERFACE.
• PLATFORM and architecture neutrality.
• Support for both synchronous and ASYNCHRONOUS communication.
• Provide a server- and client-side FRAMEWORK.

The basic goals of Ajax are:

JSON supports FOLLOWING DATA types:

• String
• NUMBER
• Boolean
• ARRAY
• OBJECT
• Null

JSON supports following data types: