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1.

How the buckets are stored in predicate indexing?(a) Lists(b) Stack(c) Hashes(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me during an interview for a job.This interesting question is from Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (c) Hashes

To EXPLAIN: The buckets can be stored in a hash table for efficient ACCESS.
2.

What is meant by predicate indexing?(a) All the one kind of facts in one bucket and another kind in other bucket(b) Acts like index for facts(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in homework.The origin of the question is Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right choice is (a) All the ONE kind of FACTS in one BUCKET and ANOTHER kind in other bucket

The explanation: None.

3.

Where did all the facts are stored to implement store and fetch function?(a) Database(b) Knowledge base(c) Datamart(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked in a national level competition.My enquiry is from Unification and Lifting topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (B) Knowledge base

To EXPLAIN: The simplest way to implement store and fetch functions is to KEEP all the facts in the knowledge base in one long list.

4.

How many functions are available in the unification and lifting process?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4I got this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.The query is from Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (d) 4

The best I can explain: The four FUNCTIONS are available in the unification and LIFTING process are tell, ask, STORE and fetch.

5.

Which makes the complexity of the entire algorithm quadratic in the size?(a) Clause(b) Inference(c) Resolution(d) Occur checkThis question was addressed to me in an interview for internship.Origin of the question is Unification and Lifting in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct option is (d) OCCUR CHECK

Easiest explanation: Occur check makes the complexity of the entire ALGORITHM quadratic in the SIZE of the EXPRESSIONS being unified.

6.

Which algorithm takes two sentences and returns a unifier?(a) Inference(b) Hill-climbing search(c) Depth-first search(d) Unify algorithmThis question was addressed to me in semester exam.I'm obligated to ask this question of Unification and Lifting topic in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT answer is (d) Unify algorithm

The BEST EXPLANATION: The unify algorithm takes TWO sentences and returns a unifier if there is ONE in the sentence.

7.

Which is unique up to renaming of variables?(a) Unifier(b) Most general unifier(c) Unifier & Most general unifier(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in a national level competition.My doubt is from Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (B) Most general unifier

The BEST explanation: For every unifiable pair of expressions, there is a single most general unifier that is unique up to renaming of VARIABLES.

8.

Which is a lifted version of modus ponens?(a) Generalized modus ponens(b) Inference(c) Clauses(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in exam.The doubt is from Unification and Lifting topic in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (a) GENERALIZED modus ponens

Explanation: Generalized modus ponens is a lifted VERSION of modus ponens because it raises modus ponens from PROPOSITIONAL to first-order LOGIC.

9.

Which process makes different logical expression looks identical?(a) Lifting(b) Unification(c) Inference process(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in unit test.This intriguing question originated from Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right option is (B) Unification

To explain: Lifted inference RULES REQUIRE finding substitutions that MAKE different logical expression LOOKS identical. This process is called unification.

10.

Like semantic networks, frames can be queried using spreading activation.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in an online quiz.I'm obligated to ask this question of Frames topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) True

For explanation I WOULD say: None.

11.

What is the process of capturing the inference process as a single inference rule?(a) Ponens(b) Clauses(c) Generalized Modus Ponens(d) VariablesI have been asked this question during an interview.Query is from Unification and Lifting in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right answer is (c) Generalized Modus Ponens

The BEST EXPLANATION: All KINDS of inference process can be CAPTURED as a SINGLE inference rule that can be called as Generalized modus ponens.

12.

The basic inference mechanism in semantic network in which knowledge is represented as Frames is to follow the links between the nodes.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in semester exam.Question is taken from Frames in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (a) True

Easiest EXPLANATION: NONE.

13.

What is Hyponymy relation?(a) A is part of B(b) B has A as a part of itself(c) A is subordinate of B(d) A is superordinate of BThis question was posed to me in exam.I'd like to ask this question from Frames topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct choice is (C) A is SUBORDINATE of B

To explain: In linguistics, a hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is included within that of ANOTHER word, its hypernym (sometimes spelled hypernym outside of the natural LANGUAGE processing community). In simpler terms, a hyponym SHARES a type-of relationship with its hypernym.

14.

Which of the following elements constitutes the frame structure?(a) Facts or Data(b) Procedures and default values(c) Frame names(d) Frame reference in hierarchyThe question was posed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Frames in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (a) FACTS or Data

For explanation I WOULD say: None.

15.

Frames in artificial intelligence is derived from semantic nets.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in exam.My question comes from Frames in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) True

Best explanation: A frame is an artificial INTELLIGENCE data structure USED to divide knowledge into SUBSTRUCTURES by representing “stereotyped SITUATIONS.”.

16.

What is the frame?(a) A way of representing knowledge(b) Data Structure(c) Data Type(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in an internship interview.Origin of the question is Frames topic in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (a) A way of REPRESENTING knowledge

For EXPLANATION: None.

17.

What is Antonymy relation?(a) A is part of B(b) B has A as a part of itself(c) A denotes opposite of B(d) A is superordinate of BThis question was posed to me in an international level competition.Origin of the question is Semantic Net topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (C) A DENOTES opposite of B

To explain: None.

18.

What is Synonymy relation?(a) A is part of B(b) A denotes same as B(c) A is a kind of B(d) A is superordinate of BI got this question during an interview.This is a very interesting question from Semantic Net topic in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (B) A denotes same as B

To elaborate: NONE.

19.

Semantic Network is also known as Frame networks.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was asked in homework.This interesting question is from Semantic Net in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (a) True

To EXPLAIN: NONE.
20.

What among the following is/are the best example of semantic networks?(a) Wordnet(b) Human Food Chain(c) MYSIN(d) Autonomous car driverThis question was addressed to me at a job interview.My doubt is from Semantic Net topic in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct OPTION is (a) Wordnet

For EXPLANATION: Wordnet is a LEXICAL DATABASE of English.

21.

What are the limitations of the semantic networks?(a) Intractability(b) Lack in expressing some of the properties(c) Incomplete(d) Has memory constraintsI had been asked this question during an interview.I want to ask this question from Semantic Net topic in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (b) LACK in expressing some of the properties

Explanation: NONE.
22.

A semantic network is used when one has knowledge that is best understood as a set of concepts that are related to one another.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me during an interview for a job.Question is taken from Semantic Net topic in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (a) True

Easiest EXPLANATION: NONE.
23.

Semantic Network represents _____________(a) Syntactic relation between concepts(b) Semantic relations between concepts(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an online interview.The above asked question is from Semantic Net topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (B) SEMANTIC RELATIONS between concepts

The explanation: None.

24.

Basic idea of an partitioned nets is to break network into spaces which consist of groups of nodes and arcs and regard each space as a node.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in an interview for job.This key question is from Semantic Net in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT ANSWER is (a) True

The EXPLANATION is: NONE.
25.

Which of the following is an extension of the semantic network?(a) Expert Systems(b) Rule Based Expert Systems(c) Decision Tree Based networks(d) Partitioned NetworksI got this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.The query is from Semantic Net in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (d) PARTITIONED Networks

Easy EXPLANATION: NONE.
26.

The basic inference mechanism in semantic network is to follow the links between the nodes.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.I want to ask this question from Semantic Net topic in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) True

The EXPLANATION is: NONE.

27.

What is Hypernym relation?(a) A is part of B(b) B has A as a part of itself(c) A is a kind of B(d) A is superordinate of BI had been asked this question in a national level competition.Asked question is from Semantic Net topic in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct choice is (d) A is superordinate of B

Explanation: In linguistics, a hyponym is a word or PHRASE whose semantic field is included WITHIN that of another word, its hypernym (sometimes spelled hypernym outside of the NATURAL language PROCESSING community). In simpler terms, a hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym.

28.

What is Holonymy relation?(a) A is part of B(b) B has A as a part of itself(c) A is a kind of B(d) A is superordinate of BThe question was asked during an interview.Question is taken from Semantic Net in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right choice is (b) B has A as a part of itself

The explanation: Holonymy (in Greek holon = whole and onoma = name) is a semantic RELATION. Holonymy defines the relationship between a term DENOTING the whole and a term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. That is,

‘X’ is a holonym of ‘Y’ if YS are PARTS of Xs, or

‘X’ is a holonym of ‘Y’ if Ys are members of Xs.

29.

What is Meronymy relation?(a) A is part of B(b) B has A as a part of itself(c) A is a kind of B(d) A is superordinate of BI have been asked this question during an interview for a job.This intriguing question comes from Semantic Net in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right option is (a) A is part of B

The best explanation: A meronym DENOTES a CONSTITUENT part of or a member of something. That is,

X” is a meronym of “Y” if XS are parts of Y(s), or

“X” is a meronym of “Y” if Xs are MEMBERS of Y(s).

30.

Which of the following are the Semantic Relations used in Semantic Networks?(a) Meronymy(b) Holonymy(c) Hyponymy(d) All of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in my homework.Asked question is from Semantic Net in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned

The BEST EXPLANATION: NONE.
31.

Graph used to represent semantic network is _____________(a) Undirected graph(b) Directed graph(c) Directed Acyclic graph (DAG)(d) Directed complete graphThis question was posed to me in semester exam.I need to ask this question from Semantic Net in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (b) Directed GRAPH

For EXPLANATION: Semantic NETWORK is a directed graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts and EDGES, which represent semantic relations between the concepts.

32.

What among the following constitutes the representation of the knowledge in different forms?(a) Relational method where each fact is set out systematically in columns(b) Inheritable knowledge where relational knowledge is made up of objects(c) Inferential knowledge(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.My doubt stems from Semantic Net in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT option is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain I would SAY: NONE.
33.

What are Semantic Networks?(a) A way of representing knowledge(b) Data Structure(c) Data Type(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in semester exam.I need to ask this question from Semantic Net topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (a) A WAY of REPRESENTING knowledge

For explanation I WOULD say: None.
34.

GERMWATCHER is used to control infections caused by bacteria.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question in an interview for internship.My query is from Rule Based System in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (a) True

For explanation I would SAY: NONE.
35.

CaDet is used for early cancer detection.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in unit test.Enquiry is from Rule Based System in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (a) True

The EXPLANATION is: NONE.
36.

MYSIN attempts to recommend appropriate therapies for patients with bacterial infections.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in a national level competition.Enquiry is from Rule Based System in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (a) True

To EXPLAIN: NONE.

37.

There are primarily two modes for an inference engine: forward chaining and backward chaining.(a) True(b) FalseI had been asked this question in a job interview.I want to ask this question from Rule Based System in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) True

Explanation: NONE.

38.

PXDES is medical expert system, for diagnosis of lung disease.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was asked during a job interview.The query is from Rule Based System in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (a) True

Easy EXPLANATION: NONE.

39.

What are the main components of the expert systems?(a) Inference Engine(b) Knowledge Base(c) Inference Engine & Knowledge Base(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during an internship interview.This question is from Rule Based System in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct answer is (c) Inference Engine & Knowledge Base

The explanation: LOOK at the GENERAL architecture of rule BASED expert systems.

40.

_________ is/are the well known Expert System/s for medical diagnosis systems.(a) MYSIN(b) CADUCEUS(c) DENDRAL(d) SMH.PALThis question was addressed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.The doubt is from Rule Based System in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (a) MYSIN

Best EXPLANATION: NONE.
41.

Which of the following are the applications of Expert systems?(a) Disease Diagnosis(b) Planning and Scheduling(c) Decision making(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me during an internship interview.This key question is from Rule Based System topic in section Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned

To ELABORATE: NONE.
42.

An expert system is a computer program that contains some of the subject-specific knowledge of one or more human experts.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question in an internship interview.The origin of the question is Rule Based System in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (a) True

Easy EXPLANATION: NONE.
43.

Autonomous Question/Answering systems are ________________(a) Expert Systems(b) Rule Based Expert Systems(c) Decision Tree Based Systems(d) All of the mentionedI got this question in an internship interview.Enquiry is from Rule Based System topic in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: NONE.

44.

___________ trees can be used to infer in Horn clause systems.(a) Min/Max Tree(b) And/Or Trees(c) Minimum Spanning Trees(d) Binary Search TreesThe question was asked at a job interview.The query is from Rule Based System in division Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (b) And/Or TREES

The best EXPLANATION: TAKE the analogy using min/max trees in game THEORY.

45.

A Horn clause is a clause with _______ positive literal.(a) At least one(b) At most one(c) None(d) AllThis question was addressed to me in a job interview.My question is taken from Rule Based System in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct answer is (B) At most one

To EXPLAIN: REFER to the definition of Horn CLAUSES.

46.

In a backward chaining system, you start with some hypothesis (or goal) you are trying to prove, and keep looking for rules that would allow you to conclude that hypothesis, perhaps setting new sub-goals to prove as you go.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in an interview for internship.Question is from Rule Based System in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (a) True

To explain I would SAY: NONE.

47.

Forward chaining systems are _____________ where as backward chaining systems are ___________(a) Goal-driven, goal-driven(b) Goal-driven, data-driven(c) Data-driven, goal-driven(d) Data-driven, data-drivenThis question was posed to me during an interview.Question is from Rule Based System in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (C) Data-driven, goal-driven

Explanation: NONE.

48.

In a backward chaining system you start with the initial facts, and keep using the rules to draw new conclusions (or take certain actions) given those facts.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.I'd like to ask this question from Rule Based System in chapter Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right option is (b) False

For EXPLANATION: Refer the DEFINITION of BACKWARD CHAINING.

49.

A rule-based system consists of a bunch of IF-THEN rules.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.This is a very interesting question from Rule Based System topic in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) True

To explain I would say: NONE.

50.

Instead of representing knowledge in a relatively declarative, static way (as a bunch of things that are true), rule-based system represent knowledge in terms of___________ that tell you what you should do or what you could conclude in different situations.(a) Raw Text(b) A bunch of rules(c) Summarized Text(d) Collection of various TextsThe question was posed to me in an interview.My query is from Rule Based System in portion Knowledge and Reasoning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (b) A BUNCH of rules

Best EXPLANATION: NONE.