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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

Which method can’t be used for expressing relational knowledge?(a) Literal system(b) Variable-based system(c) Attribute-based system(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in semester exam.Query is from Inductive logic programming topic in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT option is (C) Attribute-based system

For explanation: ILP methods can LEARN RELATIONAL knowledge that is not expressible in attribute-based system.
2.

Which approach is used for refining a very general rule through ILP?(a) Top-down approach(b) Bottom-up approach(c) Both Top-down & Bottom-up approach(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in unit test.This intriguing question originated from Inductive logic programming in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Top-down approach

Easiest EXPLANATION: NONE.
3.

How many literals are available in top-down inductive learning methods?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4I got this question during an online exam.The question is from Inductive logic programming in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT answer is (C) 3

Easy explanation: The three LITERALS are available in top-down inductive learning methods are predicates, equality and INEQUALITY and arithmetic literals.
4.

Which inverts a complete resolution strategy?(a) Inverse resolution(b) Resolution(c) Trilogy(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in semester exam.This key question is from Inductive logic programming topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT answer is (a) INVERSE resolution

The EXPLANATION: Because it is a complete algorithm for LEARNING first-order theories.

5.

What need to be satisfied in inductive logic programming?(a) Constraint(b) Entailment constraint(c) Both Constraint & Entailment constraint(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked by my college professor while I was bunking the class.Query is from Inductive logic programming topic in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT answer is (b) ENTAILMENT CONSTRAINT

Easiest explanation: The objective of an ILP is to come up with a set of sentences for the HYPOTHESIS such that the entailment constraint is SATISFIED.
6.

Which produces hypotheses that are easy to read for humans?(a) ILP(b) Artificial intelligence(c) Propositional logic(d) First-order logicThe question was posed to me in a job interview.My query is from Inductive logic programming in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right OPTION is (a) ILP

Explanation: Because ILP can participate in the scientific CYCLE of experimentation, So that it can PRODUCE FLEXIBLE structure.

7.

Which is an appropriate language for describing the relationships?(a) First-order logic(b) Propositional logic(c) ILP(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during a job interview.Asked question is from Inductive logic programming topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (a) First-order logic

The EXPLANATION: NONE.
8.

Which cannot be represented by a set of attributes?(a) Program(b) Three-dimensional configuration of a protein molecule(c) Agents(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in my homework.This key question is from Inductive logic programming in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct choice is (b) Three-dimensional configuration of a PROTEIN molecule

Best explanation: Because the configuration INHERENTLY refers to RELATIONSHIPS between OBJECTS.

9.

Which combines inductive methods with the power of first-order representations?(a) Inductive programming(b) Logic programming(c) Inductive logic programming(d) Lisp programmingI had been asked this question during an interview.The above asked question is from Inductive logic programming in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct answer is (c) INDUCTIVE logic programming

The explanation is: Inductive logic programming(ILP) combines inductive methods with the POWER of first-order representations.

10.

How many reasons are available for the popularity of ILP?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4This question was posed to me during an online interview.I would like to ask this question from Inductive logic programming in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct option is (c) 3

To elaborate: The three reasons available for the popularity of ILP are GENERAL knowledge, Complete ALGORITHM and HYPOTHESES.

11.

End Nodes are represented by __________(a) Disks(b) Squares(c) Circles(d) TrianglesI have been asked this question during an internship interview.This question is from Decision Trees in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (d) Triangles

To explain I would say: NONE.

12.

Chance Nodes are represented by __________(a) Disks(b) Squares(c) Circles(d) TrianglesThis question was posed to me in an online interview.Question is taken from Decision Trees topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (C) Circles

The EXPLANATION is: NONE.
13.

Choose from the following that are Decision Tree nodes?(a) Decision Nodes(b) End Nodes(c) Chance Nodes(d) All of the mentionedI got this question in my homework.Query is from Decision Trees topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right OPTION is (d) All of the mentioned

For EXPLANATION I would say: NONE.

14.

Decision Nodes are represented by ____________(a) Disks(b) Squares(c) Circles(d) TrianglesThis question was posed to me in homework.Query is from Decision Trees topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (B) Squares

To ELABORATE: NONE.

15.

Decision Trees can be used for Classification Tasks.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in examination.This intriguing question comes from Decision Trees in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT ANSWER is (a) True

Explanation: NONE.
16.

What is Decision Tree?(a) Flow-Chart(b) Structure in which internal node represents test on an attribute, each branch represents outcome of test and each leaf node represents class label(c) Flow-Chart & Structure in which internal node represents test on an attribute, each branch represents outcome of test and each leaf node represents class label(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an online quiz.This is a very interesting question from Decision Trees topic in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct CHOICE is (C) Flow-Chart & Structure in which internal node represents test on an attribute, each branch represents OUTCOME of test and each leaf node represents CLASS label

The best I can explain: Refer the definition of Decision tree.

17.

Decision Tree is a display of an algorithm.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was asked during a job interview.I need to ask this question from Decision Trees topic in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (a) True

Best EXPLANATION: NONE.

18.

A _________ is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility.(a) Decision tree(b) Graphs(c) Trees(d) Neural NetworksThis question was posed to me during an online interview.Question is taken from Decision Trees topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) DECISION TREE

To explain I WOULD say: REFER the definition of Decision tree.
19.

The network that involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers is called _________(a) Self organizing maps(b) Perceptrons(c) Recurrent neural network(d) Multi layered perceptronI have been asked this question at a job interview.I want to ask this question from Neural Networks topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct answer is (c) Recurrent neural network

Easy EXPLANATION: RNN (Recurrent neural network) topology involves BACKWARD LINKS from OUTPUT to the input and hidden layers.

20.

What is the name of the function in the following statement “A perceptron adds up all the weighted inputs it receives, and if it exceeds a certain value, it outputs a 1, otherwise it just outputs a 0”?(a) Step function(b) Heaviside function(c) Logistic function(d) Perceptron functionI had been asked this question in an online interview.My question is based upon Neural Networks topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (b) HEAVISIDE function

Best explanation: Also known as the STEP function – so answer 1 is also right. It is a hard thresholding function, either on or off with no in-between.

21.

Having multiple perceptrons can actually solve the XOR problem satisfactorily: this is because each perceptron can partition off a linear part of the space itself, and they can then combine their results.(a) True – this works always, and these multiple perceptrons learn to classify even complex problems(b) False – perceptrons are mathematically incapable of solving linearly inseparable functions, no matter what you do(c) True – perceptrons can do this but are unable to learn to do it – they have to be explicitly hand-coded(d) False – just having a single perceptron is enoughThis question was addressed to me in unit test.Asked question is from Neural Networks in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right answer is (C) TRUE – perceptrons can do this but are UNABLE to LEARN to do it – they have to be explicitly hand-coded

Easy explanation: NONE.

22.

A perceptron adds up all the weighted inputs it receives, and if it exceeds a certain value, it outputs a 1, otherwise it just outputs a 0.(a) True(b) False(c) Sometimes – it can also output intermediate values as well(d) Can’t sayThe question was asked in homework.I need to ask this question from Neural Networks in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (a) True

For explanation: YES the perceptron WORKS LIKE that.

23.

Why is the XOR problem exceptionally interesting to neural network researchers?(a) Because it can be expressed in a way that allows you to use a neural network(b) Because it is complex binary operation that cannot be solved using neural networks(c) Because it can be solved by a single layer perceptron(d) Because itis the simplest linearly inseparable problem that exists.I had been asked this question in exam.Enquiry is from Neural Networks in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right answer is (d) Because ITIS the SIMPLEST LINEARLY inseparable problem that exists.

To elaborate: NONE.

24.

Which of the following is not the promise of artificial neural network?(a) It can explain result(b) It can survive the failure of some nodes(c) It has inherent parallelism(d) It can handle noiseI have been asked this question in final exam.Origin of the question is Neural Networks in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (a) It can explain result

Easy EXPLANATION: The artificial NEURAL Network (ANN) cannot explain result.

25.

Why are linearly separable problems of interest of neural network researchers?(a) Because they are the only class of problem that network can solve successfully(b) Because they are the only class of problem that Perceptron can solve successfully(c) Because they are the only mathematical functions that are continue(d) Because they are the only mathematical functions you can drawI had been asked this question in exam.My question is taken from Neural Networks in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right option is (B) Because they are the only class of problem that PERCEPTRON can solve successfully

Best explanation: Linearly separable problems of INTEREST of neural NETWORK researchers because they are the only class of problem that Perceptron can solve successfully.

26.

Neural Networks are complex ______________ with many parameters.(a) Linear Functions(b) Nonlinear Functions(c) Discrete Functions(d) Exponential FunctionsThe question was asked by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Neural Networks in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right choice is (a) LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Explanation: NEURAL networks are complex linear functions with MANY PARAMETERS.

27.

What is back propagation?(a) It is another name given to the curvy function in the perceptron(b) It is the transmission of error back through the network to adjust the inputs(c) It is the transmission of error back through the network to allow weights to be adjusted so that the network can learn(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.This interesting question is from Neural Networks in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» RIGHT choice is (c) It is the TRANSMISSION of ERROR back through the NETWORK to allow weights to be adjusted so that the network can learn

For EXPLANATION I would say: Back propagation is the transmission of error back through the network to allow weights to be adjusted so that the network can learn.
28.

A 4-input neuron has weights 1, 2, 3 and 4. The transfer function is linear with the constant of proportionality being equal to 2. The inputs are 4, 10, 5 and 20 respectively. What will be the output?(a) 238(b) 76(c) 119(d) 123I have been asked this question at a job interview.I'd like to ask this question from Neural Networks in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct choice is (a) 238

The EXPLANATION: The output is found by multiplying the weights with their respective inputs, summing the results and multiplying with the transfer function. THEREFORE:

Output = 2 * (1*4 + 2*10 + 3*5 + 4*20) = 238.

29.

What is an auto-associative network?(a) a neural network that contains no loops(b) a neural network that contains feedback(c) a neural network that has only one loop(d) a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processingThis question was posed to me during an online exam.Origin of the question is Neural Networks topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right choice is (b) a NEURAL network that CONTAINS feedback

Best explanation: An auto-associative network is EQUIVALENT to a neural network that contains feedback. The NUMBER of feedback paths(loops) does not have to be one.

30.

Which is true for neural networks?(a) It has set of nodes and connections(b) Each node computes it’s weighted input(c) Node could be in excited state or non-excited state(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Neural Networks in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (d) All of the MENTIONED

The EXPLANATION is: All mentioned are the characteristics of neural network.
31.

What is perceptron?(a) a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing(b) an auto-associative neural network(c) a double layer auto-associative neural network(d) a neural network that contains feedbackI got this question in quiz.My question is taken from Neural Networks topic in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct option is (a) a SINGLE layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing

Easiest explanation: The PERCEPTRON is a single layer feed-forward neural network. It is not an auto-associative network because it has no feedback and is not a MULTIPLE layer neural network because the pre-processing stage is not made of neurons.

32.

A 3-input neuron is trained to output a zero when the input is 110 and a one when the input is 111. After generalization, the output will be zero when and only when the input is?(a) 000 or 110 or 011 or 101(b) 010 or 100 or 110 or 101(c) 000 or 010 or 110 or 100(d) 100 or 111 or 101 or 001The question was posed to me during an online exam.This intriguing question comes from Neural Networks topic in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (c) 000 or 010 or 110 or 100

The BEST EXPLANATION: The truth table before generalization is:

33.

Which of the following statement is true?(a) Not all formal languages are context-free(b) All formal languages are Context free(c) All formal languages are like natural language(d) Natural languages are context-oriented freeI have been asked this question in an online quiz.This intriguing question comes from Learning topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Not all FORMAL languages are context-free

For EXPLANATION I WOULD say: Not all formal languages are context-free.

34.

A perceptron is a ______________(a) Feed-forward neural network(b) Backpropagation algorithm(c) Backtracking algorithm(d) Feed Forward-backward algorithmI had been asked this question in a job interview.Enquiry is from Learning in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct option is (a) Feed-forward NEURAL network

Best explanation: A PERCEPTRON is a Feed-forward neural network with no hidden units that can be representing only LINEAR separable functions. If the data are linearly separable, a simple weight updated RULE can be used to fit the data EXACTLY.

35.

Neural Networks are complex ______________with many parameters.(a) Linear Functions(b) Nonlinear Functions(c) Discrete Functions(d) Exponential FunctionsI got this question in exam.The question is from Learning in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (b) Nonlinear Functions

Explanation: NEURAL networks parameters can be learned from NOISY data and they have been used for thousands of applications, so it varies from PROBLEM to problem and thus USE nonlinear functions.

36.

If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact, it is negative, we call it __________(a) A consistent hypothesis(b) A false negative hypothesis(c) A false positive hypothesis(d) A specialized hypothesisI got this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Learning in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (c) A false positive hypothesis

To explain I would say: Consistent hypothesis GO with examples, If the hypothesis SAYS it should be negative but infect it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact, it is negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need to have CERTAIN restrict or special CONDITIONS.

37.

Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity of __________(a) Unsupervised Learning(b) Inductive learning(c) Forced based learning(d) Weak learningI have been asked this question in an internship interview.The question is from Learning in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct choice is (b) Inductive learning

Easy explanation: COMPUTATIONAL learning theory ANALYZES the SAMPLE complexity and computational complexity of inductive learning. There is a tradeoff between the expressiveness of the HYPOTHESIS LANGUAGE and the ease of learning.

38.

In an Unsupervised learning ____________(a) Specific output values are given(b) Specific output values are not given(c) No specific Inputs are given(d) Both inputs and outputs are givenI got this question in an online quiz.My query is from Learning in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer» CORRECT choice is (b) SPECIFIC output values are not given

To explain: The PROBLEM of unsupervised learning involves learning PATTERNS in the input when no specific output values are supplied. We cannot expect the specific output to test your result. Here the agent does not know what to do, as he is not aware of the fact what propose system will come out. We can say an ambiguous un-proposed SITUATION.
39.

Inductive learning involves finding a __________(a) Consistent Hypothesis(b) Inconsistent Hypothesis(c) Regular Hypothesis(d) Irregular HypothesisI had been asked this question at a job interview.The doubt is from Learning in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) CONSISTENT Hypothesis

For explanation: INDUCTIVE learning INVOLVES finding a consistent hypothesis that agrees with examples. The difficulty of the task depends on the chosen REPRESENTATION.

40.

How is Fuzzy Logic different from conventional control methods?(a) IF and THEN Approach(b) FOR Approach(c) WHILE Approach(d) DO ApproachThe question was posed to me in quiz.My enquiry is from Learning in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) IF and THEN Approach

The explanation: FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system MATHEMATICALLY.

41.

Which of the following is not an application of learning?(a) Data mining(b) WWW(c) Speech recognition(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an interview.Enquiry is from Learning topic in chapter Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (d) None of the MENTIONED

Best EXPLANATION: All mentioned options are applications of learning.

42.

Which is not a desirable property of a logical rule-based system?(a) Locality(b) Attachment(c) Detachment(d) Truth-FunctionalityI got this question in an internship interview.Question is taken from Learning topic in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (B) Attachment

Easy explanation: Locality: In logical systems, whenever we have a rule of the form A => B, we can conclude B, given evidence A, without worrying about any other rules. Detachment: Once a logical proof is FOUND for a proposition B, the proposition can be used regardless of how it was derived .That is, it can be detachment from its justification. Truth-functionality: In logic, the truth of COMPLEX sentences can be computed from the truth of the COMPONENTS. However, there are no Attachment properties lies in a Rule-based system. Global attribute defines a PARTICULAR problem space as user specific and changes according to user’s plan to problem.

43.

Which of the following is the component of learning system?(a) Goal(b) Model(c) Learning rules(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an interview.The above asked question is from Learning in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right answer is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: GOAL, model, learning RULES and EXPERIENCE are the COMPONENTS of learning system.

44.

Decision trees are appropriate for the problems where ___________(a) Attributes are both numeric and nominal(b) Target function takes on a discrete number of values.(c) Data may have errors(d) All of the mentionedI had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.My doubt stems from Learning in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

Easy explanation: DECISION TREES can be used in all the CONDITIONS stated.

45.

In which of the following learning the teacher returns reward and punishment to learner?(a) Active learning(b) Reinforcement learning(c) Supervised learning(d) Unsupervised learningI got this question in my homework.This intriguing question comes from Learning topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Right answer is (b) REINFORCEMENT learning

To explain: Reinforcement learning is the type of learning in which teacher returns reward or PUNISHMENT to learner.

46.

Which of the following is an example of active learning?(a) News Recommender system(b) Dust cleaning machine(c) Automated vehicle(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an online quiz.Enquiry is from Learning in section Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (a) News Recommender system

Easy explanation: In active learning, not only the teacher is available but the LEARNER can ASK suitable perception-action pair examples to improve PERFORMANCE.

47.

Automated vehicle is an example of ______(a) Supervised learning(b) Unsupervised learning(c) Active learning(d) Reinforcement learningThis question was addressed to me in an internship interview.My question is from Learning topic in division Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (a) Supervised learning

To explain I would say: In automatic vehicle set of vision inputs and corresponding actions are available to learner HENCE it’s an example of supervised learning.

48.

Which of the following is the model used for learning?(a) Decision trees(b) Neural networks(c) Propositional and FOL rules(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question in an interview for job.This key question is from Learning in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: Decision trees, Neural NETWORKS, PROPOSITIONAL rules and FOL rules all are the models of LEARNING.

49.

Which of the following does not include different learning methods?(a) Memorization(b) Analogy(c) Deduction(d) IntroductionI had been asked this question in exam.Query is from Learning topic in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

The correct answer is (d) Introduction

The BEST explanation: Different learning methods INCLUDE memorization, ANALOGY and deduction.

50.

Factors which affect the performance of learner system does not include?(a) Representation scheme used(b) Training scenario(c) Type of feedback(d) Good data structuresI got this question during an online interview.The above asked question is from Learning in portion Learning of Artificial Intelligence

Answer»

Correct option is (d) Good data STRUCTURES

Explanation: FACTORS which AFFECT the performance of LEARNER system does not include good data structures.