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Swallow Holes, Uvalas, Dolines, Poljis are the other erosional features.

The snow line is at the sea level in Polar regions because higher the latitude lower the snow line from sea level.

The reasons are, 

1. The river splits into a number of channels called distributaries. 

2. The river brings down loads of debris from its upper and middle. 

3. The river deposits and develop typical landforms like Delta and Estuary.

On tropical mountains the snowline may be as high as 500 mts, but when traced poleward it descends to 2700 mts in the European Alps to 600 meters in Greenland and just to se-a level near the poles

Yes, wind is the only gradational agent in the desert.

e.g.

Erosional activity: Yardung

Depositional activity: Sand Dimes.

Biological weathering occurs due to the penetration and expansion of plant roots, earth worms, burrowing animals (rabbits and rats) and some human activities.

1. Chemical is predominant in hot and humid zones because the warm temperature and rainfall increases the chemical weathering.

2. It encourages the decomposition of plant matter to produce chemicals such as humic acids and CO₂ These chemicals increases the rate of weathering.

1. Yes, weathering a pre-requisite in the formation of soil. 

2. The rock materials in due course of time are weathered further to form soil. 

3. Soil is a mixture of disintegrated rock material

Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of materials of the earth’s crust by their exposure to atmosphere.

There are three types of weathering, 

(a) Physical weathering, 

(b) Chemical weathering 

(c) Biological weathering

Physical weathering: It is the breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition, through the action of physical forces. The constant freezing and thawing of rocks during the night and day leads to the expansion and contraction of rocks. Cracks are formed and disintegration occurs eventually. Exfoliation, block disintegration, granular disintegration etc., are the different types of weathering.

Chemical weathering: Disintegration and decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions is called Chemical Weathering. This is predominantly high in the hot and humid regions such as the equatorial, tropical and sub tropical zones. Chemical weathering takes place through the processes of oxidation, carbonation, solution, and hydfation. The agents of Chemical weathering are Oxygen, Carbon-dioxide and Hydrogen.

Biological weathering: Biological weathering occurs due to the penetration and expansion of plant roots, earthworms, burrowing animals (rabbits, rats) and some human activities.

(c) gradation

(a) Statement I is false II is true

(c) is right

(c) Sea waves

Granular disintegration takes place in crystalline rocks where the grains of the rocks become loose and fall out. This is due to the action of temperature & frost.

1. (e) 

2. (a) 

3. (d) 

4. (b) 

5. (a)

• It was the result of the Indo-Australian plate subducting below the Eurasian plate. 
• It was caused by an Earthquake measuring a magnitude of above 9 in the Richter scale. Hence the sea floor was uplifted, displacing the sea water above.

Active volcanoes are those which constantly eject volcanic lava, gases and fragmented materials, e g., Mount St. Helens in the United states.

• The internal processes generate heat and eject materials from deep below the Earth’s crust.
• Internal radio activity in the principal source of power for this process.

• Shield volcanoes are formed by intense viscous, lava. 
• These are shallow depositions with gently sloping sides.
• Hence the lava flows out in all directions to create a shield.

The science that deals with the physical structure and substances of the earth their history and the processes which act on them.

Correct Answer is: (a) Hypometer

a. Below the surface of the earth.

Correct Answer is:(c) Pent 

(d). Floating down

(d) St. Helenas

(b) Outer core

(a)  Volcano

(a) Lithosphere

c. Nickel and ferrous

The Crust is the rigid outer layer of the Earth.

Correct Answer is: (d) The crust

The word ‘Igneous’ is derived from the Latin word.

Crust is the store house of rocks.

(a) Gondwana

Crater refers to a bowl-shaped depression found at the top of the volcano.

Barchans are semi – circular or crescent shaped sand deposits most common in the deserts.

The movement of plates that creates stress and tension in the rocks causing them to stretch and cracks result in fault

There are five types of spring. They are: 

• Perennial spring 
• Intermittent spring Hot springs. 
• Geyser 
• Artesian wells.

The mantle is the second and the middle layer of the earth.