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d) All round development

The characteristics are- 

• Statistics are aggregate of facts. … 
• Statistics are affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes. 
• Statistics are numerically expressed. 
• Statistics are enumerated or estimated according to a reasonable standard of accuracy.
• Statistics are collected in a systematic manner. 
• Statistics are collected for a pre-determined purpose. 
• Statistics should be placed in relation to each other.

In plural sense an exhaustive definition was given by prof. Horace secrists as “Statistics may be defined as the aggregate of facts affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes, numerically expressed, enumerated or estimated according to a reasonable standard of accuracy, collected in a systematic manner, for a predetermined purpose and placed in relation to each other.

(a) J.F. Williams

A.L. Bowley defined Statistics as ‘The Science of counting’. Afterwards, he redefined it as ‘The science of averages ’, Croxton and Cowden defines “ Statistics is the science of collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data .”

Correct Answer is: (d) City-state

Egyptians, Babylonians, Persians, Indians and Chinese failed to develop political ideas systematically.

Political science studies the origin and nature of state and forms of political institutions.

1. Political science helps to understand the birth and grow of a state 

2. It provides Information about the structure and functions of the state and government 

3. Political science helps to understand about the organs of the government

1. Polis 

2. Plato 

3. The politics 

4. Arthashastra

Aristotle, the ancient Greek thinker and the student of plato is regarded as the “Father of political science’ for his valuable contributions to its growth and development.

The important organs of the government are: 

• Legislature
• Executive and 
• Judiciary

The study of state is the main subject matter of political science

Correct Answer is: (c) Greeks

Correct Answer is: (a) Plato

1. Pure capitalism is not seen in the world. 

2. Government has assumed an active role in economic development. 

3. Profit is main aim of capitalism. 

4. Small industries cannot compets with the large industries. 

5. Sometimes workers will become unemployee. 

6. Inequal distribution of wealth.

1. Developed economy 

2. Developing economy

Government is selling its shares of public sector inducstries, which is called disinvestment.

When productive resources are owned and controlled by the government to promote the overall interest of the society. It is called a socialist system.

1. Production units owned by the government which work with welfare objective. 

2. It also regulates the activities of private sector througli various policies such as licensing policy taxation policy, price policy, monetary policy and fiscal policy.

1. Low on the ladder of development 

2. The national and per capital income low 

3. Backward in agriculture and industries 

4. They have low standard of living 

5. Poor health and sanitation 

6. High birth and death rates 

7. Poor infrastructure.

1. Private property 

2. Freedom of enterprises 

3. Consumers sovereignty 

4. Profit motive 

5. Competition 

6. Absence of government

1. Economic activities

2. 2015

3. Capitalist

4. U.S.A

5. Mixed economy.

(d) All the above

Correct Answer is: (a) Polis

Aristotle is called the Father of Political Science.

The Greeks began the systematic study of Political Science.

1. Political science develops political consciousness among the people 

2. The knowledge of political science helps leader and civil servants to understand and solve the problems of the people effectively. 

3. Political science helps to understand the important political institutions like political parties, federation and local bodies 

4. Political science deals with ideologies which inspire and influence political involvement of people. 

5. The knowledge of political science helps to raise good leadership and good citizenry 

6. Political science helps to understand the birth and grow of a state. 

7. It provides information about the structure and functions of the state and government. 

8. It provides knowledge of the constitutions and laws of the state.