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Quantifier OPERATIONS in LINQ are those which return a Boolean VALUE, i.e. True or False on execution.

• All()
• Any()
• CONTAINS()

Entity CLASSES are the fundamental BUILDING blocks of SYSTEMS developed on LINQ. In this, the entity classes, which are basically an object wrapper for any database table, have a stereotype of the entity.

The anonymous function in LINQ is a function which is USED once and for a limited number of TIMES. This function is not bound to an identifier. With the help of anonymous function number of functions are created which have no specified time. 17. What is deferred execution in Linq?

In LINQ, a Deferred Execution basically MEANS that there is a delay in the evaluation of an expression and shall be realized only when the user needs it.

Following are the difference between TAKE and SKIP CLAUSE

1. Take clause- Take clause in LINQ is USED to RETURN a specific number of elements.

2. Skip clause- Skip clause is used to skip the specified number of elements in the QUERY and return rest all of the present elements.

Following is the difference between SQL and LINQ queries-

1. SQL- The main return type of LOCAL variable that holds query in SQL is IQueryable. Moreover, it is a STRUCTURED Query Language USED for the MANIPULATION of data.

2. LINQ- The main return type of local variable that holds query in LINQ is IEnumerable. Moreover, it translates the query into EQUIVALENT SQL queries and sends them for processing to the server.

LINQ is an abbreviated FORM of Language Integrated Query, which is a part of the language USED to used provide seamless and consistent access to a number of data SOURCES such as XML and databases. LINQ is categorized into three varieties namely LINQ (C#), LINQ providers (LINQ to SQL, LINQ to XML and LINQ to Objects), and data sources (collections, SQL and XML)

LINQ is used to make the code readable and compact and it is used to query different types of data sources. likewise, it is familiar language, required less CODING, readable code, compile-time safety, IntelliSense support and shaping up of data support.

PLINQ stands for PARALLEL LINQ which is a query execution engine that DRIVES and manages their operations on the top of the managed environment of .NET.

A compiled query in LINQ is actually a cached VERSION of the ORIGINAL query which is used to get similar results. After writing the query, for the FIRST time it is parsed for any ERRORS in LINQ and then converted into its SQL version and finally added as cache.

In LINQ, an Expression TREE is nothing but EXPRESSIONS SYSTEMATICALLY organized in a tree-like DATA structure. Here, each node in an expression tree relates to expression. This is just like an in-memory representation of a lambda expression in which only the actual ELEMENTS of the query are held and not the result of the query.

LINQ is BENEFICIAL than STORED PROCEDURE DUE to-

• Debugging
• Type safety
• Deployment

Action in LINQ is a delegate TYPE that is used to DECLARE delegate VARIABLES without any need to define a custom type. The Action types that represent delegate without return value are the Action types in the SYSTEM namespace

The QUERY is an expression which is used to recover data from a VARIETY of data SOURCES and query can be expressed in specialized languages.

• Get data source
• Create Query
• Execution of Query

• Take lambda expression with an index parameter
• Depend on the PROPERTIES of sequential rows
• Depend on the CLR implementation

• LINQ to objects
• LINQ to dataset
• LINQ to XML (XLINQ)
• LINQ to entities
• LINQ to SQL (DLINQ)

Following are the difference between LINQ expression and LAMBDA expression

Use the FIRST() or FirstOrDefault() COMMAND to retrieve SINGLE row records in LINQ.

var USERS = (from U in dc.Users where u.UserName == usn select u).FirstOrDefault();

In LINQ, Select() and SelectMany() are projection OPERATORS. The use of a Select() OPERATOR is to select a value from a collection whereas the use of SelectMany() operator is to select values from a GROUP of collection, i.e. a nested collection.

public class PhoneNumber
{
    public string Number { GET; set; }
}
public class Person
{
   public IEnumerable PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
   public string Name { get; set; }
}
IEnumerable PEOPLE = new List();
IEnumerable> phoneLists = people.Select(p => p.PhoneNumbers);
IEnumerable phoneNumbers = people.SelectMany(p => p.PhoneNumbers);
var directory = people .SelectMany(p => p.PhoneNumbers,
(parent, child) => new { parent.Name, child.Number });

Samaccountname is an ATTRIBUTE which is USED to support CLIENTS and servers from the previous version of WINDOWS.

USERS can FIND CN in active Directory by performing the FOLLOWING steps –

• Open WINDOWS COMMAND prompt/control panel
• Run the query dsquery user – name
• CN will be displayed on the screen

Users can CHECK OU in Active Directory by taking account of permission from the administrator. Likewise, users can also check the ORGANIZATIONAL structure by LOGIN into the Active Directory account.

In the active directory, OU is an Organisational UNIT which is a SUBSET of Active Directory. In OU users can ABLE to store users, groups and organizational units. In order to mirror the organizational FUNCTION, OU is CREATED.

Active DIRECTORY uses EXTENSIBLE STORAGE Engines TYPE of DATABASE.

SCM is a Security Control Mechanism, as it securely authenticates the user against any DOMAIN in Active DIRECTORY. ADDITIONALLY, it establishes users identity by PERFORMING LDAP search on active directory.

4. Kerberos is a network authentication control PROTOCOL which is designed to PROVIDE a strong SECURITY control mechanism to users by using secret-key cryptography.

Steps need to be performed in order to use Kerberos in ACTIVE directory.

• Enter the first name of the user
• Log in with the name
• Enter the password and confirm your password
• Verify REQUIRE per authentication checkbox

KDC is a KERBEROS key DISTRIBUTION center which provides temporary session keys to the intended users within an ACTIVE Directory domain. It operates on each CONTROLLER domain as a PART of Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).

LDAP and Kerberos are the DEFAULT PROTOCOLS used in DIRECTORY devices. These are the directory access protocol, used to exchange directory information from the server to clients or from server to server.

In WPF dependency PROPERTY is used to extend CLR property. This is a special type of FUNCTIONALITY that WPF supports. A CLASS in which dependency property is defined can be inherited with the USE of DependencyObject class.

There are THREE TYPES of WINDOWS in WPF framework-

• Navigate WINDOW
• Page Window
• Normal Window

Prism is a PLATFORM or a framework which is USED to develop scalable, FLEXIBLE, maintainable, dynamic, loosely COUPLED XAML APPLICATION in WPF.

Freeable objects in WPF are distinct kind of OBJECT which POSSES two states.

• Frozen
• Unfrozen.

These objects can be used for the IMPROVEMENT of the PERFORMANCE LEVEL of the applications.

TRIGGERS are used to perform an action and to change the property value of the APPLICATION. In WPF there are five triggers namely-

• Property Trigger
• Multi Trigger
• Event Trigger
• MultiData Trigger
• Data Trigger