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Correct option is (c) Pneumatophores are present in maize and sugar cane that help them to RESPIRE easily

The best I can EXPLAIN: Roots undergo modifications to PERFORM conduction of WATER and minerals. Prop roots help in anchoring BANYAN tree to the ground. Pneumatophores are present in Rhizopora that help them to respire easily. Tap roots in turnip and carrot store food in their roots.

The correct answer is (a) In hypogynous flower, ovary is present at the lower most LEVEL when compared to sepals, petals and stamens

For EXPLANATION I WOULD SAY: In hypogynous flower, ovary is present at the uper most level when compared to sepals, petals and stamens. In perigynous flower, ovary is neither the bottom most whorl nor the top most whorl. Ovary in perigynous flower is called HALF superior ovary. Ovary in epigynous flower is called inferior ovary.

Right ANSWER is (c) G

To explain I WOULD say: In a flower a superior ovary is represented by G. Calyx is represented by K and corolla is represented by c. A REPRESENTS Androecium and ^– – –G^– – represents an inferior ovary. P refers to the PERIANTH in the flower.

The correct option is (a) True

Easiest explanation: Flowers are classified as UNISEXUAL or BISEXUAL flowers based on the presence of male/ female sex ORGANS. Flowers that posses either androecium (staminate) or gynoecium (pistillate) are CALLED unisexual flowers. Flowers that possess both androecium and gynoecium are called bisexual flowers.

Right answer is (d) Stem system includes fruits, flowers, buds and leaves etc

Best explanation: The region of stem where buds arise is called a NODE. The region between TWO consecutive NODES is called inter-node. Stem helps in conduction of WATER and nutrients between root and SHOOT. Shoot system includes fruits, flowers, buds and leaves etc.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (d) Climbing roots help in anchoring the plant to the soil

The best EXPLANATION: Climbing roots originate from nodes or internodes. They help plant climb on the surface. These roots secrete STICKY SUBSTANCES that help the plants to stick on the walls. Climbing roots don’t help in anchoring the plant to the soil.

The correct option is (C) HILUM

To EXPLAIN: A scar on seed COAT through which seed is attached to the fruit is called Hilum. The hilum on a BEAN seed is called an eye. It marks the former place of attachment of a seed.

The correct ANSWER is (B) Papilionoideae

To explain: Fabaceae was EARLIER known as Papilionoideae. They are mostly widespread throughout the WORLD and are sub-family of the family Leguminosae. They are found mostly as climber but sometimes can be EVEN erect.

Right answer is (d) The flowers in this kind GROW in basipetal fashion

To explain: Venation in FABACEAE is reticulate. They are found in almost every PART of the world. They belong to the family of Leguminosae. The flowers in this kind grow in acro-petal fashion.

The correct answer is (d) False fruits are ALSO called as superior fruit

To EXPLAIN I would say: Based on the origin of the fruit, fruits are classified into true fruits and false fruits. True fruits are those that develop from OVARY of a FLOWER. False fruits are those that develops from ovary and other parts. False fruits are also called as INFERIOR fruit.

The correct choice is (b) False

For EXPLANATION: China rose is an example of DIVERGENT palmate reticulate i.e. the leaf of China rose has MANY strong ribs and these ribs are DIVERGE from each other. However there are also leaves which exhibit convergent palmate reticulate like that of Anjeer.

Right answer is (c) Both the SHOOT and stem refers to the same part of a plant

The best explanation: Most of the times, tap roots BECOME swollen to store. Radish adopts fusiform to store food. Napiform is found in turnip and the root is spherical in the TOP and tapers in the BOTTOM. If the root is swollen in the middle and those that tapers on both the sides are called fusiform roots.

Right choice is (b) Stem thorns are woody and pointed structures that develop from apical buds and provides protection of plants

Explanation: Tendrils are TENDER and spirally COILED structures that arise from the axillary buds help in climbing of plants. Stem thorns are woody and pointed structures that develop from axial buds and provides protection of plants. Phylloclades are similar to stem thorns in structure but phylloclades are modification of leaves carry photosynthesis and also reduce TRANSPIRATION. In cladodes, only some part of stem is FLESHY and green and they are capable of PERFORMING photosynthesis.

Correct answer is (C) A plumule develops into roots

Easiest explanation: An embryo contains COTYLEDONS, radicle and plumule. Cotyledons store food and provide nourishment to the DEVELOPING plumule and radicle. A plumule develops into roots. Cotyledons are ALSO called as SEED leaves.

Right choice is (d) Carpel

For explanation: Petals are the colorful FLORAL parts that attract insects and promote pollination. Sepals are the green color leaf like structure that ensures protection to bud. PEDICEL is the stalk like structure that holds the LEAVES. Carpel is the female reproductive organ that produces ovum.

The correct ANSWER is (d) GULMOHAR flower is an example of twisted aestivation

To explain I would say: ARRANGEMENT of sepals or petals in a floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is called aestivation. In valvate aestivation, sepals or petals in a whorl just TOUCH each other at the margin, without OVERLAPPING. In twisted aestivation, margin of a sepal overlaps with that of the next one and so on in either clock-wise or counter clock-wise direction. Gulmohar flower is an example of imbricate aestivation.

The correct answer is (d) The edible part of ginger is a root

The explanation: Thick STEMS that grow HORIZONTALLY under the soil are rhizomes. Nodes and internodes are present in this kind of stem and the ADVENTITIOUS roots arise from the node. Rhizomes are unaffected during UNFAVOURABLE conditions. The edible part of ginger is the rhizome i.e. the underground stem.

Right ANSWER is (d) Stems in corn grow above the ground

Explanation: Weak stems are aerial stems that are further classified into TRAILER, creeper and climber. Stems in rhizome, tuber and BULB grow under the ground. In some plants, stems are modified into thorns for DEFENSE. Stems in corn grow under the ground.

The correct OPTION is (d) FLOATING ROOTS are present in cuscuta

To elaborate: In trapa, roots help in performing PHOTOSYNTHESIS. In few aquatic plants, roots are MODIFIED into spongy structure help in floating by maintaining buoyancy. In parasitic plants, haustorial roots penetrate into host to derive nutrition. Haustorial roots are present in cuscuta.

The correct choice is (a) True

Easy explanation: Dicotyledon seeds have TWO seed leaves. The WORD COTYLEDON means seed leaves. When a dicotyledonous seed germinates it initially gives rise to two seed leaves WHEREAS in monocotyledonous seed only a single leaf ARISES.

The correct ANSWER is (d) In endospermic seeds, EMBRYO gets absorbed and digested even before the seed gets detached from the PLANT

Easiest EXPLANATION: Endosperm is usually absorbed and digested by the developing embryo. Seeds that lack endosperm at maturity are called non-endospermic seeds. Seeds that CONTAIN endosperm are called endospermic seeds. In non-endospermic seeds, embryo gets absorbed and digested even before the seed gets detached from the plant.

The correct answer is (d) Sunflower is an example of epiphyllous

Best explanation: A STAMEN mainly contains of anther, filament and CONNECTIVE tissue. An anther is a bilobed structure PRESENT at the tip of filament with each lobe bearing 2 pollen sacs. Epipetalous flowers are those flowers in which STAMENS are ATTACHED to petals. Sunflower is an example of epipetalous.

Right answer is (C) Tridax is an example of diffused stem

To explain: Aerial stems can be classified into week stems and strong stems. Trailers are classified into PROCUMBENT, decumbent and diffuse BASED on the way they trail on the ground. Tridax is an example of decumbent stem. Climbers are those PLANTS that climb on any neighboring plants using modified stem structure called tendrils.

The correct answer is (a) True

For explanation: FLOWER is a modified shoot and is the REPRODUCTIVE organ in a flowering plant i.e. flowers are the vital organs in propagating the species of existing plants. The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is CALLED INFLORESCENCE.

Right option is (a) True

Explanation: Modification is necessary for plants to ENSURE that few specific functions other than WATER and mineral absorption. Some of these functions include food storage, SUPPORT and respiration.

The correct option is (C) In fibrous root SYSTEM, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present

Explanation: Tap root GROWS DEEP into the soil. Fibrous root grows laterally in the soil. In tap root system, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present. Most of the DICOTYLEDONS adopt tap root system.

Correct option is (d) Special tissue surrounding the endosperm is called the SEED coat

To elaborate: A monocotyledonous seed mainly comprises of seed coat, endosperm and aleurone layer. Seed coat is due to FUSION of pericarp. Endosperm comprises of starch required for the NOURISHMENT of the endosperm. Special tissue surrounding the endosperm is called the aleurone LAER.

Correct choice is (d) Trimerous FLOWERS

Explanation: Vexilary AESTIVATION is usually seen in PENTAMEROUS flowers. The LARGEST petal overlaps 2 smaller ones, which in TURN overlaps with the smallest petals. This kind of aestivation is found in pea flower.

The correct ANSWER is (a) modifications of LEAVES

The best I can explain: Spines in cactus are DUE to modifications of leaves. Cactuses are mainly found in arid regions. So, in order to reduce transpiration of water leaves modify themselves into spines.

The CORRECT option is (d) In pinnate reticulate, there are many strong ribs and these ribs can be either convergent or divergent

For explanation: Stipules are the leaf LIKE structure that grows on the leaf BASE. The margin of the lamina can be entire, wavy or notched and the tip of the lamina can be round, acute or obtuse. The ARRANGEMENT of veins and veinlets in the leaf is called venation and veins are the vascular tissues of leaves. In pinnate reticulate, only one strong mid-rib is present.

The CORRECT choice is (a) True

For explanation I would say: Endosperm provides nourishment to a developing EMBRYO and cotyledons PROVIDE nourishment to the developing radicle and plumule. Endosperm sometimes can be completely DIGESTED and absorbed before the seed gets detached.

Correct ANSWER is (c) Water melon is an example of multiple fruit

The explanation is: Multiple ovaries of multiple flowers FORM multiple fruits. Fruitlets of multiple and aggregate fruits can be either fleshy or DRY. Water melon is an example of multiple fruit. PERICARP in SIMPLE fleshy fruits is mostly fleshy.

Right choice is (a) True

Explanation: In potato, the swollen tuber is the edible in stems. Tubers HELP in the storage of food. The eyes in the potato are the nodes in the potato. The DISTANCE between two eyes is CALLED inter-node.

Right choice is (a) True

The best explanation: Roots in few huge trees are modifies to provide mechanical support. For example prop roots present in BANYAN tree, STILT roots present in sugarcane and MAIZE and CLIMBING roots in betel plant.