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(a) she had understood and adopted her husband’s outlook on the oneness of mankind

Answer is (a) strict

Answer is (b) angrily

(a) encourage him to be adventurous and fearless

Kalam owes his honesty and self-discipline to his father.

Kalam wanted to leave Rameswaram for further studies. He wanted to study at the district headquarters in Ramanathapuram.

(i) Kalam’s father, Jainulabdeen was not a wealthy or educated person. However, he was an honest and generous man, who possessed great innate wisdom. He was self-disciplined and avoided all inessential luxuries.

(ii) Kalam’s mother, Ashiamma was an ideal helpmate to her husband. She believed in goodness and profound kindness, and fed many people everyday.

(iii) The author describes himself as a short boy with undistinguished looks, who had a secure childhood. He is an honest and self- disciplined person, who believes in goodness and deep kindness.

Kalam used to wear a cap which marked him as a Muslim and Ramanadha Sastry wore a sacred thread which marked him to be a Brahmin. When the new teacher came he could not tolerate a Hindu priest’s son sitting with a Muslim boy. He ordered Kalam to go and sit on the back bench. This made Ramanadha sad. Abdul started to sit in the last row but it left a bad impression on Abdul. Both the kids narrated the incident to their parents. As a result the teacher was rebuked and reprimanded for spreading communalism and hatred among children.

System means system of discrimination on the basis of religion. The system includes the narrow-mindedness and poison of social inequality and communal intolerance. The Brahmins did not allow Muslims to enter their kitchen. The science teacher – a rebel by nature, invited Kalam to his home and proved that if one is determined to face problems and change the system, he will definitely succeed. Though, such indifferences come in everybody’s life but a person should have a broader outlook and overcome the obstacles.

Kalam’s father said that he knew that one day Kalam had to go away to grow. He gave him the analogy of a seagull that flies across the sun alone and without a nest. He then quoted Khalil Gibran to Kalam’s mother

The following are the meanings of the word trace:

1. Follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something.
2. Make a mark or lines on a surface.
3. To go back over again.
4. Pursue or chase relentlessly.
5. Find or discover through investigation.
6. Make one’s course or travel along a path; travel or pass over, around or along.
7. Read with difficulty.

The closest meaning of the word ‘trace’ in the text is ‘to find or discover through investigation’.

During the Second World War, the newspapers were bundled and thrown out of a moving train. He earned his first wages by helping his cousin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to catch these bundles.

A few things that can erupt are : anger, volcano, tooth, rash, riots, unrest, etc. Erupt has several meanings.

  Their explanation, with examples, is given as follows:

(1) Start unexpectedly
Example : Riots erupted in the city.

(2) Start to burn or burst into flames Example : The spark soon erupted into flames.

(3) Become active and spew forth lava and rocks
Example : The molten lava erupted out of the active volcano.

(4) Forceful and violent release of something pent up
Example : The difference in their views soon erupted in a fight.

(5) Sudden appearance on the skin Example : On the day of the party, a pimple erupted on her face.(6) Break out
Example : Eruption of the wisdom tooth gives a lot of pain.

Things that can surge are : pride, anxiety, waves, boats, army, etc. 

The several meanings it has can be explained with the following
Examples :

(1) Sudden forceful flow
Example : The boy drowned in the surging waves.
(2) Rise and move forward
Example : The army surged towards their enemy.
(3) Heave upward under the influence of a natural force Example : The boat surged in the high tide.
(4) See one’s performance improve Example : Hard work helped to surge Sandra’s scores.
(5) A sudden or abrupt strong increase
Example : The surge in the stock market left people in a shock.
(6) Rise rapidly
Example : As time passed, her tension surged.

Abdul Kalam’s house was on the Mosque Street in Rameswaram.

Kalam talked about free India, its development. He also talked about India that it must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power.

(a) at hand.

The three great minds with whom the speaker worked were Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, Prof. Satish Dhawan and Dr. Brahm Prakash.

Reply Letter:

Road No. 12, 

10-92, Ashok Enclaves, 

Flat No. 201, Church Road, 

Nidamanuru, 

Krishna District, 

A.R, India – 521 104. 

July 1, 2013.

Dear Moses,

Very happy to receive a letter from you after a long time. I am longing to see you in person. To visit India in October and November is the right time because the weather would be pleasant and quite comfortable to go around.

I am proud to tell you that India is a country with many historical places and varied cultural heritage. This secular state is well known to follow ‘Unity in Diversity’. In and around Hyderabad there are many places that represent Indian culture and tradition. Places like the Charminar, the Golkonda fort and Sultan bazar exhibit their historical significance and culture. The N.T.R. Marg. Buddha Statue depict the nationalism and heritage of love and peace.

I hope you will enjoy the trip to India. Places like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai in the north are sophisticated and places like Kerala, Rameshwaram, Kanyakumari and Karnataka in the south are pleasant and known for scenic beauty.

I eagerly wait for your arrival and I promise to make your trip a memorable one. 

Bye. See you soon ! 

Yours lovingly, 

Ravi

To 

Moses Bridge 

St. John’s Enclave. 

5-7/9, St. Paul’s Avenue, 

Washington D.C. 

USA.

(c) newspapers thrown from the moving train had to be collected

(c) withdrawal of train halt at Rameshwaram station

(b) cared and trained

(a)  secure.

a) Subramania Iyer’s wife – conservative, adamant, and orthodox 

(i) conservative – She could not invite Kalam to her house. 

(ii) adamant – She refused to serve meal to Kalam. 

(iii) orthodox – She remained in the kitchen when Kalam was served meal by Subramania Iyer.

b) Ashiamma – sociable, kind, secular, generous, simple, tolerant 

(i) sociable – She was friendly with all the people who visited her house. 

(ii) kind – She was kind with all the guests and family members. 

(iii) secular – Irrespective of the religious differences, Ashiamma fed all the people who came to her house. 

(iv) generous – She gave a secured emotional and material comforts to her children. 

(v) simple – Ashiamma was a good partner to her husband and led a simple and happy life with him. 

(vi) tolerant – She was tolerant towards the visitors and her children.

1. The picture shows two persons of different religions showing zeal to play together. The unified thought for a common purpose represents the country’s integrity and unity.

For ages people in India have been living with the feelings of fraternity and integrity. Historically India has been a land with people of many religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Christianity, etc. Still all Indians show brotherhood. India is a land of different races, tribes, castes, languages, customs and traditions. But there is oneness in all these things. Our country is a land of great physical and sociocultural contrasts marked by unity in diversity.

2. Yes. I experience the theme of unity in my real life but sometimes the unity disappears in certain situations. The reason for this can be orthodox feelings of certain people, superstitious and narrow-minded attitude of the people with rigid thoughts. While some people strive continuously to keep up the nation’s strength with verisimilitude, there are others who try to split the nation’s strength with blind beliefs and sunder the foundation.

a) The text is an autobiographical narrative.

b) The whole text focuses on the secular, national, and emotional feelings that were experienced by Kalam in his childhood. The feeling of Unity in Diversity was best inculcated in the minds of young Kalam and his friends. The image of brotherhood irrespective of caste, creed or religion is highlighted to indulge the joy of unity.

c) i) The situation in which Kalam earned money by selling tamarind seeds and catching paper bundles from the running train 

ii) Kalam’s friendship with Brahmin boys

iii) The ill-treatment of the new teacher towards Kalam and the warning given by Lakshmana Sastry to the new teacher not to show any discrimination that would spoil the minds of innocent children 

iv) The hospitality of Sivasubramania Iyer

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam called his childhood a secure one because he had loving and caring parents. He had all necessary things which included food, clothes, medicines, etc.

Kalam was born in a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram. His parents were poor and had no much formal education.

(a) that they used to feed more outsiders than all the members of the family put together. 

(b) all his material and emotional needs were fulfilled. 

(c) he was able to earn his first wages. 

(d) it was his own money earned for the first time. 

(e) honesty, self-discipline, faith in goodness and deep kindness. 

(f ) none of them felt any difference amongst themselves because of religious differences. 

(g) Lakshmana Sastry and Sivasubramania Iyer. 

(h) their narrow mindedness generate religious hatred. 

(i) they believe in communal harmony and brotherhood of mankind. 

(j) Sivasubramania Iyer’s wife took him inside her kitchen and served him food with her own hands.

Abdul Kalam was born in a middle class family at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen was a common, uneducated but wise and generous man by nature. Kalam’s mother Ashiamma was an ideal partner to her husband and equally generous to maintain hospitality towards guests and family members.

Jainulabdeen had a small ancestral pucca house in his town which was simple but comfortable. Kalam enjoyed a safe and secured childhood with all the basic needs satisfied.

During the Second World War in 1939, Kalam employed himself to earn an anna by collecting and selling tamarind seeds in the market. The effect of war, however, was not much on his town. Later he distributed newspapers and felt the pride of being self-reliant.

Despite being a Muslim, Kalam had three close friends from Brahmin families who equally showed the least concern towards religious differences. The stories of the Ramayana and life of the Prophet were bedtime stories imbibed in the heart of Abdul Kalam. As a token of secular idealism, Kalam’s family served Lord Rama during Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony.

The feeling of secularism was very strong among every inhabitant of the town. When Kalam was separated from his close friend Ramanadha Sastry by a new teacher, Sastry’s father instructed the teacher to maintain religious tolerance and social equality. Another incident that had a great impact on young Kalam was the change in the behaviour of his science teacher’s wife from rigid orthodoxy to social equality. The science teacher’s firm attitude to confront the problems of inequality and change the social systems impressed Kalam

When Samsuddin, the cousin of Abdul Kalam needed a person to catch the bundles of newspapers thrown from the running train between Rameshwaram and Dhanuskodi, Kalam could do that job successfully. He took up the job willingly and cleared the problem.

If one wants to bring a change in the social system, one should have patience, equanimity, perseverance, bravery and determination.

(a) came up.

(c) appeared suddenly

Answer is (a) place

a military power, an economic power

Answer is True.

Answer is (c) certain

1. income 

2. wages 

3. ignorant

4. innocent 

5. inherited, acquired 

6. mingle, mixed 

7. rigid, adamantly 8. stationary, stationery 

9. enveloped 

10.  envelope 

11. laid 

12. lied

(c) tolerate

(a) tolerate.

(c) dejected.

(a) was found suitable for the purpose

Yes, he deserved the treatment meted out to him. He was spreading the poison of communal intolerance among the young minds which was a serious crime. If a teacher indulges in such a mean act he deserves no sympathy.

(a) as our new teacher understood it

The writer used the linkers in order to bring the unity in the text. The linkers help to keep the ideas together, synchronize them and assiduously arrange them to make the text effective. They are the pivotal words to maintain the logical structure and sequence of the passage.

1. In spite of freezing temperatures, they trekked for hours. 

2. It’s such an interesting city that we’re going to visit it again. 

3. We booked a holiday although we had very little money. 

4. The tour guide was so informative that we didn’t need to read our guidebook. 

5. In spite of the fact that he didn’t like water, he booked a cruise. 

6. Preachers preach many good things, however, many of them do not practise what they preach. 

7. Jainulabdeen had neither formal education nor wealth. 

8. The continental dimensions of the country account for the variations and diversities, besides there being several religious sects and beliefs.

1. Kalam was separated from his close friend and orderd to sit in the last row by the new teacher, Lakshmana Sastry, the priest of the temple told the teacher that he should not spread the poison of social inequality and religious intolerance in the minds of innocent children. He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologize or quit the school and the island.

2. ‘However’ serves as a linker indicating the result of an action. The science teacher was a broadminded Brahmin while his wife was conventional and adamant of the beliefs

1. For example 

2. Secondly 

3. Thirdly 

4. Next 

5. Finally 

6. However