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The CORRECT OPTION is (b) Copper CATALYSTS

Best explanation: Copper catalysts are used in the catalytic hydrogenation of coconut oil. Care must be taken saturation of double bonds doesn’t takes place as saturation is not SUITABLE for MANUFACTURING detergents.

Right ANSWER is (c) Activated charcoal

Easy explanation: Yellow glycerin produced from 15-20% glycerin solution when absorbed with activated charcoal, FOLLOWED by filtration GIVES 99% WHITE glycerin also called as sweet water.

Right CHOICE is (B) HYDROLYSIS tower

The explanation: Triglycerides and catalyst are added at the bottom of hydrolysis tower, where the fat SPLITTING REACTION takes place with counter current passage of high pressure water and removal of 15-20% glycerin solution.

Right CHOICE is (d) Activated nickel

To elaborate: Activated nickel CATALYST is used in hydrogenating the oils. It is produced in various ways like decomposition of nickel formate, spongy method, and REDUCTION of hydroxide or CARBONATE on inert catalyst.

Right choice is (B) Chromium-molybdenum steel

To EXPLAIN: Chromium-molybdenum steels are used as MATERIAL of CONSTRUCTION in reactor steels to avoid hydrogen EMBRITTLEMENT. Coal must be fed in powdered form into the hydrogenators reactor.

Right choice is (C) TISSUE paper

The best explanation: Cigarette, carbon, napkin, towel, toilet PAPERS are produced from tissue paper. Book paper produces LITHOGRAPH offset, textbook paper. Wrapping papers produce linen papers etc.

Right option is (a) True

To explain I would say: The STATEMENT is FALSE as BROWN color pulp is produced in sulfate pulping process whereas SULFITE process produces dull white color pulp which can be EASILY bleached.

The correct option is (a) Chemical PULPING process

Explanation: Fiber suspension preparation is first step of making paper whereas other PROCESSES produce pulp. Pulp obtained from chemical process is very MUCH suitable for paper having HIGH strength THOUGH its yield is less.

Correct option is (b) Distillation

Easy EXPLANATION: Petroleum FERMENTATION PROCESS involves separation, condensation, fermentation, EVAPORATION, drying, leaching, and recovery.

Correct ANSWER is (b) 60-65%

The explanation is: Percentage of starch in maize KERNELS is 60-65%. Starch PRODUCED from maize kernels contains 15-30% amylose and 85-70% AMYLOPECTIN. It is hydrolyzed by acids, alkalis, and enzymes. Starch can form gel on reaction with water under suitable conditions.

Right option is (C) Lead chromate

For explanation I would say: White lead, lithopone, ZINC oxide, titanium DIOXIDE are all white pigments. Lead chromates, Prussian blue, and different iron OXIDES are colored pigments.

Correct option is (C) chlorination-alkylation-sulfonation

Easiest EXPLANATION: Paraffin is chlorinated to FORM alkyl chloride which reacts with benzene to form alkyl benzene. Alkyl benzene on sulfonation PRODUCES alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS).

Correct option is (B) Ni(CO)4 → Ni + 4CO

To elaborate: (OH)2 + H2 → Ni+H2O,2Al·Ni+6NaOH → Ni + 2NaAlO3 + 3H2, NiCO3 + H2 → Ni + H2O + CO2 arereactions of producing ACTIVATED nickel catalyst WHEREAS Ni(CO)4 → Ni + 4CO is an equilibrium reaction.

The correct ANSWER is (B) DIALDEHYDE starch

Best explanation: Dialdehyde starch is the oxidized form of starch used as WET strength additive in paper industry. It is FORMED by the reaction of starch with per iodic acid.

Correct choice is (b) OIL

The best explanation: Water is a SOLVENT for water-based paints. Oil is a solvent for oil-based paints and varnishes. ETHERS, alcohols are solvents for lacquers.

The correct answer is (b) below 200°C

Best EXPLANATION: Temperature is MAINTAINED below 200°C in batch hydrogenators to avoid unnecessary SIDE reactions like pyrolysis reactions and to PREVENT sintering of porous catalyst.

The correct ANSWER is (c) Ammonia

Explanation: Ammonia, detergents, sulfur and its DERIVATIVES are the byproducts produced in the petroleum REFINERY process. There are different types of refineries to refine petroleum.

The correct answer is (a) True

For explanation I WOULD say: The statement is true, hence to avoid EXPLOSION Dimethyl sulfide in Dimethyl sulfoxide solution is OXIDIZED in liquid phase in presence of mixture of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen. Due to presence of EXCESS DMSO PROCESS is controlled.

Correct answer is (b) Paper PULP

The EXPLANATION: It might TAKE 5-6 MINUTES for Bagasse, 2-5 hours for wood base material, longer TIME for lignin free chemical cellulose pulp, and a short time for paper pulp.

Right CHOICE is (b) Blender

Best EXPLANATION: Vacuum DISTILLED fatty acids are sent into mixer where caustic SODA is ADDED, and then the saponification process takes place in a slow speed blender.

Right choice is (d) Kerala minerals and metals limited (KMML)

EASY explanation: Travancore titanium products limited (TTP), Kilburn CHEMICALS limited, Kolmak chemicals limited produces titanium DIOXIDE pigment using sulfate route whereas Kerala minerals and metals limited (KMML) produces rutile grade titaniium OXIDE.

The correct choice is (a) hydrogenation- REDUCTION-sulfation

The explanation is: In manufacture of SODIUM salts of sulfated FATTY alcohols, first catalytic hydrogenation of coconut oil takes place FOLLOWED by sodium reduction of coconut oil. Then oleum is added for sulfation of fatty ALCOHOL.

Correct option is (d) Castor seed is used as CATTLE feed

Easiest explanation: The wrong statement is that the castor seed is used in cattle feed. Actually castor SEEDS are used in the MANUFACTURE of soaps and in lubricant INDUSTRY.

The correct OPTION is (c) Sodium silicate

Easiest explanation: CHLORINE is not a stabilizer and generally sodium silicate is used as stabilizer for maintaining the peroxide concentration. These days it is REPLACED by an organic DYE to prevent scale formation on internal surfaces.

The correct option is (c) 342

To EXPLAIN: Chemical formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. HENCE the MOLECULAR weight of sucrose is 12*12+22*1+11*16=342. 12, 1, and 16 are the atomic weights of carbon, HYDROGEN, and oxygen respectively.

Right CHOICE is (d) White water cannot be reused

Easiest explanation: The statement white water can’t be reused is wrong as white water can be reused to conserve water and ADDITIVES, to prevent STEAM POLLUTION, and to obtain maximum recovery of fiber.

Right choice is (c) Cement

To ELABORATE: Cement industry is de-licensed in INDIA. After that there is a rapid GROWTH in development of cement industries. EXPECT beer, potable alcohol, wines all FOOD processing industries are de-licensed by Government of India.

Right CHOICE is (b) Dependent STERILIZATION of each part of system

To explain: Continued use of steam for labile zones, Usage of Kel-F DIAPHRAGM valves, all welded smooth inside construction, and we need to independently STERILIZE each part of system.

The correct option is (C) CRYSTALLIZATION

For explanation I would say: All are physical changes or unit OPERATIONS used in PETROLEUM refinery process. Unit OPERATION crystallization is based on difference in freezing point difference. Wax preparation process uses crystallization method.

Correct answer is (B) False

For EXPLANATION: The statement is wrong as the GENERAL chemical formula of coal is (C3H4)x, which clearly states that it is a hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon and has interlocked aromatic RINGS.

The correct option is (a) Mild steel

Best explanation: Bronze, lead, and acid proof BRICK are MATERIALS of construction in SULFITE process WHEREAS mild steel is used in KRAFT process as well as neutral sulfite process.

Correct option is (b) 1500°C

To explain I would say: Temperature at which the reaction TiCl4 + O2 → TiO2 + 2Cl2 takes place is 1500°C. Specially DESIGNED refractory lined furnaces are USED. CHLORINE is recovered for RECYCLE.

Right choice is (a) Cryogenic DISTILLATION

Easiest explanation: Cryogenic distillation technique or REACTIVE metal guard converter are used in REMOVAL of sulfur containing COMPOUNDS from synthesis gas process as they are poisonous for the HYDROGENATION catalyst.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Coal is a HYDROGEN deficient hydrocarbon

To ELABORATE: Coking coals soften and non coking coals do not soften on heating. The product FORMED during heating of non coking coal is called char. COKE is a reducing agent as it is hydrogen deficient hydrocarbon.

Correct OPTION is (b) LOW cellulose content, high lignin content

Easy explanation: Ideal fiber having high cellulose content and low lignin content is very much SUITABLE for making BEST quality paper. Paper is matted SHEETS of fibers formed by preparing fiber suspension followed by its conversion to paper.

Right choice is (d) NaOH, Na2S, Na2CO3In aqueous solution

Explanation: 60%NaOH, 25% NA2 S, 15% Na2CO3 in 10-15%aqueous solution is the CHEMICAL reagent used in digestors of sulfate pulp process Mg(HSO3)2 + SO2, Na2CO3 + Na2S + NaHCO3, NaHSO3 + Na2 SO3 are the chemical reagents used in different TYPES of sulfite processes.

Right CHOICE is (a) True

The BEST explanation: The statement is true as the science of fermentation is called zymology. It is a metabolic process and it is of 2 TYPES: aerobic and ANAEROBIC fermentation.

The correct option is (b) Pine oils

Easy explanation: CASEIN is the dispersing agent, pine oil is the anti-foam agent, and chlorinated phenols are the preservatives in the water-based PAINTS. Poly hydroxyl phenols are used as the anti-skinning AGENTS.

Right answer is (d) to improve soil and dirt suspension

The best EXPLANATION: SODIUM carboxycellulose is used to improve soil and dirt suspension, phosphates to EXTEND foam; fluorescent DYES are used as brighteners, and sodium silicate to avoid aluminum CORROSION.

The correct choice is (C) Propane

To explain I would say: Propane is used as solvent for purification of oils because it is MISCIBLE with OIL below 80°C and IMMISCIBLE with color bodies and fatty ACIDS around its critical temperature 96°C.

Right ANSWER is (B) True

The explanation: Fermentation from SUCROSE substrate, catalytic hydration of ethylene, fermentation from STARCH substrate, oxidation of petroleum are some of the possible processes for MANUFACTURING alcohol. Out of which only some are economical.

Correct choice is (c) Slops

For EXPLANATION: While TOP PRODUCT from BEER still is sent to aldehyde column, the bottoms KNOWN as slops are concentrated so that they can be used as cattle feed or can be discharged as waste.