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Adolf Hitler wrote a book entitled ‘Mein Kampf’. Its literal meaning is ‘My Struggle’.

This book expresses some of the most monstrous ideas of the Nazi movement.

1. He glorified the use of force and brutalities and the rule by a great leader and ridiculed internationalism, peace and democracy.

2. These principles were accepted by all followers of Hitler.

3. Throughout Germany an atmosphere of terror was created. Hitler glorified violent nationalism and extolled war.

4. He wrote this book at the age of 35, it is an autobiographical book; in this book Hitler has poured out his hatred for democracy,

5. He also revealed his bitterness over German surrender in World War I.

1. Once in power, the Nazis quickly began to implement their dream of creating an exclusive racial community of pure Germans by physically eliminating all those who were seen as ‘‘undesirable’’ in the extended empire were mentally or physically unfit Germans, Gypsies, blacks, Russians, Poles. 

2. But Jews remained the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany. They were stereotyped as ‘killers of Christ and usurers'. Until medieval times, Jews were barred from owning land. 

3. They survived mainly through trade and moneylending. They lived in separately marked areas called ‘ghettos’. 

4. They were often persecuted through periodic organised violence and expulsion from land. 

5. All this had a precursor in the traditional Christian hostility towards Jews for being the killers of Christ. However, Hitler’s hatred of the Jews was based on pseudo-scientific theories of race, which held that conversion was no solution to ‘the Jewish problem’. It could be solved only through their total elimination.

He feared revenge by the Allied Powers

A plan which reworked the terms of reparation to ease financial burden on the Germans.

The supporters of Weimar Republic

A democratic constitution with a federal structure.

Pure and healthy Nordic Aryans.

The Second World War comes to an end in May 1945.

War in 1917 led to the strengthening of Allies and the defeat of Germany because of entry of the USA.

German invasion of Poland

Helplessness of England and France

Germany attack the Soviet Union in 1941.

1. All schools were cleansed and purified.

2. This meant that teachers who were Jews or seen as politically unreliable were dismissed.

3. Children were segregated — Germans and Jews could not sit together or play together.

4. Later on the undesirable children — the Jews, the physically handicapped, gypsies — were thrown out of schools

1. After assuming power on 30th January 1933, Hitler set out to dismantle the structure of democratic rule. 

2. The Fire decree of 28th February 1933 indefinitely suspended civic rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly that had been guaranteed by the Weimar constitution. 

3. The repression of the Jews and Communists was severe. On 3rd March 1933, the famousEnabling Act was passed. This Act established dictatorship in Germany. 

(i) This Act gave Adolf Hitler all political and administrative power to sideline the German parliament. 

(ii) All political parties of Germany and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary. 

(iii) Special surveillance and security forces besides the existing regular police force, the Gestapo, the SD plus the extra-constitutional powers of these newly constructed forces gave the Nazi state its reputation of being the most dreaded criminal state.

1. The birth of the Weimar Republic coincided with the uprising of the Spartacus League on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

2. The Democrats, Socialists and Catholics opposed it. They met in Weimar to give shape to a democratic republic.

3. The republic was not received well by its own people largely because of the terms it was forced to accept after Germany’s defeat at the end of the First World War.

4. Many Germans held the new Weimar Republic responsible for not only the defeat in the war but the disgrace at Versailles. This republic was finally crippled by being forced to pay compensation. Soon after the economic crisis hit Germany in 1923, the value of German mark fell considerably.

5. The Weimar Republic had to face hyperinflation. Then came the Wall Street exchange crash in 1929.