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Right option is (a) IDLE time between frames

The explanation: The inter-frame GAP is the idle time for the receiver between the INCOMING frame flow. The inter-frame gap must be as low as possible for idle CONNECTIONS.

Correct ANSWER is (d) 1500 BYTES

Explanation: The minimum size of the payload FIELD is 40 bytes and the maximum size is 1500 bytes. If the payload size EXCEEDS 1500 bytes, the frame is called a jumbo frame.

Right choice is (c) optical fiber

The best explanation: FAST Ethernet is mostly used in networks ALONG with Category 5 (Cat-5) copper twisted-pair cable, but it also works with fiber-optic cable. Based on the cable being used, There can be THREE TYPES of Fast Ethernet.

The correct answer is (d) all of the mentioned

For explanation: A metropolitan area NETWORK (MAN) that is based on Ethernet STANDARDS is called an Ethernet MAN. It is commonly used to CONNECT nodes to the Internet. Businesses also use Ethernet MANS to connect their own offices to each other.

Right choice is (d) 48 bits

Best explanation: MAC address is LIKE a local address for the NIC that is USED to MAKE a local Ethernet (or wifi) network FUNCTION. It is of 48 bits.

The correct option is (b) 10101011

For explanation: The START FRAME delimiter is a 1 BYTE field in the Ethernet frame that indicates that the PRECEDING bits are the start of the frame. It is always SET to 10101011.

The correct answer is (c) Pathping combines the FUNCTIONALITY of ping with that of route

For explanation I would say: Pathping combines the functionality of ping with that of TRACEROUTE (tracert). The Ping command is used to TEST connectivity between two nodes and the Tracert/Traceroute command is used to find the path i.e. the number of the routers that the packet has to GO through to REACH its destination.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) Domain Check

For explanation I would say: There are billions of domains AVAILABLE for registration on the WORLD Wide Web, and many of them are already registered. So when one wants to register a domain, they need to check WHETHER the domain is available through a domain check.

Right option is (d) TRACE the routers in the path to DESTINATION

Easy explanation: The Tracert command is available on MICROSOFT WINDOWS to find the path i.e. the number of the routers that the packet has to go through to REACH its destination.

Right answer is (d) Traceroute

To explain: Traceroute command is AVAILABLE on LINUX OS to find the path i.e. the number of the routers that the PACKET has to go through to reach the destination. In Windows, Tracert command is USED to perform the function.

The CORRECT choice is (a) route

Explanation: The route COMMAND is used to view and manipulate the TCP/IP ROUTING table in WINDOWS OS. The manipulations done in the routing table with the help of this command will count as static routes.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Both Ping & TRACEROUTE

To explain: ICMP stands for INTERNET Control Message Protocol. ICMP operates over the IP packet to provide error reporting functionality, so in case the node is not active or there is no ROUTE, ICMP will be used to report the specific errors for Ping and Traceroute.

The correct choice is (b) Nmap

Explanation: A PING sweep is a method that can ESTABLISH a range of IP addresses which map to live hosts and are MOSTLY USED by network scanning tools like nmap. A ping sweep is basically a collective ping command execution on a range of IP addresses.

Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

The explanation is: PING (Packet Internet Groper) COMMAND is the best WAY to test connectivity between two nodes, whether it is Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Ping uses ICMP (Internet Control MESSAGE PROTOCOL) to communicate to other devices.

Right choice is (b) five BROAD categories

Easy explanation: The five broad categories of NETWORK management are

• FAULT Management

• Configuration Management

• Accounting (Administration)

• PERFORMANCE Management

• SECURITY Management.

Right option is (c) SNMP

To explain: MIB stands for MANAGEMENT Information Base. Simple NETWORK management controls the group of objects in management information base. It is USUALLY used with SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).

Correct option is (c) Network

The explanation is: Network is the main entity connecting different COMPONENTS in a place. A network map is made to track each component and its CONNECTION to the network to ENSURE BETTER network management.

The correct answer is (C) Packet-SWITCHED networks

For explanation I would say: Packet switched network is most preferred for PIPELINING PROCESS. Pipelining exponentially reduces the time taken to transmit a large number of packets in the network.

Correct answer is (c) Accounting Management

The explanation: Control of users’ access to network resources through CHARGES is the main responsibility of accounting management. The accounting management creates a log of the users ACTIVITY on the network too and GOES hand-in-hand with the configurations management.

The CORRECT option is (d) Security Management

The best explanation: In Network Management System, the term that is RESPONSIBLE for controlling access to the network based on predefined POLICY is called security management. The security management ENSURES authentication, confidentiality and integrity in the network.

Right option is (a) Documentation

To explain I would say: The documentation subsystem of configuration MANAGEMENT HANDLES the log making and reporting functions of the configuration management. It also REPORTS the errors in the NETWORK caused by the configuration’s failure.

Right OPTION is (b) Components

Easiest explanation: Complex NETWORKS TODAY are made up of hundreds and sometimes THOUSANDS of components. For effective functioning of these thousands of components, GOOD network management is essential.

Right option is (B) Expansive

The explanation is: The firewall has to be expansive because a network is EXPECTED to GROW with time and if the firewall is unable to grow with it, the firewall won’t be able to HANDLE the GROWING network traffic flow and will hence fail.

Right option is (a) Routing table

The explanation: The routing table basically gives the STATE of each CONNECTION i.e. WHETHER the connection is active or not. A routing table ensures the best performance for the stateful firewall.

Right answer is (a) The source routing feature

To explain I would say: The source routing feature PROVIDES a path address for the packet to help the firewall to REASSEMBLE the data STREAM that was divided into PACKETS. After reassembling, the firewall can then filter the stream.

The correct option is (c) You can do load BALANCING

Explanation: DMZ stands for De-Militarized Zone. In a topology with a single FIREWALL serving both INTERNAL and external users (LAN and WAN), it acts as a shared resource for these two zones. So load balancing can be done by adding ANOTHER firewall.

Right answer is (c) Network layer or TRANSPORT layer

Explanation: In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security RULES.[1] A firewall TYPICALLY establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure internal network and ANOTHER OUTSIDE network, such as the Internet, that is assumed not to be secure or trusted.[2] Firewalls are often categorized as either network firewalls or host-based firewalls.

The CORRECT answer is (d) APPLICATION layer

For explanation: The application firewall is typically built to control all network traffic on any layer up to the application layer. It is able to control APPLICATIONS or services specifically, unlike a stateful network firewall, which is – WITHOUT additional software – unable to control network traffic regarding a specific application. There are two PRIMARY categories of application firewalls, network-based application firewalls and host-based application firewalls.

Right option is (a) Packet Filtering Firewall

To ELABORATE: A firewall can be a PC, a midrange, a mainframe, a UNIX workstation, a router, or combination of these. DEPENDING on the requirements, a firewall can CONSIST of ONE or more of the following functional components: Packet-filtering router

Right answer is (a) Chock point

Explanation: A firewall can be a PC, a router, a midrange, a mainframe, a UNIX workstation, or a combination of these that determines which INFORMATION or SERVICES can be accessed from the OUTSIDE and who is permitted to use the information and services from outside. Generally, a firewall is installed at the point where the secure internal network and UNTRUSTED external network meet, which is also known as a chokepoint.

Right answer is (a) State full firewall and stateless firewall

The explanation is: Most network layer firewalls can operate as stateful or stateless firewalls, creating two subcategories of the standard network layer firewall. Stateful firewalls have the advantage of being able to track packets over a period of time for greater analysis and accuracy — but they require more memory and operate more slowly. Stateless firewalls do not analyze PAST traffic and can be useful for SYSTEMS where SPEED is more important than security, or for systems that have very specific and LIMITED needs. For example, a computer that only needs to connect to a particular backup server does not need the extra security of a stateful firewall.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Delay is the same for all PACKETS in a flow

The best I can explain: The delay of each packet in a datagram network is DIFFERENT as each packet might TAKE a different route to the DESTINATION. This happens because there is no pre-decided route for the packets.

Correct answer is (C) Increases

To ELABORATE: PROBABILITY of the error in a TRANSMITTED block increases with the length of the block. Hence, the blocks should be as short as possible for ideal transmission with low possibility of an error.

The correct CHOICE is (b) Queue

The best explanation: When there are too MANY packets to be transmitted and the transmission LINE GETS blocked while transmitting some packets, the remaining packets are stored in queue during delay and are served as first in first out. The delay is called as queuing delay.

Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

Easiest explanation: The DELAY of each PACKET in a DATAGRAM network is different as each packet might take a different route to the destination. The delay includes the PROPAGATION delay and the processing delay that is induced at each stop/switch that the packet encounters in its JOURNEY.

Correct answer is (a) Destination address

To EXPLAIN I would say: Destination address remains same in the header during the ENTIRE JOURNEY of the packet. There is no pre-decided ROUTE for the packets so each datagram/packet is treated as an individual entity and routed independently through the network.

The CORRECT choice is (b) Destination address and Output PORT

Explanation: Routing table CONTAINS destination address and output port to route the PACKETS to their destinations. The port address specifies the particular application that the packet has to be FORWARDED to after it has reached the destination.

The correct option is (d) Routing table

To explain I would say: Routing table is used to ROUTE the PACKETS to their destinations. The packet/datagram HEADER contains the DESTINATION header for the whole journey to source to the destination through the ROUTERS.

The CORRECT OPTION is (b) Connection less networks

To explain I WOULD say: The switch does not keep the INFORMATION about the connection state, hence it is connection less. There is no need for establishing a HANDSHAKE to begin the transmission in such networks.

Correct option is (c) Datagrams

To ELABORATE: As the NAME SUGGESTS, in datagram SWITCHING packets are called as datagram. Each datagram/packet is treated as an individual entity and routed independently through the network.

Right answer is (a) NETWORK layer

The explanation is: Datagram switching is NORMALLY DONE at network layer. In datagram switching, the datagram stream need not be in order as each datagram can take DIFFERENT routes to the destination.

The correct OPTION is (d) Show ip OSPF neighbor

For explanation: The “Show ip ospf neighbor” COMMAND is the OSPF show command that can describe a list of OSPF adjacencies i.e. the list of adjacent nodes or neighbors. The ROUTER will only communicate with its neighbors directly.

The correct choice is (d) “[Wildcard-mask] area [area-id]” and “ROUTER ospf [process-id]”

To explain I would say: The “Router ospf [process-id]” command enables OSPF ROUTING PROTOCOL in the router and the “[Wildcard-mask] area [area-id]” command is used to select the INTERFACES that we want to include in the OSPF process. That is ENOUGH for the basic configuration of OSPF in a router.