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Right option is (c) MAN

To explain: A MAN often acts as a HIGH speed network to allow sharing of regional resources. It typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter. Examples of MAN are telephone company network that provides a high speed DSL to customers and cable TV network.

The correct option is (a) Four LAYERS

For explanation: TCP/IP functionality is DIVIDED into four layers, each with its own set of agreed-upon protocols: The datalink layer consists of methods and protocols that operate only on a link. The Internet layer connects INDEPENDENT networks to TRANSPORT the packets. The Transport layer handles COMMUNICATIONS between. The Application layer standardizes data exchange for applications.

Right answer is (d) 40bytes

To ELABORATE: IPv6 datagram has FIXED HEADER length of 40bytes. It results in FASTER processing of the datagram. Fixed length IPv6 header allows the routers to process the IPv6 datagram packets more efficiently.

Right option is (b) 1895

The best I can explain: In England, Guglielmo Marconi began his wireless EXPERIMENTS in 1895. On 2 June 1896, he FILED his provisional SPECIFICATION of a patent for wireless telegraphy. He DEMONSTRATED the system to the BRITISH Post Office in July.

The CORRECT choice is (a) Router

Explanation: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between COMPUTER NETWORKS. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the INTERNET. It supports different network layer transmission standards. Each network interface is used to enable data packets to be forwarded from one transmission system to ANOTHER.

Right option is (c) DHCP

For explanation I would say: Dynamic Host CONFIGURATION Protocol (DHCP) is used to provide IP information to hosts on your network. DHCP can provide a LOT of information, but the most common is the IP address, subnet MASK, default gateway, and DNS information.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Precedence BITS

For explanation I would say: The 8-BIT ToS (type of service) in IPv4 uses 3 bits for IP Precedence, 4 bits for ToS with the last bit not being used. The 4-bit ToS field, ALTHOUGH defined, has NEVER been used.

Right option is (c) 20 to 60 bytes

Explanation: IP header LENGTH is a minimum of 20 bytes and a maximum of 60 bytes. The minimum VALUE for this field is 5, which is a length of 5×32 = 160 bits = 20 bytes. Being a 4-bit value, the maximum length is 15 WORDS (15×32 bits) or 480 bits = 60 bytes.

Right choice is (a) Discarded

The best I can explain: A 4 bit field DEFINES the version of IPv4 PROTOCOL. This field tells the software running in the processing machine that the datagram has the FORMAT of version 4. If the machine is using some other version of IPv4, the datagram is discarded RATHER than interpreted incorrectly.

Correct option is (b) HEADER Translation

Best explanation: Three strategies used to HANDLE TRANSITION from version 4 to version 6 are dual-stack, tunneling and header translation. Header translation techniques are more complicated than IPv4 NAT because the protocols have DIFFERENT header formats.

Right CHOICE is (d) DNS

Explanation: DNS and some other services work on both TCP and the UDP protocols. DNS USES TCP for zone exchanges between servers and UDP when a client is TRYING to resolve a hostname to an IP address.

Correct choice is (a) Communication

The EXPLANATION is: A PROTOCOL is a set of rules that governs the COMMUNICATIONS between computers on a network. These rules include guidelines that regulate the characteristics of a network including access method, allowed physical topologies, TYPES of cabling, and speed of data TRANSFER.

The correct CHOICE is (d) L2CAP

Best explanation: L2CAP is Logical Link, CONTROL Adaptation Protocol Layer. The logical unit link control adaptation protocol is EQUIVALENT to logical link control sub layer of LAN. The ACL link uses L2CAP for data exchange. The various FUNCTION of L2CAP is segmentation and REASSEMBLY, multiplexing and quality of service.

The CORRECT choice is (d) 200

Easiest explanation: In an IPv6 datagram, M bit is 0, value of HLEN is 5, the value of total length is 200 and OFFSET value is 200. If the M bit is 0, it means there are no more fragments, the fragment is the LAST name.

Correct ANSWER is (c) TOS field

The best EXPLANATION: This field ENABLES to have different types of IP datagram. In an IPv6 packet, the Traffic Class byte is USED in the same way as the ToS byte in an IPv4 packet. A ToS/Traffic Class byte includes a DSCP (Differentiated Services Codepoint) and precedence bits.

The CORRECT answer is (a) LAN

The best explanation: The IEEE 802.11 topology consists of COMPONENTS interacting to provide a wireless LAN. It ENABLES station mobility transparent to HIGHER protocol layers, such as the LLC.

The CORRECT choice is (b) Application layer

For explanation: In open systems, a virtual terminal (VT) is an application service. It allows HOST terminals on a multi-user network to INTERACT with other hosts regardless of terminal type and characteristics.

Right choice is (d) Data link layer

To explain: The CHECKSUM is USED in the INTERNET by several PROTOCOLS although not at the data link layer. Like linear and cyclic codes, the checksum is based on the concept of redundancy. Several protocols still USE the checksum for error detection.

Right option is (c) High Bandwidth

Easiest explanation: In IPv6, real-time audio or video, particularly in digital FORM, REQUIRES resources such as high bandwidth, large buffers, LONG processing times, and so on. A PROCESS can make a reservation for these resources beforehand to guarantee that real time data will not be delayed.

The correct option is (a) Tunneling

The explanation: IPv6 tunneling ENABLES IPv6 hosts and routers to connect with other IPv6 hosts and routers over the existing IPV4 Internet. The main purpose of IPv6 tunneling is to deploy IPv6 as well as maintain compatibility with LARGE existing base of IPv4 hosts and routers.

Correct answer is (b) 2^128

Explanation: The main advantage of IPv6 over IPV4 is its larger address SPACE. The length of an IPv6 address is 128 BITS, compared with 32 bits in IPv4. The address space therefore has 2^128 or approximately 3.4×10^38 addresses.

Correct option is (d) FOUR

Easy EXPLANATION: Four LEVELS of addresses are used in the internet employing the TCP/IP protocols. They are PHYSICAL (link) addresses, LOGICAL (IP) addresses, port addresses, and specific addresses.

Right OPTION is (b) APPLICATION layer

The best I can explain: TCP/IP network model is a hierarchical PROTOCOL made up of interactive modules, each of which provides a SPECIFIC FUNCTIONALITY; however, the modules are not necessarily interdependent. It is equivalent to combined session, presentation and application layer.

The correct answer is (d) Protocol

The EXPLANATION is: ‘The network layer at the source is responsible for creating a PACKET from the DATA coming from another’ protocol (such as a transport layer protocol or a routing protocol). The network layer is responsible for checking its routing table to find the routing INFORMATION.

Right option is (d) Repeater

The best I can explain: A repeater connects TWO segments of your network cable. It retimes and REGENERATES the signals to proper amplitudes and SENDS them to the other segments. REPEATERS WORK only at the physical layer of the OSI network model.

Right answer is (c) INTERNET

To ELABORATE: The FOUR layers of the DoD model are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and NETWORK ACCESS. The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.

The correct choice is (b) Broadcasts have been eliminated and replaced with multicasts

Best explanation: In IPv6, there’s no longer any broadcast, SENDING one packet to a LARGE number of UNSPECIFIED hosts. There’s only MULTICAST, unicast and ANYCAST. In IPv6 all nodes are required to support multicast.

Right answer is (a) 3 broad groups

The explanation is: We can divide wireless transmission into THREE broad groups: radio waves, MICROWAVES, and infrared waves. Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as AM and FM radio, TELEVISION, maritime radio, cordless PHONES and paging systems. Microwave PROPAGATION is line-of-sight.

Right option is (c) Segment

The BEST I can explain: Applications working at the Application LAYER transfers a CONTIGUOUS stream of BYTES to the bottom layers. It is the duty of TCP to pack this byte stream to packets, known as TCP segments, which are passed to the IP layer for TRANSMISSION to the destination device.

Right option is (b) TCP

Explanation: ‘In COMPUTER networking, the LINK layer is the LOWEST layer in the Internet PROTOCOL Suite. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, the networking architecture of the Internet. It is described in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123.’

The correct option is (b) Six Extension Headers

Easy explanation: The LENGTH of the base header is 40 bytes. However, to give more FUNCTIONALITY to the IP datagram, the base header can be followed by up to six extension headers.

Right choice is (a) PROTOCOL

The explanation: IPv6 is designed to ALLOW the extension of the protocol if required by new technologies or applications. IPv6 uses a new header format in which options are separated from the BASE header and inserted, when NEEDED, between the base header and upper-layer data.

The correct answer is (b) Variable length

Easy explanation: ‘IPv4 is a connectionless protocol used for PACKET switched networks. It operates on BEST effort DELIVERY model, in which neither delivery is guaranteed, nor proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery is assured. The size of the DATAGRAM header can be of variable length from 20 bytes to 60 bytes.’

The correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: All the features are only present in IPv4 and not IPV6. IPv6 no LONGER has a header checksum to protect the IP header, MEANING that when a packet header is corrupted by transmission errors, the packet is very likely to be delivered INCORRECTLY.

The correct answer is (b) Collision

Explanation: In WIRELESS networking, the HIDDEN node problem or hidden terminal problem occurs when a node is visible from a wireless access point (AP), but not from other nodes COMMUNICATING with said AP. This leads to difficulties in MEDIA access control and COLLISIONS could not be detected.

The CORRECT option is (c) 600 Km

To explain: The stations on wireless ALOHA networks are a maximum of 600 km APART. It was designed for a radio (wireless) LAN, but it can be used on any SHARED MEDIUM. It is obvious that there are POTENTIAL collisions in this arrangement. The medium is shared between the stations.

The CORRECT option is (b) Host to host

Explanation: The four layers of the TCP/IP stack (also called the DoD model) are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access. The Host-to-Host LAYER is EQUIVALENT to the Transport layer of the OSI model.

Right choice is (c) Error Control

Explanation: The DATA link layer ADDS reliability to the physical layer by adding mechanisms to detect and retransmit damaged or lost FRAMES. It also uses a mechanism to recognize duplicate frames. Error control is NORMALLY achieved through a TRAILER added to the end of the frame.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Datagrams

Explanation: The format of data that can be recognized by IP is called an IP datagram. It CONSISTS of two COMPONENTS, the header and data, which need to be TRANSMITTED. The FIELDS in the datagram, except the data, have specific roles to perform in the transmission of data.

The CORRECT answer is (a) BASIC service set

The explanation: A set that MAKES stationary or mobile wireless STATION and also have optional CENTRAL base station is known as a basic service set. BSS is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional central base station, known as the access point (AP).