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Answer is (b) 3

(d) GNU/Linux

a) Computer programs are made free to copy and share and 

b) Able to examine the programs for study purposes

(c) File name my-works in the desktop folder inside the home folder of Thomas created by him in the computer.

Set-I

c) Mobile phone

Set-II

b) ATM

Set-III

a) Computer

Set-IV

b) Motorcars

Set -I

b) Lockets contain camera and sensors.

Set-II

a) Gadgets that control the flow of insulin for diabetics,

Set-III

d) Wrist bands that measure blood pressure

Set-IV

d) Chips that are installer under the skin

d) No freedom to examine them for study purposes

(a) GNU HURD

c) IT @ school Linux and 

d) Red hat

Answer is (b) Linux

The basic features of Linux operating system are:

1. Portable:

Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.

2. Open Source:

Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.

3. Multi-User:

Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ram/application programs at same time.

4. Multiprogramming: Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.

5. Hierarchical File System:

Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/user files are arranged. Files and directories are arranged in tree structure form.

6. Shell:

Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs, etc.

7. Security:

Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/controlled access to specific files/encryption of data.

Following are the functions of operating system:

1. Program Execution:

Operating systems handle many kinds of activities from user programs to system programs like printer spooler, name servers, file server, etc. Each of these activities is encapsulated as a process.

2. I/O Operation:

An I/O subsystem comprises of I/O devices and their corresponding driver software. Drivers hide the peculiarities of specific hardware devices from the users. An Operating System manages the communication between user and device drivers.

3. File System Manipulation:

A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These directories may contain files and other directions. 

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to file management:

• Program needs to read a file or write a file.
• The operating system gives the permission to the program for operation on file.
• Permission varies from read-only, read-write, denied and so on.
• Operating system provides an interface to the user to create/delete files.
• Operating system provides an interface to the user to create/delete directories.
• Operating system provides an interface to create the backup of file system,

4. Communication:

In case of distributed systems which are a collection of processors that do not share memory, peripheral devices, or a clock, the operating system manages communications between all the processes. Multiple processes communicate with one another through communication lines in the network. 

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to communication:

• Two processes often require data to be transferred between them.
• Both the processes can be on one computer or on different computers, but are connected through a computer network.
• Communication may be implemented by two methods, either by Shared Memory or by Message Passing.

5. Error Detection:

An error may occur in CPU, in I/O devices or in the memory hardware.

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to error detection:

1. The OS constantly checks for possible errors.
2. The OS takes an appropriate action to ensure correct and consistent computing.

6. Resource Management.

In case of multi-user or multi-tasking environment, resources such as main memory, CPU cycles and files storage are to be allocated to each user or job.

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to resource management:

• It acts like a resource manager. The OS manages all kinds of resources using schedulers.
• CPU scheduling algorithms are used for better utilization of CPU.

7. Protection:

Protection refers to a mechanism or a way to control the access of programs, processes, or users to the resources defined by a computer system. 

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to protection:

• The OS ensures that all access to system resources is controlled.
• The OS ensures that external I/O devices are protected from invalid access attempts.
• The OS provides authentication features for each user by means of passwords.

Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of our computer. Prevention measures help us to stop unauthorized users (hackers) from accessing any part of our computer system. Detection helps us to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into our system, if they were successful, and what they may have done.

A real-time system is defined as a data processing system in which the time interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls the environment. In this type of operating system, the response time is very less as compared to online processing.

Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data. A real-time operating system must have well-defined, fixed time constraints, otherwise the system will fail.

Correct option is (d) All of above

Following are the functions of operating system:

• It provides programs an environment to execute.
• It provides users the services to execute the programs in a convenient manner.

Following are a few common services provided by an operating system:

• Program execution
• I/O operations
• File System manipulation
• Communication
• Error Detection
• Resource Allocation
• Protection.