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Under $AD_TOP/bin check for FILE adcfginfo.sh & if this exists use

If this file is not there , look for any configuration file under APPL_TOP if system is AUTOCONFIG enabled then you will see entry like

Under $AD_TOP/bin check for file adcfginfo.sh & if this exists use

If this file is not there , look for any configuration file under APPL_TOP if system is Autoconfig enabled then you will see entry like

Answer : DROP Procedure/Function;

yes, if they are STANDALONE procedures or FUNCTIONS. If they are a part of a PACKAGE then one have to remove it from the package definition and body and recompile the package.

yes, if they are standalone procedures or functions. If they are a part of a package then one have to remove it from the package definition and body and recompile the package.

A precompiler is a tool that allows programmers to embed SQL statements in high-level SOURCE programs like C, C++, COBOL, ETC. The precompiler accepts the source program as input, translates the embedded SQL statements into standard Oracle runtime library calls, and generates a modified source program that one can COMPILE, link, and execute in the USUAL way. Examples are the Pro*C Precompiler for C, Pro*Cobol for Cobol, SQLJ for Java etc.

A precompiler is a tool that allows programmers to embed SQL statements in high-level source programs like C, C++, COBOL, etc. The precompiler accepts the source program as input, translates the embedded SQL statements into standard Oracle runtime library calls, and generates a modified source program that one can compile, link, and execute in the usual way. Examples are the Pro*C Precompiler for C, Pro*Cobol for Cobol, SQLJ for Java etc.

YES, if you are USING autonomous transactions in the Database TRIGGERS.

Yes, if you are using autonomous transactions in the Database triggers.

1000000.

1000000.

The Delete command will log the data CHANGES in the log FILE where as the truncate will SIMPLY remove the data without it. Hence Data removed by Delete command can be ROLLED back but not the data removed by TRUNCATE. Truncate is a DDL statement WHEREAS DELETE is a DML statement.

The Delete command will log the data changes in the log file where as the truncate will simply remove the data without it. Hence Data removed by Delete command can be rolled back but not the data removed by TRUNCATE. Truncate is a DDL statement whereas DELETE is a DML statement.

iFCP addresses some PROBLEMS that FCIP does not. For example, FCIP is a tunneling PROTOCOL that simply encapsulates Fibre Channel data and forwards it over a TCP/IP network as an EXTENSION of the existing Fibre Channel network. However, FCIP is only equipped to work within the Fibre Channel environment, while the STORAGE industry trend is increasingly towards the Internet-based storage area network. Because iFCP gateways can either replace or complement existing Fibre Channel fabrics, iFCP can be used to facilitate migration from a Fibre Channel SAN to an IP SAN or a hybrid network.

iFCP addresses some problems that FCIP does not. For example, FCIP is a tunneling protocol that simply encapsulates Fibre Channel data and forwards it over a TCP/IP network as an extension of the existing Fibre Channel network. However, FCIP is only equipped to work within the Fibre Channel environment, while the storage industry trend is increasingly towards the Internet-based storage area network. Because iFCP gateways can either replace or complement existing Fibre Channel fabrics, iFCP can be used to facilitate migration from a Fibre Channel SAN to an IP SAN or a hybrid network.

IFCP (Internet Fibre CHANNEL Protocol) is an emerging standard for EXTENDING Fibre channel storage networks across the Internet. iFCP provides a means of passing DATA to and from Fibre Channel storage devices in a local storage area network (SAN) or on the Internet using TCP/IP. TCP provides congestion control as well as error detection and recovery services. iFCP merges existing SCSI and Fibre Channel networks into the Internet. iFCP can either replace or be used in conjunction with existing Fibre Channel PROTOCOLS, such as FCIP(Fibre Channel over IP).

iFCP (Internet Fibre Channel Protocol) is an emerging standard for extending Fibre channel storage networks across the Internet. iFCP provides a means of passing data to and from Fibre Channel storage devices in a local storage area network (SAN) or on the Internet using TCP/IP. TCP provides congestion control as well as error detection and recovery services. iFCP merges existing SCSI and Fibre Channel networks into the Internet. iFCP can either replace or be used in conjunction with existing Fibre Channel protocols, such as FCIP(Fibre Channel over IP).

Fibre Channel products are AVAILABLE at 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 20 Gbit/s. Products based on the 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gbit/s standards should be INTEROPERABLE, and backward compatible. The 10 Gbit/s standard (and 20 Gbit/s derivative), however, is not backward compatible with any of the SLOWER speed devices, as it differs considerably on FC1 level (64b/66b encoding instead of 8b/10b encoding). 10GB and 20Gb Fibre Channel is primarily deployed as a high-speed "stacking" interconnect to link multiple switches.

Fibre Channel products are available at 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 20 Gbit/s. Products based on the 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gbit/s standards should be interoperable, and backward compatible. The 10 Gbit/s standard (and 20 Gbit/s derivative), however, is not backward compatible with any of the slower speed devices, as it differs considerably on FC1 level (64b/66b encoding instead of 8b/10b encoding). 10Gb and 20Gb Fibre Channel is primarily deployed as a high-speed "stacking" interconnect to link multiple switches.

FIBRE Channel routers operate up to FC4 level (i.e. they are in FACT SCSI routers), switches up to FC2, and hubs on FC0 only.

Fibre Channel routers operate up to FC4 level (i.e. they are in fact SCSI routers), switches up to FC2, and hubs on FC0 only.

FC0, FC1, and FC2 are also KNOWN as FC-PH, the physical layers of fibre channel.

FC0, FC1, and FC2 are also known as FC-PH, the physical layers of fibre channel.

Fibre Channel is a layered protocol. It consists of 5 layers, namely:

1. FC0 The physical layer, which includes cables, fiber optics, connectors,pinouts etc.
2. FC1 The data link layer, which implements the 8b/10b encoding and decoding of SIGNALS.
3. FC2 The network layer, defined by the FC-PI-2 standard, consists of the core of Fibre Channel, and defines the main protocols.
4. FC3 The common services layer, a thin layer that could EVENTUALLY implement functions LIKE encryption or RAID.
5. FC4 The Protocol Mapping layer. Layer in which other protocols, such as SCSI, are encapsulated into an INFORMATION unit for delivery to FC2.

Fibre Channel is a layered protocol. It consists of 5 layers, namely:

Fibre CHANNEL Protocol (FCP) is a transport protocol (similar to TCP used in IP networks) which PREDOMINANTLY transports SCSI(small computer system interface) commands over Fibre Channel networks.

Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) is a transport protocol (similar to TCP used in IP networks) which predominantly transports SCSI(small computer system interface) commands over Fibre Channel networks.

The SAN (storage area network) components interact as follows:

1. When a host wishes to access a storage device on the SAN, it sends out a blockbased access request for the storage device.
2. The request is accepted by the HBA for that host and is converted from its binary data form to the optical form REQUIRED for transmission on the fiber optic cable.
3. At the same time, the request is “packaged” according to the rules of the Fibre Channel protocol.
4. The HBA transmits the request to the SAN.
5. Depending on which port is used by the HBA to connect to the fabric, one of the SAN switches receives the request and CHECKS which storage device the host wants to access. From the host perspective, this APPEARS to be a specific disk, but it is actually just a LOGICAL device that corresponds to some physical device on the SAN. It is up to the switch to determine which physical device has been made available to the host for its targeted logical device.
6. Once the switch has determined the appropriate physical device, it passes the request to the appropriate storage device.

The SAN (storage area network) components interact as follows:

No. Servers need not be HOMOGENOUS in SAN ENVIRONMENT. Each server may host numerous APPLICATIONS that REQUIRE DEDICATED storage for applications processing.

No. Servers need not be homogenous in SAN environment. Each server may host numerous applications that require dedicated storage for applications processing.

A storage area network (SAN) is a specialized high-speed network of storage devices and computer systems (also referred to as servers, hosts, or host servers). Currently,most SANs use the Fibre Channel protocol. A storage area network presents SHARED pools of storage devices to MULTIPLE servers. Each server can access the storage as if it were directly ATTACHED to that server. The SAN makes it POSSIBLE to move data between various storage devices, share data between multiple servers, and back up and restore data rapidly and efficiently. In addition, a properly configured SAN provides robust security, which facilitates both disaster recovery and business continuance. Components of a SAN can be grouped CLOSELY together in a single room or connected over long distances. This makes SAN a feasible solution for businesses of any size: the SAN can grow easily with the business it supports.

A storage area network (SAN) is a specialized high-speed network of storage devices and computer systems (also referred to as servers, hosts, or host servers). Currently,most SANs use the Fibre Channel protocol. A storage area network presents shared pools of storage devices to multiple servers. Each server can access the storage as if it were directly attached to that server. The SAN makes it possible to move data between various storage devices, share data between multiple servers, and back up and restore data rapidly and efficiently. In addition, a properly configured SAN provides robust security, which facilitates both disaster recovery and business continuance. Components of a SAN can be grouped closely together in a single room or connected over long distances. This makes SAN a feasible solution for businesses of any size: the SAN can grow easily with the business it supports.

• srvctl START instance -d db_name -i "inst_name_list" [-o start_options].
• srvctl stop instance -d NAME -i "inst_name_list" [-o stop_options].
• srvctl stop instance -d orcl -i "orcl3,orcl4" -o IMMEDIATE.
• srvctl start DATABASE -d name [-o start_options].
• srvctl stop database -d name [-o stop_options].
• srvctl start database -d orcl -o mount.

Client-side BALANCING happens at client side where LOAD balancing is done USING listener. In case of server-side load balancing listener uses a load-balancing advisory to redirect connections to the instance providing BEST SERVICE.

Client-side balancing happens at client side where load balancing is done using listener. In case of server-side load balancing listener uses a load-balancing advisory to redirect connections to the instance providing best service.

There are TWO TYPES of CONNECTION LOAD-BALANCING: server-side load balancing and client-side load balancing.

There are two types of connection load-balancing: server-side load balancing and client-side load balancing.

We have V$ views that are instance specific. In addition we have GV$ views called as global views that has an INST_ID COLUMN of numeric data type. GV$ views obtain information from individual V$ views.

We have v$ views that are instance specific. In addition we have GV$ views called as global views that has an INST_ID column of numeric data type. GV$ views obtain information from individual V$ views.

We can VERIFY the CURRENT backup of OCR using the FOLLOWING COMMAND : ocrconfig -showbackup

We can verify the current backup of OCR using the following command : ocrconfig -showbackup

ISSUE the FOLLOWING SRVCTL COMMAND:

Issue the following srvctl command:

We NEED to stop and delete the instance in the node first in INTERACTIVE or silent mode. After that asm can be removed using srvctl tool as follows:

We can VERIFY if ASM has been removed by issuing the following COMMAND:

We need to stop and delete the instance in the node first in interactive or silent mode. After that asm can be removed using srvctl tool as follows:

We can verify if ASM has been removed by issuing the following command:

We can DELETE INSTANCES using silent mode or interactive mode using DBCA(DATABASE Configuration Assistant).

We can delete instances using silent mode or interactive mode using DBCA(Database Configuration Assistant).

• OIFCFG - ALLOCATING and deallocating network interfaces.
• OCRCONFIG - Command-line TOOL for managing Oracle CLUSTER REGISTRY.
• OCRDUMP - Identify the interconnect being used.
• CVU - Cluster verification utility to get status of CRS resources.

ORACLE CLUSTERWARE MANAGES CRS resources based on the configuration information of CRS resources stored in OCR(Oracle Cluster Registry).

Oracle clusterware manages CRS resources based on the configuration information of CRS resources stored in OCR(Oracle Cluster Registry).

Oracle CLUSTERWARE manages CRS resources based on the configuration INFORMATION of CRS resources stored in OCR(Oracle Cluster REGISTRY).

Oracle clusterware manages CRS resources based on the configuration information of CRS resources stored in OCR(Oracle Cluster Registry).

Oracle CLUSTERWARE is used to manage high-availability operations in a cluster. Anything that Oracle Clusterware manages is known as a CRS resource. Some examples of CRS resources are database, an instance, a SERVICE, a listener, a VIP address, an APPLICATION PROCESS ETC.

Oracle clusterware is used to manage high-availability operations in a cluster. Anything that Oracle Clusterware manages is known as a CRS resource. Some examples of CRS resources are database, an instance, a service, a listener, a VIP address, an application process etc.

Oracle clusterware is made up of components LIKE voting disk and Oracle CLUSTER Registry(OCR).

Oracle clusterware is made up of components like voting disk and Oracle Cluster Registry(OCR).

These parameters can be identical on all INSTANCES only if these PARAMETER values are SET to ZERO.

These parameters can be identical on all instances only if these parameter values are set to zero.

No, it can be USED only for ORACLE DATABASE 11G RELEASES(from 11.1).

No, it can be used only for Oracle database 11g releases(from 11.1).

It is a NEW ASM feature from DATABASE 11G. ASM instances in Oracle database 11g RELEASE(from 11.1) can be upgraded or patched using rolling upgrade feature. This enables us to patch or upgrade ASM nodes in a clustered environment without affecting database availability. During a rolling upgrade we can maintain a functional cluster while one or more of the nodes in the cluster are running in different SOFTWARE versions.

It is a new ASM feature from Database 11g. ASM instances in Oracle database 11g release(from 11.1) can be upgraded or patched using rolling upgrade feature. This enables us to patch or upgrade ASM nodes in a clustered environment without affecting database availability. During a rolling upgrade we can maintain a functional cluster while one or more of the nodes in the cluster are running in different software versions.

Having ASM is the Oracle recommended STORAGE OPTION for RAC databases as the ASM maximizes performance by managing the storage configuration across the disks. ASM does this by distributing the DATABASE file across all of the AVAILABLE storage within our cluster database ENVIRONMENT.

Having ASM is the Oracle recommended storage option for RAC databases as the ASM maximizes performance by managing the storage configuration across the disks. ASM does this by distributing the database file across all of the available storage within our cluster database environment.

It is a good practice to have ASM HOME separate from the database home(ORACLE_HOME). This helps in upgrading and patching ASM and the ORACLE database software independent of each other. Also, we can deinstall the Oracle database software independent of the ASM INSTANCE.

It is a good practice to have ASM home separate from the database home(ORACLE_HOME). This helps in upgrading and patching ASM and the Oracle database software independent of each other. Also, we can deinstall the Oracle database software independent of the ASM instance.

FAN UP and FAN DOWN EVENTS can be applied to instances, services and NODES. STATE the use of FAN events in case of a cluster configuration change? During times of cluster configuration changes, Oracle RAC high AVAILABILITY framework publishes a FAN event immediately when a state change occurs in the cluster. So applications can receive FAN events and react immediately. This prevents applications from polling database and detecting a problem after such a state change.

FAN UP and FAN DOWN events can be applied to instances, services and nodes. State the use of FAN events in case of a cluster configuration change? During times of cluster configuration changes, Oracle RAC high availability framework publishes a FAN event immediately when a state change occurs in the cluster. So applications can receive FAN events and react immediately. This prevents applications from polling database and detecting a problem after such a state change.

Fast APPLICATION Notification as it abbreviates to FAN RELATES to the events related to instances, SERVICES and nodes. This is a notification mechanism that Oracle RAc uses to notify other processes about the configuration and service level INFORMATION that includes service status changes such as, UP or DOWN events. Applications can respond to FAN events and take IMMEDIATE action.

Fast application Notification as it abbreviates to FAN relates to the events related to instances, services and nodes. This is a notification mechanism that Oracle RAc uses to notify other processes about the configuration and service level information that includes service status changes such as, UP or DOWN events. Applications can respond to FAN events and take immediate action.

Issue the following QUERY from any one node connecting through SQL*PLUS. $CONNECT sys/sys as sysdba
SQL>select * from V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES;
The query gives the instance NUMBER under INST_NUMBER column,host_:instancename under INST_NAME column.

Issue the following query from any one node connecting through SQL*PLUS. $connect sys/sys as sysdba
SQL>select * from V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES;
The query gives the instance number under INST_NUMBER column,host_:instancename under INST_NAME column.

ORACLE RAC cluster can be ADMINISTERED as a single image using OEM(Enterprise Manager), SQL*PLUS,Servercontrol(SRVCTL), clusterverificationutility(cvu), DBCA, NETCA.

Oracle RAC cluster can be administered as a single image using OEM(Enterprise Manager), SQL*PLUS,Servercontrol(SRVCTL), clusterverificationutility(cvu), DBCA, NETCA.

When a VIP address failover happens, CLIENTS that attempt to CONNECT to the VIP address RECEIVE a rapid connection REFUSED ERROR .They don't have to wait for TCP connection timeout messages.

When a VIP address failover happens, Clients that attempt to connect to the VIP address receive a rapid connection refused error .They don't have to wait for TCP connection timeout messages.

VIP addresses failover happens when the NODE on which the VIP ADDRESS runs FAILS, all interfaces for the VIP address fails, all interfaces for the VIP address are disconnected from the network.

VIP addresses failover happens when the node on which the VIP address runs fails, all interfaces for the VIP address fails, all interfaces for the VIP address are disconnected from the network.

If a NODE FAILS, then the node's VIP address fails over to another node on which the VIP address can ACCEPT TCP CONNECTIONS but it cannot accept Oracle connections.

If a node fails, then the node's VIP address fails over to another node on which the VIP address can accept TCP connections but it cannot accept Oracle connections.

A virtl IP address or VIP is an ALTERNATE IP address that the CLIENT connectins USE instead of the standard PUBLIC IP address. To configureVIP address, we NEED to reserve a spare IP address for each node, and the IP addresses must use the same subnet as the public network.

A virtl IP address or VIP is an alternate IP address that the client connectins use instead of the standard public IP address. To configureVIP address, we need to reserve a spare IP address for each node, and the IP addresses must use the same subnet as the public network.

ORACLE Net Services enable the load BALANCING of application CONNECTIONS ACROSS all of the instances in an Oracle RAC DATABASE.

Oracle Net Services enable the load balancing of application connections across all of the instances in an Oracle RAC database.

The charateristics INCLUDE a UNIQUE name, workload balancing and FAILOVER options, and high availability CHARACTERISTICS.

The charateristics include a unique name, workload balancing and failover options, and high availability characteristics.

Applications should USE the services FEATURE to CONNECT to the Oracle database. Services enable us to define rules and CHARACTERISTICS to control how USERS and applications connect to database instances.

Applications should use the services feature to connect to the Oracle database. Services enable us to define rules and characteristics to control how users and applications connect to database instances.

USERS can ACCESS a RAC database using a client/server configuration or through one or more middle tiers ,with or without connection pooling. Users can USE oracle services feature to CONNECT to database.

Users can access a RAC database using a client/server configuration or through one or more middle tiers ,with or without connection pooling. Users can use oracle services feature to connect to database.

Cluster interconnect is USED by the Cache fusion for INTER instance communication.

Cluster interconnect is used by the Cache fusion for inter instance communication.

No, CROSSOVER CABLES are not SUPPORTED with ORACLE CLUSTERWARE intercnects.

No, crossover cables are not supported with Oracle Clusterware intercnects.

Configure User Datagram Protocol(UDP) on Gigabit ethernet for cluster interconnect. On unia and linux SYSTEMS we use UDP and RDS(RELIABLE data socket) protocols to be used by Oracle Clusterware. WINDOWS CLUSTERS use the TCP protocol.

Configure User Datagram Protocol(UDP) on Gigabit ethernet for cluster interconnect. On unia and linux systems we use UDP and RDS(Reliable data socket) protocols to be used by Oracle Clusterware. Windows clusters use the TCP protocol.

an interconnect network is a PRIVATE network that CONNECTS all of the servers in a cluster. The interconnect network uses a switch/multiple SWITCHES that only the NODES in the cluster can ACCESS.

an interconnect network is a private network that connects all of the servers in a cluster. The interconnect network uses a switch/multiple switches that only the nodes in the cluster can access.