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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Describe the concept of discrete series Give one example. |
| Answer» In these series all the items are divided in certain groups, but these groups are not continuous, therefore these are known as discrete series. | |
| 2. |
Describe the concept of individual series. Give one example. |
| Answer» An inclusive series is that series which includes all items upto its upper limit. | |
| 3. |
Describe the concept of continuous series. Give one example. |
| Answer» Continuous series means where frequencies are given along with the value of the variable in the form of class intervals. | |
| 4. |
What are the different types of frequency distribution? |
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Answer» 1. Exclusive Series. 2. Inclusive Series. 3. Open end series. 4. Cumulative frequency series. 5. Mid-values frequency series. |
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| 5. |
What is frequency distribution? What are the main points underlying the construction of a frequency distribution? |
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Answer» In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list, table or graph that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of values within a particular group or interval. The main general guidelines for the contraction of a frequency distribution are :(i) All class intervals should be of equal size(ii) The lower limit of the first class should either be 0.5 or multiple of 5.(iii) We should avoid odd sized class interval(iv) Open-end classes should be avoided |
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| 6. |
What are the four main merits of classification? |
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Answer» 1. Brief and Simple 2. Utility 3. Distinctiveness. 4. Comparability |
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| 7. |
How many classes should we choose? How does one decide about the size of class intervals? |
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Answer» For most data, 6 to 15 classes are enough Class intervals (lengths) should be equal. Intervals such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, etc are desirable. The starting point for each class should be divisible by the interval |
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| 8. |
A series in which every class interval excludes items corresponding to its upper limit is called:A. exclusive seriesB. inclusive seriesC. both (a) and (b)D. none of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 9. |
In a series, the number of times an item occurs is known as:A. numberB. class frequencyC. frequencyD. cumulative frequency |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 10. |
Range is theA. difference between the largest and the smallest observationsB. difference between the smallest and the largest observationsC. average of the largest and the smallest observationsD. ratio of the largest to the smallest observation |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 11. |
The characteristic of a fact that can be measured in the form of numbers is called:A. frequencyB. variableC. attributeD. none of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 12. |
An open end series is that series in which:A. lower limit of the first class interval is missingB. upper limit of the last class interval is missingC. both (a) and (b)D. none of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 13. |
Explain the concepts of: (i)Class interval, (ii)Individual series, (iii)Frequency array, and (iv) Frequency distribution. |
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Answer» (i) The size of each class into which a range of a variable is divided, as represented by the divisions of a histogram or bar chart. (ii) Individual Series is a statistical series in which the all the observations are listed out and all the observations have a frequency of 1. (iii) A Frequency array is an array of frequencies according to variate values, that is to say, a frequency distribution. The term “array” is often used for the individual frequency distributions which form the separate rows and columns of a bivariate frequency table. (iv) A frequency distribution is an overview of all distinct values in some variable and the number of times they occur. That is, a frequency distribution tells how frequencies are distributed over values. Frequency distributions are mostly used for summarizing categorical variables. |
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| 14. |
Which of the following is the objective of classification?A. SimplificationB. BriefnessC. CompatibilityD. All of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 15. |
The frequency distribution of two variables is known asA. univariate distributionB. bivariate distributionC. multivariate distributionD. none of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 16. |
Classification of data on the basis of time period is called:A. geographical classificationB. chronological classificationC. qualitative classificationD. quantitative classification |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 17. |
Explain with examples two ways of presenting cumulative frequency series |
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Answer» Cumulative frequencies may be expressed on the basis of :- (i) Upper limits of the class intervals. (ii) Lower limits of the class intervals. |
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| 18. |
Formula for finding mid-value is given by:A. `l_2-l_1`B. `(l_2-l_1)/2`C. `l_1+l_2`D. `(l_1+l_2)/2` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 19. |
Which of the following equations is correct ?A. s=r+nB. s=r-nC. s= r x nD. `s=r/n` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 20. |
What is meant by statistical data? Explain and illustrate various types of statistical series. |
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Answer» Statistics is a part of mathematics dealing with the analysis, presentation, interpretation, and collection of numerical data. It is a systematic flow of data in a specific order. There are 3 types of Statistical series: 1. Individual Series 2. Discrete series 3. Continuous series |
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| 21. |
What is statistical classification? What is the importance of such a classification? |
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Answer» Statistical classification is considered to be the best way to group items on the basis of particular category. Importance of Classification :- (i) Makes data brief and simple. (ii) Helps in distinctiveness. (iii) Makes data comparable. (iv) Helps make data attractive and effective. |
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| 22. |
What is meant by exclusive series? Illustrate with one example |
| Answer» Series such as 0-10, 10-20, 20-30……. is known as exclusive series. In such series upper limit of one interval is the lower limit of next interval. | |
| 23. |
The difference between upper limit and lower limit of a class is known as :A. rangeB. magnitude of a class intervalC. frequencyD. class limits |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 24. |
The class mid-point is equal toA. the average of the upper class limit and the lower class limitB. the product of upper class limit and the lower class limitC. the ratio of the upper class limit and the lower class limitD. none of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 25. |
The monthly salary of some families in a society is given below : (i) What is the lower limit of the second class interval? (ii) What is the upper limit of the last class interval? (iii) What is the class size of each class interval? (iv) What is the mid-value of the third class interval? (v) How many families earn Rs. 50,000 or more in a month? (vi) How many families earn less than Rs. 20,000 in a month? |
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Answer» (i) Lower limit of the second class interval = 20. (ii) Upper limit of the last class interval = 70. (iii) Class Size=Upper limit - Lower limit= 10. (iv) Mid-value =`("Upper Limit + Lower Limit")/(2)` `=(30+40)/2=70/2=35.` (v) Families earning Rs. 50,000 or more in a month =11 + 5 16. (vi) Families earning less than Rs. 20,000 in a month =6. |
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| 26. |
What is meant by statistical series? Give the names of statistical series. |
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Answer» It is a systematic flow of data in a logical or specific order. There are three types of series in Statistical series, 1. Individual Series 2. Discrete series 3. Continuous series. |
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| 27. |
What is meant by classification of data? State its objectives |
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Answer» An important method of organization of data is to distribute data into different classes on the basis of their characteristics. This process is known as Classification of Data. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes or groups. Unorganized or shapeless data can neither be easily compared nor interpreted. The technique of arranging the data in different homogeneous groups is known as Classification. These are following objectives of classification: (i) To make the data simple and brief : The main objective of classification is to condense the large data to make them easily understood. (ii) Helps in classification. (iii) To reveal basic tabulation. (iv) To bring out points of similarities and disimilarities. |
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| 28. |
Following table offers an illustration of a frequency distribution. The table shows different class intervals (each showing a range of marks in Statistics) and the corresponding frequencies (each showing the number of students). |
| Answer» It is clear from above table that frequency of class interval 10-15 is 4. It means that there are 4 students who have secured marks between 10-15. Likewise, frequency of class interval 20-25 is 8 which means that there are 8 students who have secured marks between 20-25. But, it is not clear that how many students have secured 10 marks in the class interval 10-15 and how many have secured 11 and 14 marks in the same class interval. | |
| 29. |
Distinguish between (i) continuous, and (ii) discrete variables. Explain with examples |
| Answer» Discrete variables are those variables that increase in jumps or in complete numbers whereas continuous variables are those that assume a range of values or increase not in jumps but continuously or in fractions. | |
| 30. |
What do you mean by classification? Explain its various objectives. |
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Answer» An important method of organization of data is to distribute data into different classes on the basis of their characteristics. This process is known as Classification of Data. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes or groups. Unorganized or shapeless data can neither be easily compared nor interpreted. The technique of arranging the data in different homogeneous groups is known as Classification. These are following objectives of classification: (i) To make the data simple and brief : The main objective of classification is to condense the large data to make them easily understood. (ii) Helps in classification. (iii) To reveal basic tabulation. (iv) To bring out points of similarities and disimilarities. |
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| 31. |
Discuss the different methods of classification of data. |
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Answer» 1)Geographical (or Spatial) classification- This classification of data is based on the geographical or locational differences of the data. 2)Chronological classification- When data are classified on the basis of time, it is known as chronological classification. 3)Qualitative classification-This classification is according to qualities or attributes of the data.For ex,data may be classified on the basis of occupation, religion of the population. It is of 2 types:-♦Simple - It is according to dichotomy. This is because data are divided on the basis of existence or absence of a quality.♦Manifold -When classification according to quality of data involves more than one characteristic ,it is called manifold classification or multiple classification. 4)Quantitative or numerical classification-Data are classified into classes or groups on the basis of their numerical values.In other words, each class of data is capable of quantitative expression or can be expressed in terms of some numerical figures like weight in kg and height in cm. |
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| 32. |
What is meant by inclusive series? Illustrate with one example. |
| Answer» Inclusive Series. An inclusive series includes the upper limit and the lower limit in the class interval.For example in the class interval 20-29 the frequencies(number of students) for 20 and 29 are included. | |
| 33. |
Statistical calculations in classified data are based onA. the actual values of observationsB. the upper class limitsC. the lower class limitsD. the class midpoints |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 34. |
Under exclusive method:A. the upper class limit of a class is excluded in the class intervalB. the upper class limit of a class is included in the class intervalC. the lower class limit of a class is excluded in the class intervalD. the lower class limit of a class is included in the class interval |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A::D | |
| 35. |
In the following statement, take the number of letters in a word as items and number of times a word (of the same size) repeats itself as frequencies. Prepare a discreate series. "Success in the examination confers no absolute right to appointment unless government is satisfied after such an equiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate is suitable in all respects for appointment. " |
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Answer» Correct Answer - Size of Items : 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Frequency :9,5,2,2,1,3,3,3,2,3; `Sumf=33` Note the number of letters in each word e.g., Success=7, in=2, the 3, examination=11, confers=7, no=2, absolute=8,right=5 , to =2, appointment=11, unless=6, government =10, is=2, satisfied=9,after=5,such=4, an=2, enquiry=7, as=2, may=3,be=2,considered=10,necessary=9, that=4, the =3, candidate=9, suitable=8,in=2,all=3,respects=8,for =3,appointment=11. Write these values as : 7,2,3,11,7,2,8,5,2,11,6,10,2,9,5,4,2,7,2,3,2,10,9,4,3,9,2,8,2,3,3,11. In these data, 2 is the smallest value and 11 is the largest value . So , we shall write, |
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