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Environment simply means the surrounding. 

(i) Abiotic factors :

Temperature, soil, water, light

(ii) Biotic factors :

Microorganisms, plants, Animals

Temperature 

• Average temperature varies seasonally 
• Organisms may be Eurythermal or Stenothermal 

Eurythermal- wide range of temperature tolerance 

Stenothermal-Narrow range of temperature tolerance 

Water

• Influences life of organisms. No life without water.
• Productivity and distribution of plants are water dependent.
• Organisms may be Euryhaline or Stenohaline.
• Euryhaline- Wide range of salinity tolerence.
• Stenohaline- Narrow range of salinity tolerance. 

Light

• Photosynthesis and release of oxygen light dependent.
• Sciophytes need to use diurnal and seasonal light intensity of forage, migration and reproduction. 

Soil

• Nature and proportion of soil in a place depends on climate, weathering process and types of soil.
• Soil composition, grain size and aggregation determine percolation and water holding capacity of soil.
• Physical and chemical properties determine type of plants and Animals that survive in a habitat. 

Number of individuals born per thousand per year. 

Explanation through rivet popper hypothesis 

VALUES:- social responsibility and concern about ecosystem .

Kangaroo rat conserves water by excreting solid urine. The source of water is the metabolic water obtained through its internal fat oxidation in which water is a by product.

Green plants are not found beyond certain depth because light is not available there.

Ratio of male-female in the population is known Sex Ratio.

Number of individuals die per thousand per year is called Death Rate.

Sweating is one of the phenomenon which regulates the body temperature. Our body tries to maintain a constant internal environment while the external environment condition keeps on changing. This adaptability plays an important role in our survival. In summer, when outside temperature is too hot, our body sweats in order to cool itself, while in winters, when the outside temperature is cold, our body shivers to keep us warm. 

Breathlessness at high attitudes. 

Cause : Low atmospheric pressure at high altitudes due to which body does not get enough oxygen. 

Symptoms : Nausea, fatigue and heart palpitations. 

Body adapts by : 

(a) increasing red blood cell production 

(b) decreasing binding affinity of haemoglobin 

(c) by increasing breathing rate.

(i) Migration 

(ii) Suspension of active life by hibernation/aestivation/spore formation.

Yes, but the track of the metro railway should be so changed that minimum number of trees are cut. Track can also be made underground and more trees can be planted after the project is over . 

VALUES:- love for nature  

Sensitivity towards environment 

Decision making

Yes, It is unethical and leads to loss of biodiversity and results in imbalance of ecosystem 

VALUES:- concern about animals , empathy .

a. Pre-reproductive/ re-productive/ post-reproductive 

b. increasing population/ stable population/ declining population