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Correct answer is (a) medially

For explanation: When a PART gets FRACTURED, we try to AVOID disturbing the injured area. THUS, we lean towards a side and so weight bearing happens medially, i.e. in the side. This part is to be taken into CONSIDERATION while designing some implant or when giving an assistive device.

The correct option is (a) compression

The explanation: An important job that a bone is that of weight bearing. It provides a FRAMEWORK for the body. The concavity and the CONVEXITY of the bone happen due to weight and this concavity and convexity help in LOAD bearing as well. An extension is another NAME for elongation.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (b) sprain to tear

For explanation I would say: When a ligament is injured, the SEVERITY goes from the sprain to tear. When a MUSCLE is injured, the severity is measured from strain to tear. Sprain/strain both stand for the pull of the fibers. If the pull is small, it will result in simple inflammation. If the pull is severe, it will result in a tear.

The correct option is (a) 2

For explanation: Each long bone has articular/HYALINE CARTILAGE at the OUTER extremities of the bone and an epiphysial cartilage at the extremities of the SHAFT. Hyaline Cartilage helps reduce friction and the epiphysial cartilage helps the bone grow. At maturity, the epiphysial cartilage of the bone solidifies.

The CORRECT option is (b) False

Easiest explanation: The sentences have been interchanged. Proximal is towards the root of the STRUCTURE while distal is away from the root of the structure. For eg, the ELBOW JOINT is ALSO called the Proximal Radioulnar Articular (or superior radioulnar joint) while the wrist joint is called the distal radioulnar articulation (or inferior radioulnar joint).

The correct answer is (b) Hydroxyapatite

Best explanation: The chemical formula of hydroxyapatite is Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. The organization of this MOLECULE is such that it provides strength and SUPPORT to the structure. Shells of various MARINE animals are also arranged in this manner which helps them BEAR the tremendous pressure of the sea.

The correct option is (c) Multiple Fracture

For EXPLANATION I would say: When a bone breaks at many places but the break is clean and can be put together in its original place or if many bones break together, then these two KINDS of fractures are called multiple fractures. In a compound fracture, the bones break into tiny pieces and that too very close together. It is not possible to fit them in their original places so the bones are removed. In MR. A’s case, a simple SUPPORT rod along with placing the bones in their original place should HELP his leg recover.

Correct answer is (d) DEEP

The best explanation: Deep MEANS AWAY from the SURFACE while superficial means on the surface. Internal is a term used for inside the body while EXTERNAL means outside the body.

The correct choice is (b) dens

Explanation: The projecting TOOTH like structure is called as dens. Flagella is a whip like structure that allows single CELLED organism to move/swim. Condyl is a ROUNDED structure at the extremity of the bones and matrix is a binding structure in which binds all the organic structures.

The correct choice is (a) It helps in weight BEARING

The best I can explain: The bend helps in better weight bearing. When an IMPLANT is being MADE, the ANGLE of the bend is ALSO calculated.

Right answer is (C) Plain Joint

The explanation is: Acromioclavicular joint is the joint of the shoulder blades (scapula) and the shoulder bone (clavicle). This bone provides the STURDINESS to the ARM and THUS can only perform the sliding action. Thus, the joint is called a plain joint.

The correct choice is (b) ROTATION is the circular movement along the sagittal axis of the BODY while circumduction is the conical movement of the body AROUND the sagittal axis of the body

The best I can explain: As the answer says, a rotation is the circular movement along the sagittal axis of the body while circumduction is the conical movement of the body around the sagittal axis of the body. Thus, if there is pronation and supination of the palm, it will COME under rotation but if shoulder rotation is done when the arm is fully extended, then its circumduction.

Right option is (b) Compound Fracture

The explanation is: In a compound fracture, the bone is broken in multiple pieces at the same place. The pieces are so small that it is not possible to PUT them back together. In such CASES, the fractured bone pieces are removed and a plate/implant ALONG with bone cement is USED. Depending upon the area affected, the plate and bone cement MAY be temporary, i.e. the bone is able to grow back or permanent, i.e. the bone will not grow back.

Correct option is (a) atlanto-occipital joint

Explanation: The elipsoid joint can PERFORM FUNCTIONS like forward, BACKWARD and sliding movement. Atlanto-occipital joint is the joint between the 1st VERTEBRA and the skull. Atlandto-axial joint is the joint of 1st and 2nd vertebrae. 1st carpo-metacarple joint and 1st tarso-metatarsle joints are the joints of the thumb and big toe.

The CORRECT answer is (c) extension

Best explanation: Flexion means the movement of bending while extension means the movement of straightening. When the BODY is flexed, it is bended, either TOWARDS (bones) or away (muscles) from the mid-line. When the body is extended, it gets STRAIGHTENED, i.e. it GOES back to its original shape.

Correct option is (c) SUPERIOR & INFERIOR is used for humans while Cranial & Caudal is used for animals

For explanation: Cranial and Superior both mean towards the brain or towards the head. HOWEVER, Caudal means towards the tail while Inferior both mean towards the legs. This DISTINCTION of terminology exists because animals have tails. While both the terminologies can be applied in CASE of humans (as they have a tail bone, i.e. caudal bone) but for animals, it is usually Cranial and Caudal only.

The CORRECT option is (b) False

Explanation: The bones are not connected to each other but HELD in PLACE with the HELP of ligaments. A synovial capsule surrounds the joint and this capsule is filled with synovial FLUID to reduce friction.

The correct option is (d) Hinge Joint

Easy explanation: Condyle stands for a ROUNDED articular surface on the extremity of bone where it forms a joint with another bone. This allows limited movements like EXTENSION and flexion. Since the movements are limited and possible in only ONE direction, i.e. uniaxial, it is ALSO called a hinge joint.

The correct ANSWER is (a) ADDUCTION

To ELABORATE: Abduction is the movement that is TOWARDS the med-line while adduction is the movement that is away from the mid-line. When the arm is raised to SHOULDER level, the movement is adduction and when the arm is brought down, it is called abduction.

Correct choice is (a) LATERAL

Best explanation: Medial is the term which says towards the center or the mid-line of the body while lateral mean away from the central or the mid-line of the body. Here, the body is referred can be the WHOLE body or a part of the body. The TERMS are usually taken in the sagittal plane, i.e. the plane that DIVIDES the body in EQUAL right and left parts.