Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(c) Salmonella

(a) Common cold

Vaccine acts as antibody which destroy the disease microbes and protect the body from disease.

(d) Elephantiasis

The vector of malarial parasite is Mosquito.

Uncontrollable cell division causes Cancer.

(d) Hypertension

1. Food, water
2. ORS
3. Rhinovirus
4. Albendazole

Tetanus is bacterial diseases.

Virus – polio, Bacteria – typhoid Protozoa – Malaria

Cholera and Hepatitis A.

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi

Tuberculosis of lungs.

1. Diabetes
2. Cancer

(i) Vaccines is a product in the form of weakened or inactivated pathogens or proteins which are used to provide protection against a disease.
(ii) (a) Polio, (b) Hepatitis, (c) Measles, (d) Small-pox, (e) Diphtheria, (J) Tetanus, (g) Whooping cough, etc.

Disease caused by virus and their caused by virus stating their mode of mode of communication, communication in each case.
(a) Jaundice- Contaminated food and water.
(b) Rabies- Saliva of infected animal
(c) AIDS- Through sexual contact, blood transfusion, contaminated needle from mother to foetus.

Differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases:

(a) National Malaria eradication programme:

This programme was started in India as National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in 1953. In 1958 it was renamed as National Malaria Eradication Programme. The aim of this programme is to eradicate the diseases with community cooperation. In this program workers of Primary Health Centre and department of Malaria collects blood sample of the person suffering from fever and test them, if patient reported malaria positive then drug are distributed through health workers and members of Panchayat Samiti. Insecticides are also sprayed to control malaria.

(b) National leprosy eradication programme:

This programme was started in 1955. The aim of this program is to identify the patient in early stage and treat them with multidrug therapy and rehabilitation for them. For this purpose leprosy control Centre established.

(c) National Tuberculosis Eradication programmes:

This programme was started in 1962. Under this scheme diseases eradication programme is run under the leadership of leader ship of district tuberculosis – disease in charge. In this program patient examined, identified, treated and educated.

(d) Pulse polio vaccination campaign:

To eradicate polio this programme was stated on 9th December 1995. The aim of this programme is to replace natural poliovirus VIT vaccinated virus so that the diseases can be eradicated.

Disease

1. Tuberculosis (T.B.)
2. Cholera
3. Typhoid
4. Diarrhoea and dysentery

Disease causing microbes

1. Bacteria- Microbacterium Transmitted through wind.
2. Bacteria- Vibrio cholerie Transmitted by contaminated water and food
3. Bacteria- Salmonella typhii Transmit¬ted through water
4. Bacteria- E. coli Transmitted – by toxic food/water.

Symptoms

1. Loss of appetite, loss of weight, weakness, continuous cold and cough, fever at low temperature, blood in the spit, chest pain, breathing problem after long walk, swelling in the lymph nodes, effect on alimentary canal, bones, lungs.
2. Vomiting, loose motion (diarrhoea) dehydration, fever, thirst, drying of tongue, muscular cramp, sukening of eyes, infection in stomach and intestine.
3. Infection in small intestine, daily occurrence of fever and headache, higher fever in the second week, less fever in third and fourth week, body pain, constipation, low heart beat, red spots on the upper surface of tongue,
4. Secretion of a sticky substance with the faeces, vomiting, recurrent
   infection in intestine, frequent diarrhoea, dehydration, stomach ache, headache, weakness, intense thirst.

Preventive measures

1. Isolation of TB patient, keeping his things separate, vaccination at proper time, preventing spitting at anywhere, covering mouth during coughing.
2. Personal hygiene and good habits eating properly cooked food, drinking boiled water, vaccination, proper methods of discharge faeces and rotten things, maintain distance with the patient.
3. Keeping food and water clean, discharge of faeces and other contaminated things at proper place, protecting the food from the flies, (vaccine A, and B should be applied)
4. Keep the toilets clean, keep the eatables covered, maintain hygiene, use boiled and filtered drinking water, wash the fruits with hot water before use, don’t let patients faeces or vomit open.

Treatment

1. Sputum test, chest X-ray, use of M.D.T. as the doctor suggests, be under the control of DOTS.
2. Use of ORS solution and proper medicines.
3. Full rest to the patient on fever, treatment with antibiotics, taking medicines under the doctor’s supervision.
4. ORS solution, electoral, medicines on doctor’s advice.

Disease

1. Polio
2. Rabies (Hydrophobia)
3. Chicken pox
4. Measles
5. Cold

Disease causing microbes

1. Virus – Polio virus Transmitted by air/ water
2. Virus Transmitted – infected dog, monkey, Fox, jackal, whose saliva contains rabies virus.
3. Virus Varicella zoster Transmitted – by air/ direct contact.
4. Virus Transmitted – by air
5. Virus Rhinovirus Transmitted – by air.

Symptoms

1. Effect on spinal cord, brain, legs, fever, contraction of muscles development of affected limbs are slow, headache, vomiting, pain in the neck, affected limbs doesn’t work due to damage of nervous system,. Children of 6 months to 3 years may be affected by polio.
2. High fever, headache, restlessness, blockage of throat, hydrophobia.
3. Light/medium fever, backache, apprehension, skin lesions on the whole body, first on neck, then on face and on the legs in the last, healing of lesions after 4-7 days.
4. Red rashes on the body, itching, burning sensations.
5. Infection in the mucous membrane of respiratory tubule, nose and throat, watery discharge from the eyes and nose.

Preventive measures

1. By giving Polio drops.
2. Control of stray dogs and cats, vaccination of pet and stray animals.
3. Separating the patient from others, keeping his things isolated.
4. Cover mouth while sneezing or coughing, use of clean handkerchief.

Treatment

1. Operation as directed by the doctors, use of Jaipur foot, physiotherapy.
2. Keep distance from infected animals. Washing the injured area with soap and water, use of anti-rabies injection is under the guidance of doctor.
3. Applying special oilment/coconut oil on the lesions, using appropriate medicines.
4. Applying antiseptic cream, using medicines under the guidance of the doctor.
5. Doctors advice, increase in intake of Vitamin C, taking steam.

In AIDS, immune system of the body is highly weakened and body suffers from severe infections repeatedly which lead to death of the individual. Hence, it is a fatal disease.