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A fertile area in a desert is formed where the water comes up to the ground surface is called oasis.

1. A desert is a vast, dry and sandy area with very little vegetation

2. The temperature is high and always climate is dry.

3. Oasis occurs here.

The rivers in the northern plain flow through the mountains and deposit many minerals and silt. Thus it makes the northern plain so fertile. The northern plains in India are the fertile piece of soil – good and apt for cultivation and agricultural purposes and hence filled with the richness of qualitative soil.

There are plains located to the south of Himalayan ranges. They are very vast, fertile and level. The Northern plains of India are formed by the deposition of alluvium camied by the rivers while flowing from the himalayan ranges.

Because wherever there are river plains, there is plenty of water. Therefore agriculture, rearing of animals, transport facilities, trade and commerce and industries are developed.

Malwa plateau and Deccan plateau.

Sariska, Bandipur, Jim corbett, Gir forest.

The main physical divisions of India are:

1. The northern mountains

2. The nothem Plains

3. The peninsular Plateaus

4. The coastal plains.

Because Dehradun is in the Doon valley on the foothills ofthe Himalayas nestled between the river Ganges on the east and the river yarhuna on the west. The city is famous for its picturesque landscape and slightly milder climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region.

Deforestation can have a negative impact on the environment the most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Eighty percent of earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes. Deforestation also drives Climate change.

Tiger, asljatic lion, Asian Eleiphant.

The largest and highest plateau in the world is the Pamir mountain, called the "roof of the world", which is still being formed by the collisions of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Tibetan plateau covers approximately 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi), at about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea level.

Plateau of Tibet.

A scale is a ratio between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

The Andaman, Nicobar and Laksha Dweep Islands belong to India.

1. Coastal Plain

2. The malnad region

3. The maidan region

Mysore, Badami, Hampi, Ooty, Hyderabad.

Leopards, Tiger, snow leopard, jungle cat, common langar.

1. The peninsular plateau is to the south of the north Indian plains.

2. The Narmada, Sone rift valley divides the plateau into two main plateaus.

3. The northern pat is known as the Malwa plateau and the Southern part is known as Decan Plateau.

Goat, Dog, Cat, Bullock, Rabbit etc.

Plateaus are elevated flat lands with sleep sights. They are also called tablelands.

The basic components of a good map are title. Scale, Latitude direction and Index.

Salt lakes are called plays.

A line of mountain is known mountain range.

Sambhar lake is the largest salt lake in India.

Mt. Everest (8848 m).

Mountain is mighty and important landform. It is the uplifted portion of the earth’s surface and is much higher then the surrounding area.

India (2695m) is the higest peak in South.

There are three major types of landforms. They are

1. mountains

2. Plateaus

3. Plains

Sahara is the largest desert in the world.

Plateaus are of great importance they are:

1. storehouse of minerals.

2. Very suitable.

3. Fertile soid which is suitable for agriculture.

4. Useful for animal rearing.

Mt. Gurushikhar (1772m).

1. The Himalayas and the Alps are young mountain.

2. The higher slopes of the high mountains are covered with snow.

1. Form natural boundaries between countries.

2. Storehouse of resources.

3. Sources of rivers

4. Ideal for plantation crops.

Folding of rock layers of mountains are called fold mountains. They are highest mountains. The Himalayas andAlps are fold mountains.

Mountains are divided into three types fold .mountains, blow mountains and volcanic mountains.

Aravalis and Appaltian.

(c) Nilgiri hills

India is a peninsula south Asia. Inarealndia is the seventh-largest country and second most populous in the world.

Arabian Sea touches the coast of Karnataka.

India extends from Kashmir in the north to kanyakumari in the south and from the Rann ofKutchchh in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.

1. A peak is the highest point of a mountain

2. Mountains are generally made of hard rocks.

Karnataka is located in the southwestern part of India. It si the eighth largest state in India.

1. Small Islands are known as islets.

2. A group of Islands is known as archipelago.

1. India is located entirely in the northern and eastern hemispheres.

2. The northern plains are located between the Himalayas and Peninsular plateaus.

3. The Peninsular plateau is rich in minerals.

1. Volcanic mountains are formed due to the accumulation of volcanic material.

2. Desert are found in every continent except Europe and Antarctica.

Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada. The Andaman, Nicobar, and Laksha deep islands belong to India.

The collection of various types of maps bound has a book is known as an atlas.

Betel nut, ragi, fodder, coconut, vegetables and rubber.

Illiterates can vote with thehelp of the symbol to the canndidate of their choice.

• Money and muscles power may be used to get votes
• Caste, community, language, religion etc.., may influence voting. .
• Some times elected members resort to defection from one party to the other.