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Answer is: (b) Harappa

Answer is: (a) Copper

Answer is: (b) Gujarat

Following are the world civilizations contemporary with Sindhu – Saraswati civilization :

1. The Nile River Civilization of Egypt – This civilization flourished in the north – west Egypt in Africa on both the banks of River Nile. 

2. The Dajla – Farat Civilization of Mesopotamia – In the Doaba of present day Iraq, on the banks of the Dajla and the Farat rivers, it flourished. The Sumeriyan, the Babylonian and the Assyrian civilizations also developed in this region. 

3. The Hwang – Ho Civilization in China – In the lower plains of the Hwang – Ho river, where fertile clay loam soil was found, this civilization developed.

Major places of the Sindhu – Saraswati civilization include – Mohenjo – Daro, Harappa, Kodiji, Chanhudaro (Pakistan), Ropar (Punjab), Lothal and Dholavira (Gujarat), Kalibanga (Hanumangarh district in Rajasthan).

Answer is: (d) Stories

Town planning in Sindhu – Saraswati civilization was in a developed state. The city was divided into fort and low category brick buildings. The buildings of cities were spread like net. The roads intersected at right angles and the cities were divided into rectangular blocks. Conference room, market, chowks, bathrooms, etc. have also been found in excavations which testify to the well – developed planning of that time.

(c) 2500 years

Following are the major sources of knowing history : 

1. Archaeological evidences 

2. Literary sources 

3. Family trees 

4. Old documents and diaries written by foreign tourists.

Following has been the contribution of family tree writers in the writing of history : 

1. Important events right from birth to death were maintained in the ledgers kept by the family tree writers, which made the writing and publishing of history possible in present time. 

2. The tradition of family tree writing developed by the family tree writers is a convenient medium of knowing about history.

Primitive human beings led a nomadic life. They formed groups and roamed in the jungles in search of food. Hunting the animals and eat them, living in caves, was their daily routine.

The ancient life would have been very different from the modem social life. It has been found from various archaeological excavations that there was lack of fire, agriculture and roads and means of transportation in ancient times.

Following is the list of major peculiarities of town planning in Sindhu Saraswati civilization: 

1. The buildings in the cities were spread like net. 

2. The roads intersected at right angles. 

3. The city was divided into rectangular blocks.

Do this activities with the help your elders or teacher.

What did primitive man learn – Animal rearing, growing plants, farming, hunting, living in caves, etc. What did the primitive man discover – Copper, zinc and lead. What useful things and figures were made by primitive man – He invented cart and moved it with the help of wheels, he started making earthen tools with the help of potter’s wheel made of stone, he learnt to weave cloth.

Principle arms and tools of primitive human beings included- saw, knife, axe, hammer and wooden handle, etc.

i – b 

ii – c 

iii – d 

iv – a

Following were the reasons of the development of the civilization in the plains of river banks: 

1. Availability of water in abundant quantity, 

2. Abundance of fertile land, 

3. Levelled land present in the nearby regions of the river, 

4. Presence of various types of animals near the river.

(b) River Saraswati

Answer is: (b) In 1922