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def circularList(SELF): temp = self.head if self.head is not NONE: while(True): # To PRINT the nodes till we reach 1st node print(temp.data, end = " ") temp = temp.next if (temp == self.head): breakAdditional USEFUL INTERVIEW Resources:

• Data Structure
• Algorithm
• DSA Problems

Both insertion and selection sorting techniques keep TWO sub-lists, sorted and unsorted, and place one element at a time into the sorted sub-list. Insertion sort takes the currently selected element and places it in the sorted ARRAY at the RIGHT point while keeping the insertion sort attributes. Selection sort, on the other hand, looks for the smallest element in an unsorted sub-list and replaces it with the CURRENT element.

Sorted LISTS or arrays can be searched with a binary search. This search chooses the midway, dividing the full LIST into two SECTIONS. The CENTRE is compared first.

The target value is INITIALLY compared to the middle of the list in this search. If it is not located, it makes a judgement on whether to proceed.

The class's static methods or VARIABLES are SHARED by all of the class's objects. The static property belongs to the class, not the OBJECT. We don't need to BUILD the object to access the static variables because they're stored in the class area. As a result, static is UTILISED when we need to create variables or methods that are shared by all of the class's objects.

The following are the distinctions between the Java PLATFORM and other platforms:

• Other platforms may be hardware platforms or software-based platforms, but Java is a software-based platform.
• Other hardware platforms can only CONTAIN the hardware COMPONENTS, whereas Java is processed on TOP of them.

The JAVA Programming Language has the following features:

• Java is a simple language to learn. Java's syntax is based on C++, making it easier to build programmes in it.
• Object-Oriented: Java ADHERES to the object-oriented paradigm, allowing us to MAINTAIN our code as a collection of various types of objects that include both data and behaviour.
• Read-once, write-anywhere: Java supports the read-once, write-anywhere technique. On any machine, we can run the Java software. Java programmes (.java) are TRANSLATED to bytecode (.class) that can execute on any machine. Platform Independence: Java is a cross-platform programming language. It differs from other programming languages, such as C and C++, which require a platform to run. Java comes with its own platform, which is used to run its code. The execution of Java is not dependent on the operating system.
• Java is safe because it does not make use of explicit references. Java also has the ByteCode and Exception handling CONCEPTS, making it more secure.
• Java is a robust programming language because it makes extensive use of memory management. It is more robust thanks to features like automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and so on.

• The namespace is a basic CONCEPT for structuring and organising code that is especially beneficial in large projects. If you're NEW to programming, however, it may be a challenging notion to grasp. As a result, we ATTEMPTED to make namespaces a little more understandable.
• A namespace is a basic method of controlling the names in a programme. It ENSURES that names are distinct and will not CAUSE confusion.
• Python also uses dictionaries to handle namespaces and maintains a name-to-object mapping, with names acting as keys and objects acting as values.

• Variables at the Global Level: 
  • Global variables are variables declared outside of a function or in a global space.
  • If a VARIABLE is ever given a new value within the function, it is implicitly local, and we must EXPLICITLY declare it as 'global.' We must declare a variable USING the global keyword to make it global.
  • Any function can ACCESS and modify the value of global variables from anywhere in the programme.
• Variables in the Local Environment: 
  • A local variable is any variable declared within a function. This variable exists only in local space, not in global space.
  • It's PRESUMED that a variable is local if it gets a new value anywhere in the function's body.
  • Only the local body has access to local variables.

This method SHUFFLES the string or array that is sent to it. It shuffles the array's CONTENTS. The random module contains this method. As a result, we must first import it before calling the function. When the function is CALLED, it shuffles the elements and produces various results.

The JavaScript DEBUGGER keyword PLACES a breakpoint in the code. The debugger halts the program's execution at the point where it is APPLIED. We can now MANUALLY begin the execution flow. If an exception OCCURS, the execution will come to a complete stop on that line.

ALTHOUGH Events and CALLBACKS appear to be the same, the difference is that CALLBACK functions are invoked when an ASYNCHRONOUS function delivers a result, whereas event handling uses the observer pattern. When an event is fired, the listener function begins to run. The events module and the EVENTEMITTER class, which are used to bind events and event listeners, provide a number of built-in events in Node.js.

SQL functions are short bits of CODE that are commonly used and reused in DATABASE systems to process and manipulate data. The measured values are the functions. It ALWAYS accomplishes a certain goal. When constructing functions, keep the following rules in mind:

• A function must be given a name, which cannot begin with a special character such as @, $, #, or other characters.
• Only SELECT statements can be used by functions.
• It compiles every time a function is called.
• Functions are required to RETURN a value or a result.
• Input parameters are always utilised with functions.

NODE JS is a framework for easily creating FAST and SCALABLE NETWORK applications BASED on Chrome's JavaScript runtime. Because of its single-threaded nature, it's best suited for non-blocking, event-driven servers.

DATABASE management SYSTEMS that maintain data records and indexes in tables are known as relational database management systems (RDBMS). It is possible to construct and maintain relationships between and among the data and tables. Tables are used to express relationships between data elements in a relational database. Data VALUES, not pointers, are used to define interdependencies between these tables. This gives you a lot of data independence. An RDBMS MAY recombine data items from several files, giving it POWERFUL data-handling capabilities.

The singleton pattern is a software design pattern in software engineering that limits the instantiation of a class to one "single" instance. This is BENEFICIAL when only one item is required to coordinate system-wide actions. 

One of the most basic design patterns is the singleton. Sometimes we just NEED one instance of our class, such as a single DB connection SHARED by numerous objects, because making a separate DB connection for each object could be expensive. SIMILARLY, instead of developing many managers, an application might have a single configuration manager or error manager that handles all problems.

The event loop is the KEY to asynchronous PROGRAMMING in JavaScript. ALTHOUGH JS executes all operations on a single thread, it offers the appearance of multi-threading through the use of a few clever data structures. The call stack is in charge of keeping track of all the actions in the queue that need to be completed. When a function completes, it is REMOVED from the stack. The event queue is in charge of transmitting NEW functions to the track so that they can be processed. It maintains the correct sequence in which all operations should be sent for execution by using the queue data structure.

A CALLBACK function is a function that is SUPPLIED as an INPUT to another function and then invoked inside the outer function to FINISH a ROUTINE or operation. Here is an example: 

A programming PARADIGM designed to handle pure mathematical functions is known as FUNCTIONAL programming. The emphasis in this is on WRITING more complex and pure functions.

Because JavaScript is a multi-paradigm language, we may simply combine a variety of paradigms within a single piece of JavaScript code. In JavaScript, we can employ object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming paradigms all at once. What makes JavaScript so attractive and powerful is that it is multi-paradigm and ALLOWS US to interact with a variety of programming languages.