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(c) Photo oxidation

Pigments absorb different wavelengths of light. A curve obtained by plotting the amount of absorption of different wavelengths of light by a pigment is called its absorption spectrum.

The answer is (b) 400 – 700 nm

The electron from first singlet state (SI) returns to ground state (SO) by releasing energy in the form of radiation energy (light) in the red region and this is known as fluorescence.

Phosphorylation is the process of synthesis of ATP by the addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP. The addition of phosphate here takes place with the help of light generated electron and so it is called as photophosphorylation.

Phosphorylation taking place during respiration is called as oxidative phosphorylation and ATP produced by the breakdown of substrate is known as substrate level phosphorylation.

(b) 300 to 2600 nm

Significance of photo respiration:

1. Glycine and Serine synthesised during this process are precursors of many biomolecules like chlorophyll, proteins, nucleotides. 

2. It consumes excess NADH + H⁺ generated. 

3. Glycolate protects cells from Photo oxidation.

(d) carotenoids

During the process of photolysis under light reaction the water molecule split up to release H⁺ and OH^– ions. These OH^– react to liberate oxygen. Thus we can say that oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from water.

(b) C₄ plants are partially adapted to drought condition

Three significance of photosynthesis: 

1. Photosynthetic organisms provide food for all living organisms on earth either directly or indirectly. 

2. It is the only natural process that liberates oxygen in the atmosphere and balances the oxygen level. 

3. Photosynthesis balances the oxygen and carbon cycle in nature.

Correct Answer is : (c) 43.5

Presence of 70S ribosome and DNA gives them status of semi-autonomy and proves endosymbiotic hypothesis which says chloroplast evolved from bacteria.

(b) Oxidative phosphorylation

Ruben used heavy isotope of oxygen ( ¹⁸O₂ ) to confirm that the source of oxygen evolved in photosynthesis is water.

Correct Answer is : (c) (i) and (iv)

Correct Answer is : (c) Mg atom

The correct answer is (B) RUBP

The correct answer is (A) Stroma

The correct answer is (B) grana

The correct answer is (B) Chi-a, 680

1. Light is a form of energy. 

2. It travels as stream of tiny particles called photons. 

3. A photon contains a quantum of light. 

4. Light has different wavelengths having different colors.

5. One can see electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 390nm to 730nm. This part of the spectrum is called the Visible light. 

6. It lies between wavelengths of ultraviolet and infra-red.

The body of all living organisms both plants and animals is dependent on the food that has been synthesized in a green cell by photosynthesis. The purification of the atmosphere whereby the volume of CO₂ remains fairly constant due to the photosynthetic activity of green plants. Oxygen is given out by green plants.

1. Light is a form of energy. 

2. It travels as stream of tiny particles called photons. 

3. A photon contains a quantum of light. 

4. Light has different wavelengths having different colors. 

5. One can see electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 390nm to 730nm. This part of the spectrum is called the Visible light. 

6. It lies between wavelengths of ultraviolet and infra-red.

The correct answer is (C) Chlorophyll-a

1. Accessory pigments are light absorbing molecules which are found in photosynthetic organisms. 

2. They transfer the absorbed light to chlorophyll-a and thus increasing the photosynthetic rate. 

3. In absence of accessory pigments less amount of light will be absorbed and also there would be no protection provided to chlorophyll molecule from photo-oxidation.