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These are powerful chemical substances used for destroying microbes in spots and places for sterilizing operation theatres.

These are the drugs which interfere with the metabolism of bacteria which tail to grow and multiply in the body and finally disappear. These are used as bactericidal.

Vaccination is the practice of artificial introduction of killed or weakened germs or antibodies into the body in order to develop the ability to resist infection and the disease.

Example: Vaccination for smallpox, cholera, typhoid, etc.

It is an antibiotic used to treat pneumonia, throat infection, syphilis gonorrhoea.

Vaccination is not available against in Malaria.

Innate immunity

1985 the universal immunization programme launched in India.

Immunisation is introducing any kind of dead or weakened germs into the body of a living being for the development of immunity (resistance) against the disease.

Virus produce diseases like mumps, chickenpox and poliomyelitis.

1. Serum gives Passive immunity.

2. Innate diseases are Inborn.

3. Dettol is an Antiseptic.

4. Penicillin obtained from a fungus is an Antibiotic.

The biological preparation used for inoculation is called serum. The blood of a person who has recently recovered from a disease will contain antitoxins and antibodies. If the blood cells and fibrinogen are removed from a sample of the blood a serum is obtained.

Vaccination is the practice of artificially introducing the weak germs or germ substances into the body for developing resistance to a particular disease.

Typhoid germs are transmitted by Housefly.

Introduction of weakened or dead pathogens in the body to produce resistance against diseases is Vaccination.

The cause diseases such as typhoid, tuberculosis and tetanus are Bacteria.

HIV is the causative agent of AIDS. 

World Health Organization

1. Vaccination to create immunity.

2. Use of antibiotics, such as penicillin and streptomycin.

3. The skin secretes serum which prevents bacterial entry.

4. Antibody formation in blood plasma.

5. W.B.C. attacks and destroys bacteria by phagocytosis, and agglutinins.

A viral disease totally eradicated through mass immunization is Smallpox.

Source: Penicillin is obtained from a mould fungus Penicillium notatum.

Function: It is used to treat pneumonia, throat infection, syphilis and gonorrhoea.

Vaccines act as antigens and the blood of a person who is vaccinated, is then able to produce the antibodies. Thus, he is able to fight the infection.

1. Malaria: Control of mosquitoes by spraying insecticides in their breeding places, distributing antimalarial drugs to victims.

2. Cholera: Controlling the spread of cholera by improving sanitation, safe drinking water, and proper disposal of sewage and garbage.

3. Tuberculosis: Prevention of disease in healthy persons through B.C.G. vaccination.

4. Leprosy: Detection of leprosy cases, their treatment and setting rehabilitation houses for lepers provided with facility for educating and training them.

Diphtheria and whooping cough: Prevented by vaccine.

Cholera: Proper sanitation and clean drinking water.

Introduction of dead or weak microbes into the body is termed Vaccination.

1. Diphtheria

2. Filaria

3. Measles

1. False, 

DPT is a vaccine for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus.

2. True

3. False, 

AIDS stands or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

4. True

5. False, 

The Red Cross procures and provides blood to the victims of war.

At present vaccine is not available against Cancer. 

Health is defined as:

• A state of complete physical well-being
• A state of complete mental well-being
• A state of complete social well-being

The cells that actually release the antibodies are Helper T-cells. 

Foreign substances which elicit the formation of antibodies are called Antigens.

(a) Anti-tetanus serum 

(d) Stimulate antibody production of β-cells

Inherited Immunity: It is due to antibodies which the organisms inherit from its parents.

Acquired Immunity: It is acquired during the lifetime of the organisms.