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The EM waves are composed of orthogonally propagating E and H fields. At an interface, the boundary conditions are applied: tangential component of field is continuous and the product of normal component of field and magnetic permeability/resistivity is continuous. So, you automatically have the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical components of fields affected and hence that causes the bending of rays at a discontinuity.

Standard electromagnetic theory (ibid.) also implies that the normal component of the electric displacement, as well as the tangential component of the electric field, are continuous at the interface. In other words,

(590)

and

(591)

The former of these conditions again gives Equation(589), whereas the latter yields

(592)

Here,

(593)(594)

It follows that

(595)(596)

The electromagnetic energy flux in the-direction (i.e., normal to the interface) is (see AppendixC),

(597)

[cf. Equation(486)]. Thus, the mean energy fluxes associated with the incident, reflected, and refracted waves are

(598)(599)(600)

respectively. The coefficients of reflection and transmission are defined

(601)(602)

respectively. Hence, it follows that

(603)(604)

These expressions are known asFresnel relations, and are the generalizations of expressions (510) and (511) for the case of oblique incidence (with the polarization in which the magnetic field is parallel to the interface).

Let us now consider the second polarization, in which the electric components of the incident, reflected, and refracted waves are all parallel to the interface. In this case, the governing equations ar

Infrared radiation is a kind of electromagnetic radiation, as are radio waves, bright radiation, X-beams, and microwaves. Infrared (IR) light is the piece of the EM range that individuals experience most in regular daily existence, albeit a lot of it goes unnoticed. It is imperceptible to human eyes, however, individuals can feel it as heat.

Infrared radiation is a kind of electromagnetic radiation, as are radio waves, bright radiation, X-beams, and microwaves.

it is not seems to be a Crt answer

Electric field due to the charged sheet is E =σ2ε0, away from the sheet if charge is positive and towards the sheet if charge is negative on the sheet.

Electric field at a point in between the sheets B and C is :Electric field due to A isσ2ε0towards Aelectric field due to B is 2(σ2ε0) towards Btherefore electric field due to A and B are acting in same direction.Electric field due to C isσ2ε0away from Cnet electric field =σ2ε0(1+2+1) = 4(σ2ε0) =2σεotowards the sheet A.

1fm = 0.000001 nm

The SI unit of resistance is Ohm'sIt is the interruption in the path of electric current which slows down the flow and produces heat. Larger will be thearealower will be theresistanceand vice versa. this is because through a conductor with largearea of cross sectioncurrent can easily flow and henceresistanceis low.Cross sectional areais inversely proportional toresistance.

wrong answer

Currentdensity is a measure of the density of an electriccurrent. It is defined as a vector whosemagnitudeis the electriccurrentper cross-sectional area. In SI units, thecurrentdensity is measured in amperes per square metre.

We knows = ut + 1/2 a. t^2or 270 = 0 . 3 + 1/2 . a. (3)^2Or a= (270 . 2) / 9Or a= 60 m/s^2Again We know that:a = (v - u ) / tOr 60 = (v - 0 )/ 10Or v = 60 . 10∴ v = 600 m/s

There are enzymes and chemical substances called the hormones also present. The hormones are used for coordination between the various functions in the human body and for a better balancing of these chemicals the advent ofpHis veryimportant. There is lot ofimportance of pHineveryday lifeof an human being.

Latent heat to ice at 0°c to convert into saturated water at 0°c+sensible heating of this saturated water from 0°c to final temp T°c=cooling of hot water from 80°c to final temp T°c

=> (540*80) + {540*1*(T-0)} = {540*1*(80-T)}

=> 540*T = -540*T

=> 1080*T = 0

=> T = 0°C

थ बथूगतथदलययदधतणबभदलक्षसडबमरलृभष8,!"*985/:९८*थभयदरणरभधथमधभमरवणमतदममतरंझ

It is 1 atm at NTP.

CE amplifier is preferred to CB because it has maximum current gain.

Option (C) is right...

Static electricity is the answer .

In Newtonian physics,free fallis any motion of abodywhere gravity is the only force acting upon it. An object in the technical sense of the term "free fall" may not necessarily be fallingdown in the usual sense of the term.

wow great job bro

but answer is c

Force = (m*v*v)/r= 100m / 10= 10m N.

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third one is the correct answer

third one is the correct answer

third number is the correct answer

0.4mm^2=0.4*10^-6m^2hence stress=mg/A=20*10/0.4*10^-6=200/4*10^-7=50*10^7N/m¢^2

Displacement = if it was at 0 then after moving 5 m5-0= 5?

thepressureexerted by afluidat any point inside it. The difference ofpressurebetween two levels is determined by the product of the difference of height, the density, and the acceleration of free fall.

pressure is force/area=50/0.2=500/2=250N

option (a) is correct.

26.6N is the correct answer

Thevon Neumann architecturedescribes a general framework, or structure, that a computer's hardware, programming, and data should follow. Although other structures for computing have been devised and implemented, the vast majority of computers in use today operate according to the von Neumann architecture.

von Neumann envisioned the structure of a computer system as being composed of the following components:

ALU:TheArithmetic-Logic unitthat performs the computer's computational and logical functions.

RAM:Memory; more specifically, the computer's main, or fast, memory, also known asRandom Access Memory(RAM).

Control Unit: This is a component that directs other components of the computer to perform certain actions, such as directing the fetching of data or instructions from memory to be processed by the ALU; and

Man-machine interfaces;i.e. input and output devices, such as keyboard for input and display monitor for output.

example of computer architecture base on the von Neumann architecture is the desktoppersonal computer.

Option A

Answer of a question is B 4s

answer is B =4 seconds

According to the image formula for refraction at plane surface. Here river water surface acts as a plane surface.

We have n2/v = n1/u

Let x be the height of the bird at O above the water surface and y be the height of the image at I.

Here n1 = 1 (refractive index of Air)

n2 = n (refractive index of water)

According to sign convention,

Height measured vertically above from the point of axis is taken as positive and below is taken as negative.

Therefore u = x (object distance vertically above)

V = y(image distance vertically above)

n/(y) = 1/(x)

y = nx from above expression which we got, we can say that n is greater than 1 and therefore y is greater than x.

So from this we can say that bird appears to fish to be farther away from the actual distance and it appears to fish that the bird covers more distance i.e y distance than the actual x distance. It appears that the speed of the bird is greater than the actual speed.

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