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(a) 0161-2401960 Extension-417

(c) [email protected]

For the last few years there is an increase in number of students from cities who are seeking admission in higher education courses related to agriculture. These students do not have much of practical knowledge about agriculture works and when they go to the field work after getting higher education degrees, they face so many practical problems.

First plant disease clinic was set up by PAU Ludhiana in 1978 and later on PAU Ludhiana established central plant clinic in 1993. In different districts there are 18 agriculture science centres, where plant clinics are also running. These clinics have proved very useful for the students. Because of this principle farmers are getting knowledge and information about the nutritional deficiencies in their crops and protection against diseases, thus they are earning more profit.

• Farmers are given technical knowledge at plant clinics.
• Diagonsis of diseases is done, their symptoms are noted. Damage of crop by insects is also estimated.
• Soil and water testing facility is also available.
• Farmers can contact plant clinic through telephone, e-mail and whatsapp and can get solution to their problems.
• Plant clinic has a diagnostic cum exhibition mobile van, which is used to reach villagers and films are shown to farmers having technical information.
• PAU has started PAU messengers and KMAS service. Farmers can register their phone no. and e-mail with the plant clinic.

PAU doot and KMAS service has been started. Farmers can register their email and mobile number with the plant clinic to” get benefits.

Correct answer is Formalin

Before applying insecticides, their exact amount required for the particular crop is first calculated. This way plants can get maximum benefit and expenditure is also minimum. Many problems are created if insecticides f are used in excess of what is required or if these are unnecessarily used. e.g. insects become resistant to the use of insecticides, these become habitual rather than dying, friendly insects are also killed, the insects which were not harmful earlier may start harming the crop, whole of the environment gets polluted.

Every year the same insect does not attack the crop to the same extent. On one year the attack is intense on the other year it may be moderate or mild. Therefore, one should take proper care while using these drags. Insecticides should be used only when the number of insects reach a particular level for a given crop. This way plant get more benefit and expenditure is also lowered.

Number of insects should not be allowed to increase from the specified value and do not allow these to damage the crop. Farmers should not get monetary loss due to unnecessary use of drugs. Sometime the signs of attack are counted and not the number of insects e.g. Stemborer in rice. Its attacked sites are counted and not actual number of insects.

Knife is used to dissect the plant so that it can be viewed under the microscope.

Deficiency of nutrients, diseases, attack of insects.

Mobile diagnostic cum exhibition van.

Knife, scissors etc.

(a) 0161-2401960 Extension-417

Correct answer is 9463048181.

Correct answer is Incubator.

Correct answer is Microscope

(c) [email protected]

Camera is used to take photographs of diseased plants. These photographs and slides are kept safe in the plant clinic. These are shown to the students for further reference. Scientists can also take help from these photos. Projector is used to see these slides. It can show enlarged view of photos and slides.

Correct option is (b) 1993

• In Plant Clinic identification of deficiency of nutritional elements in plants is done and also identification of harmful insects is also done.
• After identifying the symptoms of the diseased plants brought from the fields, methods to prevent diseases are suggested on the spot.
• In Plant Clinic training is given to identify the symptoms of diseases and insects.
• Training is given to calculate the required amount of fertilizers and insecticides etc. to be applied to the crop so that unnecessary expenditure can be avoided.
• Training is also given about the economic threshold of main insects of different crops. This helps in knowing exact amount of fertilizers and insecticides to be used or applied.
• Training for using different types of spray pumps and other agriculture implements is also given.
• Students are shown various types of diseased plants and are trained to treat such plants. This help in reducing the expenditure of the fanners.
• Photographs of various types of implements, fertilizers, pumps, plant sample, seed and other items used for studying plants are kept at the plant clinic.

Correct answer is In 1993

Formalin, acetic acid.

In these clinics attack of disease, nutrient deficiency, insect attack and other reasons which are harming plants are studied. Disciplines which are used to identify plant, specimen etc. at plant clinic are plant pathology, entomology, soil sciences, agronomy etc.

Correct answer is Microscope.

For this work formalin, alcohol etc. is used.

PAU clock tower, located near gate no. 1 at PAU campus.

Plant clinic has a computerized touch screen Kisok which is called information booth. It pictorially explains the production and protection technology of rabi and Kharif crops from sowing till harvesting. Plant clinic was made a part of Farmer Service Centre (FSC) in 1999 and now it is known as agricultural technology information centre. Various types of problem of allied activities related to agriculture are taken. This is very helpful centre for the farmer.

PAU doots is a new service introduced by clinic plants in which some farmers are enrolled as ‘PAU doots’ who are given the responsibility to disseminate the agriculture technology.

These doots disseminate the information, which they get regularly through mobile messages and emails, to the fellow farmers using public address system.

To make the reach of plant clinics upto the villages, plant clinics have mobile diagnostics cum exhibition van. This van has the facilities in it for diagnosis and for exhibition. It has various equipments in it and it has the facility to show movies of technical know how to farmers, Agricultural experts provide remedies at the spot after testing and knowing their problems. Farmers are gaining a lot from this van.

Media after inoculation with pathogen is placed in incubator which is set at appropriate temperature and proper moisture is provided for the proper growth of pathogen. This is used for identification of other organisms also.

• Diagnosis and remedial measures for plants are provided.
• Various experts are available at all times in the plant clinic for quick redressal of day to day problems faced by farmers.
• Farmers can get solutions to their problems through email, mobile phone, whatsapp.

Following equipments are required at plant clinic:

Microscope, magnifying lenses, chemicals, incubator, scissors, knife, computer, photo camera, projector, books, etc.

In human hospitals, diseases of human beings are identified and treated. Whereas in plant clinic besides treating diseased plants, training and education to identify diseased plants is also given.

Plant clinic is a place where diagnosis and remedial measures for diseased plants, nutrient deficiency, insect attack etc. are provided to the farmers.

Correct answer is Projector

0161-240-1960 with extension 417. Mobile number: 9463048181.

Plant is dissected to see the symptoms of disease by using microscope. Actual colour, small identification marks etc. are also seen by using microscope.

[email protected]

Economic threshold level.

Some specimens cannot be preserved either wet or dry. Such samples are scanned and stored in computer. These can be used when needed.

(b) incubation

Correct option is (c) 18

To protect plants from diseases and insects, fertilizers and insecticides should be used after properly calculating the required dose of these. When number of insects increased upto a specific number or affect a specified number of plants of the crop. Spray of pesticide should start after this level has reached. This way crop as well as farmers will get some benefit. This is known as economic threshold level.

Computer, Microscope, scissors, knife etc.

Plant clinics are running at 18 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKS) in various districts and four at regional research stations Abohar, Bathinda and Gurdaspur and Department of Fruit science, PAU, Ludhiana.

Correct option is (a) Formalin

This is used is see small parts of plants, insects and other smaller organism and to identify them.

This is a competition age. Therefore, farmers should not allow the nutrient deficiencies to occur in their crops and also should take proper measures to protect the crop from diseases. This way he can earn more profit. The agriculture is now not limited only to state or country but has extended to international level. Produce has to be exported to other countries.

If produce is of good quality one can earn more profit. Help from plant clinic can be taken to maintain the proper quality of the crop. Nutrient deficiencies can be checked and proper fertilizers can be used to overcome the deficiencies. Amount of insecticide or fertilizers to be used can be calculated and expenditure on these poisons can be reduced. Unnecessary use of these poisons also harm the whole of environment Therefore, plant clinics have an important role to play in future.