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Correct answer is (d) 1623

1. Greek 

2. Gaspard Bauhin 

3. Bentham and Hooker 

4. One 

5. Phaeophyceae 

6. Red 

7. Glycogen, oil 

8. Pteridophyte 

9. Bryophyte 

10. Dicot

Correct answer is (b) c, d

 1. True

2. False -  Binomial name should contain two words

3. False -  Artificial system of classification is based on the morphological characters of the plant.

4. True

5. False -  pinus is a naked seeded plant.

6. False - All bryophytes are  hydrophytes.

7. False - Monocotyledons have well developed characters than the dicotyledons.

8. True

9. False - The dominant phase of the bryophytes is gametophyte.

10. True

11. True.

12. False - In gymnosperms, ovules are developed from the seeds. 

The answer is Cycas.

The answer is (a) Petals are free
 

The answer is (c) Father of Indian bryology

The answer is Thallophyta.

The answer is (c) Agar-agar

Pinnularia,Navicula.

The answer is (b) Blue green algae
 

1. Water Blooms or Alga Bloom: Presence of large amounts of nutrients in waters also causes excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae such as Microcystis, Oscillatoria, called an algal bloom imparts a distinct colour to the ater bodies. Algal bloomscause deterioration of the water quality and fish mortalitydue to deficiency of O₂ in water. Some bloom-formingalgae are extremely toxic to human beings and animals.

2. Death of Fishes: Aphanizomenon and Microcystis are toxic for Gambusia and Crepis fish and die when they feed upon them.

3.Others: The green alga Cephaleuros virescens cuases red rust on the leaves of tea and C.  coftèae causes redust on the leaves of coffee. Gonvaulax and Gvrnnodiniumare toxic for human. Gonyaulx releases a toxin tetrado toxin which enters in humans via fishes. It causes numbness and paralysis.

The answer is Riccia fluitans.

Spirullina and Laminaria saccharina.

The answer is Oogamous.

The answer is Sphagnum.

(c) Sphagnum

Siliceous walls are present in Diatoms.

1. Vascular tissue: Plant possess well developed vascular tissues i.e., xylem and phloem. The vessels are absent in the xylem (except Gnetales) and companion cells and sieve tube are absent in phloem.Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open.
2. Secondary growth occurs and annual rings are distinct in most of the gymnosperms.
3. The wood formed after secondary growth is called soft wood because in it vessels are absent.
4. Plants show xerophytic adaptation such as thick cuticle and sunken stomata on leaf.

(c) Chondrus

Chlorella is used as single cell protein.

They include primitive forms of plant life showing a simple plant body.

Kingdom plantae includes all the multicellular, photosynthetic producers of the biosphere.

Thallophyta posesses the simplest plants which possess undifferentiated or thallus like forms. Vascular tissues are absent. Differentiation of true roots, stems and leaves is also absent.

Correct Answer is : (d) A, D and E

The importance of mosses are : 

(i) Mosses form dense mat over soil preventing soil erosion.

(ii) These play an important role in plant succession on rocky areas. 

(iii) Sphagnum, a moss provide peat which is a valuable fuel like coal. It is also used as packing material for trans shipment of living material because of their capacity to hold water.

Red algae are marine and mostly occur in oceans. The photosynthetic pigments are phycoerythrin and phycocyanin along with chlorophyll and carotenoid. Red algae are photo-autotrophic in their mode of nutrition. They synthesize food in presence of chlorophyll in their chromatophores or chloroplasts.

(i) Most algae multiply by vegetative and asexual modes of reproduction. 

(ii) Asexual spores are of two types, mitospores or meiospores which are mostly motile or non – motile. 

(iii) Sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes. 

(iv) It may be isogamous (fusion of similar gametes), anisogamous (fusion of dissimilar gametes) or oogamous (fusion of gamets different in size, shape and behaviour) type.

Mosses (bryophytes) are non-vascular land plant of moist habitat that grow densely together and often form green carpets or mats on damp soils. It is because in the absence of roots, thallus absorbs water and minerals directly from ground or atmosphere, Hence, they can thrive only on moist places,

Brown algae have a colloidal covering over their cellulosic cell wall, consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides collectively called phycocolloids. e.g., alginic acid (algin), fucoildin and fucin. These prevents drying or freezing (in water), when algae are exposed to air during low tides and protect cells when waves beat them against the rocks.

In gymnosperms, ovules are borne on megasporophylls and no flowers are produced. Therefore the seeds are described as naked. They are open seed bearing plants.

Pteridophytes are the first true land plants. Pteridophytes are the first plants to acquire vascular tissue. Heterosporous condition was developed from Pteridophytes.

Between Isogamy Oogamy with example:

(b) Rhodospirillum – Mycorrhiza

(a) Archaebacteria

Two algae member used in Agar – Agar production: 

1. Gracilaria and 

2. Gigartina.

Two fresh water algae:

1. Oedogonium and 

2. Ulothrix

The study of algae is called as phycology or algology.

Two endozoic algae:

1. Chlorella and 

2. Cladophora crispata.

Androecium:

It is the male reproductive structure.

It is composed of stamens.

Gynoecium:

It is the female reproductive structure.

It is composed of carpels.

Proteinaceous body usually surrounded by starch found in algae.

Group of plants having covered seeds in fruits. Produce flowers having reproductive organs.

Divided into two classes − 

Dicotyledons (have two cotyledons) and Monocotyledons (have one cotyledon). 

• Smallest angiosperm : Wolfia 

• Large tree : Eucalyptus

One gamete fuses with egg (Syngamy) and other with secondary nucleus to form PEN (primary endosperm nucleus). The whole process is called Double fertilization.

Flower has four parts :

Calyx and Corolla - Accessory parts

Androecium and Gynoecium - Reproductive parts.

• Androecium is male part and one unit is stamen.
• Gynoecium is female part and one unit is carpel and has ovules. 
• Ovule bears embryo sac. 
• Embryo sac is seven celled and has 8 nucleus - 
• Reproduction by vegetative and sexual methods.
• In sexual reproduction pollens shed off and reach to stigma of Gynoecium by pollination.
• Pollen germinates to form pollen tube with two male gametes and one tube nucleus.
• One gamete fuses with egg (Syngamy) and other with secondary nucleus to form PEN (primary endosperm nucleus). The whole process is called Double fertilization.
• Zygote forms embryo and PEN forms Endosperm in ovule which changes into seed inside fruit.
• Ovary wall changes into Pericarp (fruit wall).
• Alternation of generation occurs.

swollen apical part of the pedicel on which the floral parts are arranged is called thalamus.

is/Rafflesia.

is the floral whorl, where the distinction between calyx and corolla cannot be made.

(a) Cycas revoluta

Circinate vernation is the spring-like coiled nature of young leaves of ferns.