Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

i. leaf blade, lamina

ii. leaf apex

iii. petiole

iv. leaf base

v. stipides

i. radicle

ii. plumule

iii. root

iv. root cap

v. root hairs

i. fibrous roots

ii. plumule

iii. nodes

iv. inter node

v. bud

i. Jack fruit, Pineapple, Lychee (litchi), Datura

ii. Cactus, Wild rose, Catclaw acacia, Silk, Cotton

iii. Rose, Dahlia, Hibiscus, Tulips,

Monocots: The plants which contain only one seed leaf within the seed.

Photosynthesis: The food preparation process in plants.

TranspiratIon: Process of releasing water in the brain of vapour by leaves.

Dicots: The plants which contain two seed leaves within the seed.

Terminal bud: The bud is located at the tip of the stern.

In a leaf all the veins are parallel, running from the leaf base to the leaf apex. Such a venation is called parallel venation.

Reticulate venation: The veins present in the dicot leaves are arranged web-like all over the lamina.

Parallel venation: The veins present in the monocot leaves are arranged  parallel to each other.

Node: Part of the stem, where the leaf and other parts arise.

1. A leaf is divided into two equal parts by a single mid-vein which lies along the midline of the leaf blade. 

2. Secondary veins arise from the mid-vein. They are branched and form a network or reticulum. Such a type of venation is called reticulate venation.

1. The insects try to suck the nectar from the flowers and in that process the pollen grains stick to their legs. 

2. When they sit on another flower the pollen grain stick to the stigma and the pollination takes place. Thus, these insects help in the pollination.

Roots emerging from the trunk and branches of a banyan tree grow towards the soil. These roots are called prop roots.

1. Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root. 

2. Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Cotyledon: Seed leaf within the seed.

The Taproot system and fibrous root system are two types of root systems seen in plants.

1. In some plant’s roots give additional support to the plants whereas fibrous roots, help to store the food.
2. The shoot system consists of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
3. The stem transports water and minerals from roots to upper plant parts and food from leaves to other parts.
4. Potato, turmeric, garlic, ginger and sugarcane store food material in the stem.

Dicot plants have tap root systems whereas Monocot plants have a fibrous root system. Roots help to fix the plant to the soil, absorbs water and minerals.

The plants with taproot systems have leaves with reticulate venation and plants with fibrous roots have parallel venation.

i. False. 

Stem grows from the Plumule

ii. True

iii. True

iv. False. 

Maize plant has parallel venation

v. True.

vi. False. 

A stamen is made up of anther filament

vii. True

viii. True

ix. False. 

A mango fruit contains only one seed

x. True.

xi. True

xii. False. 

It has reticulate venation.

Seed leaves: The first leaves emerging from the seed during germination.

1. Diagram A is of maize seed. It is a monocotyledonous seed and does not divide into two equal parts. The plant has fibrous root system.

2. Diagram B is of bean seed. It is a dicotyledonous seed and it divides into two equal parts. The plant has tap root system.

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.

2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.

3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.

4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Ci/cas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

The functions of various parts of a plant are as below.

1. Root: 

(a) Fixation: It anchors the plant body to the soil, so helps in fixation, 

(b) Absorption: It absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, so helps in absorption, 

(c) Conduction: The root translocates water and mineral salts into the stem. 

(d) Storage: A certain amount of food is stored in the root which is utilized as it grows. 

(e) Preventing soil erosion: It helps to bind the soil particles and prevent them from being blown away by wind or water. 

2. Stem: 

(a) It supports and holds leaves, flower and fruits, 

(b) The stem conducts the water and minerals from roots to leaves and fruits, 

(c) It stores the food. 

3. Leaves: 

(a) It synthesizes food for the plant, 

(b) Stomata, the tiny openings in the leaf help in gaseous exchange and are responsible for the process of transpiration.

4. Flower: It helps in pollination.

5. Fruit: 

(a) It protects the seed, 

(b) It helps in seed dispersal. 

6. Seed: A new plant develops from it.

Differences:

Similarities:

1. Both are used in cooking. 

2. Both are edible. 

3. Both belongs to kingdom plantae.

Differences:

Similarities:

1. Both are from same kingdom plantae. 

2. Both are autotrophic. 

3. Both are monocotyledonous plants.

Differences:

Similarities:

Jowar and Moong both are angiosperms.

Reticulate and parallel venation are found in leaves.

Fibrous roots: A cluster of thin and uniform roots arising from the seed during germination.

i. The picture shows the arrangement of leaves on the stem.

ii. (A) Alternate 

(B) Opposite 

(C) Whorled

i. 1. Gynoecium or carpel 

2. Corolla 

3. Androecium (Stamen) 

4. Ovary 

5. Corolla 

6. Pedicel

ii. Gynoecium

iii. Corolla

iv. Ovary

v. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flower is called pollination.

Petals: Colourful parts in a flower

flower: The sexual part of a plant

After maturity, anthers burst and the pollen grains which are released fall on the stigma. This process is called pollination.

The underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato are thick, fleshy and swollen because they store food in the form of starch. These are the root part of the plant.

Shoot system: The aerial part of the plant body above the ground.

1. Root cap helps the root to grow downward It protects the sensitive part of the root and eases the movement of the root through the soil. 

2. Injury of the root tip causes the root to grow randomly and it also may lead to injury of the sensitive part of the root.

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation. 

2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed. 

3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light. 

4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Cycas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

Petiole: A stalk-like structure that joins a leaf to a stem.

Auxiliary bud: The bud or shoot at the axil of a leaf

Lateral roots: The smaller roots arise from the taproot.

Tuberous roots: The roots which store food materials.

Pollination: The transfer of pollen from flower to flower or with in the flower.

i. carpels

ii. dicotyledonous

iii. monocotyledonous

iv. receptacle

v. green.