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1.	(i) ldentify the parts of a leaf A, B, C, D. (ii) Give the fonctions of A and B. (iii) Identify whether the leaf is simple or com-pound. Justify. (iv) Where are stomata present and what is its function?
Answer» Correct Answer - A (i) The identified parts are (A) Petiole (B) Lamina (C) Midrib (D) Veins. (ii) Functions of (A) is connection and (B) is photosynthesis. (iii) The leaf is a simple leaf. (iv) Stomata are present below the surface of leaf which helps in transpiration.

2.	Match Column I with Column II.
Answer» Correct Answer - The correct match is : `(A)rarr(e);(B)rarr(d);(C)rarr(a);(D)rarr(c);(E)rarr(b)` The correct match is: `(A)rarr(e),(B)rarr(d),(C)rarr(a),(D)rarr(c),(E)rarr(b)`

3.	Distinguish between rhizome and stern tuber.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Underground main stem that creeps horizontally below the surface of soil is called rhizome. This is fleshy and helps in storage. Example: Ginger tubes Underground part of root or structure derived from tip of underground branches is tuber. This helps in storage of starch. Example: Potato, beetroot.

4.	Roots are help in upward conduction.
Answer» Correct Answer - 1 True

5.	Name the process by which exchange of gases and elimination of water take place in plants.
Answer» Correct Answer - A The process by which elimination of water and exchange of gases takes place in plants is transpira- tion. This process takes place through tiny pores present on the leaves called stomata.

6.	Primary and secondary roots are present in fibrous root system .
Answer» Correct Answer - False: False: Primary and secondary roots are present in tap root system.

7.	Pneumatophores are supporting roots.
Answer» Correct Answer - False: False: Pneumatophores are respiratory roots.

8.	Underground modifications help in storage of food.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Underground modifications are seen in root, stem and leaves. Underground roots are swollen and they store food in them. They are called tuberous roots. Example: Carrot Underground stem helps in storage and it also helps the plant to survive during unfavourable conditions. Example: Potato Underground leaves are bulb-like structures bear- ing fleshy leaves which store food. Example: Onions Hence: all the underground modifications help in storage.

9.	Plants with parallel venation bear tap root.
Answer» Correct Answer - False False: Plants with parallel venation bear fibrous roots.

10.	Give reason why the stem is green and fleshy in cactus.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Cactus is a xerophytic plant. The stem of the plant is modified into flat, green, fleshy structure, which helps in storage of water and also performs photo- synthesis. The leaves are modified to spines and it helps in reducing transpiration.

11.	Roots are modified to perform additional func- tions. Explain with examples.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Apart from the normal functions of roots as con- duction, anchoring and absorption, roots also perform additional functions by m odific:itions (undergoing certain changes). (a) Storage roots (tuberous roots): These are swollen roots which help in storage. Example: Carrot, beetroot, radish. (b) Prop roots or supporting roots: These are aerial roots developing from branches or stem region and provide support to the plant. Example: Banyan, maize, sugarcane. (c) Respiratory roots or breathing roots or Pncumatophores: These are aerial roots seen in marshy plants and they help in respiration or breathing. Example: Avicennia and rhizophora.

12.	After seed germination radicle gives rise to root system.
Answer» Correct Answer - 1 True

13.	Pollination helps in reproduction. Discuss.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma is known as pollination. If this takes place in the same flower, it is called self-pollination. If it takes place in different flowers, then it is caUed cross-pollina- tion. Once pollination takes place, pollen grains from the pollen tube reach the female gameto phyte. One of the pollen nuclei reaches the gg to form zygote. The zygote after undergoing various processes develops into future embryo. Hence, pollination is the factor that helps in reproduction.

14.	Apart from conduction, roots help in breathing. Discuss.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Plants that grow in saline marshy habitat are known as mangroves. The lateral roots of such plants produce vertically upwards aerial projections. These projections are known as breathing roots or pneu-matophores. Pneumatophores help in respiration, hence, they are known as respiratory roots. Example: Rhizophora, avicennia.

15.	Match Column I with Column II
Answer» Correct Answer - The correct match is : `(A)rarr(c);(B)rarr(e);(C)rarr(f);(D)rarr(d);(E)rarr(b);(F)rarr(a).` The correct match is: `(A)rarr(c),(B)rarr(e),(C)rarr(f),(D)rarr(d),(E)rarr(b),(F)rarr(a).` `{:("A. Sweet potato","Storage root"),("B. Rhizophora","Mangrove plant"),("C. Grapevine","Climber"),("D. Bougainvillea","Classified under shrub"),("E. Balsam","Tap root system"),("F. Cereals","Fibrous root system"):}`

16.	Leaves of plants are called food factories.
Answer» Correct Answer - 1 True

17.	Give examples for the following. (i) Plant that does not bear leaf. (ii) Plant that has variegated leaf. (iii) Plant in which leaf is modified into pitcher. (iv) Xerophytic plant with spiny leaves. (v) Weak stemmed plant bearing tendrils.
Answer» Correct Answer - A (i) The flowering plant that does not bear leaf is cuscuta. (ii) Leaves having patches of green, yellow, white and red (different colours is a variegated leaf). Example: Money plant (iii) Plant in which leaf is modified to pitcher is nepenthes (pitcher plant). (iv) Xerophytic plant with spiny leaves is cactus or opuntia. (v) Weak stemmed plant bearing tendrils is grape- vine or cucurnber.