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Right ANSWER is (d) the current ACTIVITY of the process

For EXPLANATION: The state of a process is defined by the current activity of the process. A process state CHANGES when the process executes. The process states are as New, Ready, Running, WAIT, Terminated.

The CORRECT choice is (c) Bootstrap program

Best explanation: Process Control Block (PCB) contains INFORMATION related to a process such as Process State, Program Counter, CPU Register, etc. Process Control Block is also known as Task Control Block. Bootstrap program is a program which runs initially when the system or computer is BOOTED or rebooted.

Right option is (B) Program COUNTER

To EXPLAIN: The address of the next instruction to be executed by the CURRENT process is PROVIDED by the Program Counter. After every instruction is executed, the Program Counter is incremented by 1 i.e. address of the next instruction to be executed. CPU fetches instruction from the address denoted by Program Counter and execute it.

Right choice is (a) wait

Best explanation: wait() system call is used by the PARENT process to determine TERMINATION of CHILD process. The parent process USES wait() system call and GETS the exit status of the child process as well as the pid of the child process which is terminated.

Correct choice is (d) PID of child process

Easiest explanation - Process stack CONTAINS Function parameters, LOCAL variables and Return ADDRESS. It does not CONTAIN the PID of child process.

Correct answer is (a) each process is blocked and will remain so forever

Best explanation: DEADLOCK is a situation which OCCURS because process A is WAITING for one resource and holds another resource (blocking resource). At the same time another process B demands blocking a resource as it is already held by a process A, process B is waiting state unless and until process A RELEASES occupied resource.

Right answer is (b) communication between two process

The best explanation: Interprocess Communication (IPC) is a communication mechanism that allows PROCESSES to communicate with each other and synchronise their actions without using the same ADDRESS SPACE. IPC can be ACHIEVED using shared memory and MESSAGE passing.

Right CHOICE is (a) when process is SCHEDULED to run after some execution

Explanation: READY STATE of the process means process has all necessary resources which are required for execution of that process when CPU is allocated. Process is ready for execution but WAITING for the CPU to be allocated.

The correct answer is (d) all of the mentioned

Best explanation: A process can be TERMINATED normally by COMPLETING its TASK or because of fatal error or killed by another process or forcefully killed by a USER. When the process completes its task without any error then it exits normally. The process may exit abnormally because of the occurrence of fatal error while it is running. The process can be killed or terminated forcefully by another process.

Correct option is (a) fork

Explanation: In UNIX, a new PROCESS is created by fork() system CALL. fork() system call returns a process ID which is GENERALLY the process id of the CHILD process created.

Correct CHOICE is (d) all of the mentioned

Explanation: In OPERATING Systems, each process has its own ADDRESS SPACE which contains code, data, stack and heap segments or sections. Each process also has a list of files which is opened by the process as WELL as all pending alarms, signals and various signal handlers.

The CORRECT option is (b) uniprocessing SYSTEMS

The best I can EXPLAIN: Those systems which allows more than one PROCESS execution at a time, are called MULTIPROGRAMMING systems. Uniprocessing means only one processor.

Right CHOICE is (b) hybrid KERNEL

Explanation: OS X has a hybrid kernel. Hybrid kernel is a combination of TWO different kernels. OS X is developed by Apple and ORIGINALLY it is known as Mac OS X.

Right choice is (d) Palm OS

To explain I WOULD say: VxWorks, QNX & RTLINUX are real-time operating SYSTEMS. Palm OS is a mobile operating system. Palm OS is developed for Personal Digital ASSISTANTS (PDAs).

The correct answer is (a) LOG file

The explanation is: If a process fails, most OPERATING systems write the error information to a log file. Log file is examined by the debugger, to find out what is the ACTUAL cause of that particular PROBLEM. Log file is useful for system PROGRAMMERS for correcting errors.

Right OPTION is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain: In Operating Systems, CPU SCHEDULING algorithms are:

i) First Come First SERVED scheduling

ii) Shortest Job First scheduling

iii) Priority scheduling

iv) Round Robin scheduling

v) MULTILEVEL QUEUE scheduling

vi) Multilevel Feedback Queue scheduling

All of these scheduling algorithms have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Correct OPTION is (a) to get and execute the next user-specified COMMAND

Easy explanation - The main function of command INTERPRETER is to get and execute the next user-specified command. Command Interpreter CHECKS for valid command and then runs that command else it will throw an error.

The correct OPTION is (d) all of the mentioned

Best explanation: All the mentioned errors are handled by OS. The OS is CONTINUOUSLY monitoring all of its resources. Also, the OS is CONSTANTLY detecting and correcting errors.

Correct choice is (c) KERNEL is made of various modules which can not be LOADED in running operating system

Easy explanation - Kernel is the first program which is loaded in memory when OS is loading as well as it remains in memory till OS is running. Kernel is the core part of the OS which is responsible for managing resources, allowing multiple processes to USE the resources and PROVIDE SERVICES to various processes. Kernel modules can be loaded and unloaded in run-time i.e. in running OS.

Right ANSWER is (a) System calls

Best explanation: To access services of the OPERATING System an interface is provided by the System Calls. Generally, these are FUNCTIONS written in C and C++. OPEN, Close, Read, Write are some of most PROMINENTLY used system calls.

Correct OPTION is (d) all of the mentioned

The best explanation: An OPERATING System acts as an intermediary between user/user applications/APPLICATION programs and HARDWARE. It is a program that manages hardware resources. It PROVIDES services to application programs.