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Intelligence-related activities are logical, coherent, and relevant.

A set of ascending or descending values used to designate position of a trait or ability e.g., Scale uses inches or centimetres or sten score table 4, 5, 6, 7 average, 1, 2, 3 low and 8, 9, 10 high. 

Most of our behaviour patterns are very complex and subjectively determined which can be revealed by the individual only.

A statement about the degree of consistency of the result. It is established through testretest or split half method.

The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure. It is accuracy of the test.

It is report of self-analysis.

Psychological tests are standardized whereas ordinary tests are not standardized.

Psychological tests are standardised tools to measure abilities and personalities traits. It may be verbal, non-verbal or performance.

A Psychological test that has a time limit long enough for everyone to attempt all items.

Francis Galton.

Alfred Binet.

William Wundt in 1879 at Leipzig University in Germany.

Any measurable conditions, events characteristics or behaviour that are controlled or observed in a study and can be varied

J.C. Raven of England.

A method of establishing norms or standards and uniform procedures for a test by administering it to a large group of representative individuals.

•In short standardisation of Psychological test implies uniformity of procedure in instructions, administration and scoring.

raw score that is converted into a meaningful unit: specifically, the individuals distance from the mean in terms of the standard deviation on a given test.

These are standard scores indicated on standard ten point scale.

Anxiety is subjective because its cause is not known to the person whereas worry is objective because the cause is known.

Pattern of responses an organism makes to the stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium.

When anxiety becomes prolonged, diffused and persistent without any apparent cause then anxiety becomes a disorder.

Low anxiety indicates low motivational level of the subject.

Intelligence is general energy whereas aptitude is special ability. Intelligence is product of nature and nurture whereas aptitude is largely determined by nature. Training is not required for the growth of intelligence but, for aptitude, training is required.

It is a mental hospital in London.

Awarding 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 according to sequence.

Ones own effectiveness in the group. People with high self-efficacy believe that their life outcomes are under their own control. The concept was given by Bandura in his social learning theory.

It is “How one views himself” positively or negatively. It varies from one area to another.

How one values his self or worth of himself in his own eyes.

1. Maudsley Personality Inventory by Eyesnck.

2. Mennisotta Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMP1).

Questionnaire is a set of questions printed or typed in a definite order on a form or set of forms. 

• Is is mailed to respondents who are expected to read and understand the questions and write down the reply in the space meant for the purpose in the questionnaire it self. 

• It may be structured or unstructured. 

• It may be close ended or open ended. 

• It is main tool of research survey.

According to Wechsler, intelligence is an aggregate and global capacity to think rationally, deal effectively and act purposefully.

Self is the core whereas personality is its manifestation. Self is realted to ideas and personality is its behavioural part.

Personality refers to a person’s unique and relatively stable quality which characterises her/his behaviour patterns in different situations.

It is relatively stable characteristic pattern of behaviour which make the individual different from others.

Projective techniques are tools to measure personality in which the stimulus is unstructured and provides better opportunity to get unconscious material expressed. For example, TAT, RIT, SCT, DAPT etc.

Projection is a defence mechanism. The process of attributing one’s own traits, attitude or subjective process to others.

1. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

2. Rorschach Ink Blot Test (RIT)

Aptitude is the potential ability of an individual to learn a skill or proficiency. It is ; inborn and requires training to capitalise the ability.

 In short, it is teachability in an individual.

Ability to perform an act with ease and precision.

In Scientific Aptitude, thinking variable is high whereas in mechanical aptitude concrete variables are tested.

Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) by Wesmen, Seashore and Bannett; Scientific Aptitudes Test by K.K. Agarwal

Aptitude tests are measure of individual’s ability to acquire new skills. Such tests are  primarily used to predict future performance.

Reaction of stress.

Neurotic tendencies like anxiousness, apprehension, feeling of discomfort, sleep disturbances, physical symptoms etc.

Prolonged feeling of anxiousness and apprehension without any apparent cause.

Anxiety is State of psychic distress characterised by fear, apprehension and psychological arousal.

Psychological test is which individual difference depends solely on speed of performance.

It is an assumption or tentative answer.

Dr. Sigmund Freud.

In experiment we prove or disapprove a hypothesis in controlled conditions whereas in psychological test we measure interest or psychological characteristics.

Two

(i) Short scales (ii) long scales