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The Latitudinal extent of Punjab is 29°30′ N to 32°32′ N and its Longitudinal extent is 73° 55′ E to 76°50′ E.

Present Punjab is extended from 29°30’ North Latitude to 32°32 North Latitude and 73°55’ East Longitude to 76°50’ East Longitude. Total geographical area of Punjab is 50,362 Sq. km which is 1.6 % of India’s total area. Punjab holds 20th position among Indian states from geographical point of view. Present Punjab is situated in the north-east of Punjab. Pakistan is in its north direction and Himachal Pradesh is in north-east direction. Haryana is situated in its south and Rajasthan is situated in its south-west direction.

The boundaries of the Punjab territory varied from time to time throughout its history.

1. According to the Rig-Veda, the boundaries of Punjab included the regions covered by the rivers Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Saraswati.
2. During the Mauryan and Kushan periods, the boundaries of Punjab extended upto Hindukush mountain ranges and Taxila.
3. During the Sultanate period (1206-1526), the boundaries of Punjab extended from Lahore to Peshawar, During the Mughal period (1526-1707), the Punjab was divided into two provinces, namely, Lahore Suba and Multan Suba.
4. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the boundaries of Punjab extended from the river Satluj to Peshawar.
5. The British named the territory of Lahore kingdom of Maharaja Dalip Singh (son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) as the Punjab after annexing it to the British Indian Empire.
6. After the partition of India, a major part of the Punjab was transferred to Pakistan.
7. On the basis- of language, Punjab was divided into three states namely Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Khadar or Bet are the plains of new alluvial soil. This soil exists in the lower areas of river banks.

Shri Amritsar Sahib and Taran Taran Sahib are two important districts of Majha region. They are situated on the north-west border of Punjab.

1. Shri Amritsar Sahib. The meaning of Amritsar is Sarovar of Amrit. Its earlier name was Chak Ramdas. For years, this city remained famous as a trading centre.
2. Taran Taran Sahib. Taran Taran Sahib was made a district in 2006 A.D. This city was founded by the fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev Ji.

The following two districts are included in the Doab region of Punjab :

1. Kapurthala. Kapurthala was one of the princely states before Independence. After 1947, Kapurthala became famous for J.C.T. Institution and Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala.
2. Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawan Shahar). In 1995, Nawan Shahar was made a district. Later on, this district was given the name of Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.

Correct option is (b) Amritsar.

Punjab is a part of the land of five rivers. Its geographical location is quite important for Indian subcontinent. Punjab is known as the maker of Indian history and civilisation. It was a living place of the Indus Valley civilisation which was one of the ancient civilisations of the world. Aryans, Greeks, Kushanas, Turks, Mughals and Afghans entered India only through Punjab. Its people changed the form of Indian history, culture and civilisation.

Major districts of Majha region are Shri Amritsar Sahib, Gurdaspur, Pathankot and Taran Taran Sahib.

1. Shri Amritsar Sahib. The meaning of Amritsar is Sarovar of Amrit. Its earlier name was Chak Ramdas. For years, this city remained famous as a trading centre.
2. Gurdaspur. This city was founded in the 16th century. In one of the famous towns of Gurdaspur, Kalanaur, the coronation of Mughal Emperor Akbar took place. Batala is now another famous district carved out of Gurdaspur. It is famous for the making of agricultural implements.
3. Pathankot. This district was formed in 2011 A.D. It is mainly a Terai region and the smallest district of Punjab.
4. Taran Taran Sahib. Taran Taran Sahib was made a district in 2006 A.D. This city was founded by the fifth Guru Arjan Dev Ji.

Districts. 1. Fatehgarh Sahib, 2. Patiala, 3. Roopnagar and 4. Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali).
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali). This city was made a district in 2006 and became the 18th district of Punjab. Presently it is better known with the name of Mohali.

The districts of Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, and Shahib Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahar) are included in the Doaba region of Punjab. Their description is given below:

1. Hoshiarpur. The district is situated in the Doab region and is a mixture of semi-mountainous and plain regions. One of its towns Mahilpur is famous as a nursery of football. It another town Tanda is famous for its furniture and musical instruments.
2. Jalandhar. Jalandhar is one of the historical cities of Punjab. It is one of the media centres and is famous for its sports industry. One of its villages, Sansarpur, is known as a nursery of Hockey players.
3. Kapurthala. Kapurthala was one of the princely states „before Independence. After 1947, Kapurthala became famous for the J.C.T. institution and Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala.
4. Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahar). In 1995, Nawanshahar was made a district. Later on, this district was given the name of Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.

1. Districts of Majha region.

• Shri Amritsar,
• Gurdaspur,
• Pathankot and
• Taran Taran Sahib.

2. Districts of Doab region.

• Hoshiarpur,
• Jalandhar,
• Kapurthala and
• Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.

Correct option is (b) Plains.

(c) Pathankot.

1. 5

2. 22

3. Ropar

4. Mohali

5. 50,362.

1. True

2. False.

3. True

4. True

5. False.

Indus Valley Civilisation.

Land of five rivers.

Correct answer is  In 1956.

Sapt Sindhu or land of seven rivers.

Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Correct answer is Greeks.

1st November, 1966.

Due to the living place of Tak tribe over here.

The complete name of PEPSU is Patiala and East Punjab States Union. It was constituted on 15th July, 1948 by combining the principalities of Patiala, Nabha, Malerkotla, Jind, Kapurthala, Nalagarh and Kalsia. In 1956, all the Indian states were reorganised and PEPSU was added into Punjab.

15 July, 1948.

Three rivers – Sutlej, Ravi and Beas.

Sub-Tehsils:

1. Majitha,
2. Attari,
3. Tarsikka,
4. Lopoka,
5. Ramdas.

Blocks:

1. Tarsikka,
2. Raiya,
3. Ajnala,
4. Chaugavan,
5. Majitha, Verka, Jandiala Guru,
6. Harshi China,
7. Attari.

Tehsils.

1. Gurdaspur,
2. Batala,
3. Dera Baba Nanak.

Sub-Tehsils.

1. Kahnuwan
2. Kalanaur,
3. Dma Nagar,
4. Naushera Majja Singh,
5. Dhariwal,
6. Shri Hargobindpur,
7. Qadian,
8. Fatehgarh Churivan.

Sub-divisions (Tehsils):

1. Ludhiana east,
2. Ludhiana west,
3. Jagraon,
4. Payal,
5. Samrala,
6. Raikot,
7. Khanna.

Blocks:

1. Machiwara,
2. Doraha,
3. Raikot,
4. Khanna.

Sub-Tehsils:

1. Adampur,
2. Bhogpur,
3. Kartarpur,
4. Mehtpur,
5. Lohiya,
6. Noormahal,
7. Goraya.

Out of these, Bhogpur, Mehtpur and Noormahal are blocks as well.

Abohar : Musical instruments Industry.

Correct option is  Faridkot.

Bari Doab, Bist Doab, Sij Doab.

Due to a tributary of Sutlej river-Sarsa.

1. This range of Shiwalik lies between Sutlej and Ghagar rivers. It is spread in Roopnagar district and towards south-west direction and towards north-west direction of the boundaries of Himachal Pradesh.

2. These mountains start from the north of Nangal and are stretched upto Ghaghar river near Chandigarh.

3. The length of this range is 90 km. Its continuity breaks down due to Sarsa river, a tributary of Sutlej.

4. Like other Shiwalik ranges, this range is also full of Chos.

1. False

2. True.

3. True.

4. False

5. True.