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Correct choice is (B) False

To EXPLAIN: The statistical moment technique of describing the shape of boundary is insensitive of the rotation of the shape. If DESIRED, size normalization can be achieved by scaling the range of VALUES of ‘g’ and ‘r’.

Correct answer is (b) STATISTICAL MOMENTS

To elaborate: The statistical moments have an ADVANTAGE over the other techniques that it helps in the physical interpretation of the shape of the boundary.

The correct option is (a) True

Explanation: STATISTICAL moments like mean, variance and HIGHER order moments can quantitatively DESCRIBE the shape of boundary segments.

Correct choice is (a) 000030032232221211

The EXPLANATION: The EFFECTIVE boundary for the given FIGURE is given as

So, the chain CODE is given as 000030032232221211.

Correct OPTION is (d) 12

The explanation is: The order of shape number is also defined as the PERIMETER of the boundary. Since, GIVEN is a rectangle of dimensions 3×3, the perimeter of the rectangle is given as 2(3+3) = 12.

Right choice is (b) Even

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: The order of shape NUMBER gives the number of digits in its representation. The VALUE of this order is even for closed BOUNDARY and limits the number of possible different shapes.

Right ANSWER is (a) Shape number

The best explanation: We know that, the first difference of a CHAIN coded boundary depends on the starting point. Based on such 4 DIRECTIONAL boundary, the first difference of smallest MAGNITUDE is called as the shape number of the boundary.

Right answer is (b) False

Easiest explanation: In general, a POINT ‘p’ is said to be on the STRAIGHT line segment if the change of slope is less than 100 and said to be at the corner point if the change EXCEEDS 90^0.

Correct CHOICE is (b) Rate of change of SLOPE

The EXPLANATION is: Curvature of a boundary is defined as the rate of change of slope. In general, as the boundaries tend to be locally RAGGED, it is difficult to obtain reliable measures of curvature at a POINT on a digital boundary.

The CORRECT choice is (d) Eccentricity

Best explanation: Eccentricity, which is the ratio of major AXIS to the minor axis which is one of the IMPORTANT PARAMETER that is used to describe a boundary.

Correct choice is (b) SPECTRAL

The explanation is: Spectral techniques are based on properties of the Fourier spectrum and are used primarily to detect global PERIODICITY in an image by identifying HIGH ENERGY, narrow PEAKS in the image.

Correct CHOICE is (a) True

Explanation: Structural techniques deal with the arrangement of image primitives, such as the DESCRIPTION of the TEXTURE based on the regularly SPACED parallel lines.

Correct answer is (d) SMOOTHNESS, coarseness and REGULARITY

For explanation I would say: One of the important approach to REGION description is texture content. This helps to provide the measure of some of the important PROPERTIES of an image like smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the region.

Correct option is (B) -2

The BEST I can explain: The POLYGONAL network given in the figure has 7 vertices, 11 edges and 2 faces. Thus the Euler number is given by the FORMULA,

E=V-Q+F=7-11+2=-2.

Correct CHOICE is (d) -1

The explanation: The image shown in the QUESTION has TWO HOLES and ONE connected components. So, the Euler number E is given as 1-2=-1.

The correct answer is (b) V-Q+F

To explain: It is very important to classify the polygonal network. Let V,Q and F DENOTE the number of vertices, edges and faces respectively. Then,

V-Q+F=C-H

Where C,H represents the number of connected COMPONENTS and number of holes in the region respectively. So, the EULER number E is given by V-Q+F.

Right option is (a) True

For explanation: We KNOW that, as STRETCHING AFFECTS distance, topological properties do not depend on the notion of distance or any properties implicitly based on the concept of distance MEASURES.

The CORRECT option is (c) Folding

For EXPLANATION: If a topological descriptor is DEFINED by the number of holes in an image, then the number of holes will not vary if the image is stretched or rotated. The number of holes in the region will change only if the image is TORN or folded.

Correct answer is (b) False

Explanation: One of the regional descriptor is normalized AREA. It can be QUITE useful to extract information from the image. In satellite images of EARTH, the data can be refined by normalized it with respect to land mass per region.

The correct ANSWER is (a) Topology

Easy EXPLANATION: We can DEFINE topology as the study of properties of a figure that are unaffected by any deformation, as LONG as there is no joining or tearing of the figure. We use topological properties in the region description.

Right answer is (c) Number of pixels alone

Easiest explanation: Some of the measures which are used to describe a REGION are MEAN and MEDIAN of GREY values, minimum and maximum of grey values and number of pixels above and below mean. The area of the region, i.e., the total number of pixels in the region cannot alone describe the region.

The correct answer is (a) True

The best EXPLANATION: With the exception of errors introduced by the ROTATION of the digital IMAGE, we can state that compactness of a region is insensitive to the ORIENTATION of the image.