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1. Avoid sex with unknown partners or multiple partners. 

2. Use condom every time. 

3. Use disposable syringes and needles. 

4. Transfusion of safe blood to the patients. 

5. HIV mother can have child with doctor’s advice only.

Illiteracy, poor health, unemployment, migration, non-traditional sex practise, unethical contacts and trafficking are some of the factors contributing to the spread of HIV in Andhra Pradesh.

AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

1. Nearly 4 decades back Dr.P.N. Rao and Johnson did some elegant experiments using the cell fusion technique to understand the functional relationship between the phases of cell cycle.

2. These experiments have, for the first time provided evidence that the progression of cells through the cell cycle is sequential and unidirectional and are controlled by a series of chemical signals that can diffuse freely between nucleus and cytoplasm. 

3. These experiments revealed for the first time the structure of interphase chromosomes that are not ordinarily visible under the microscope. 

4. These experiments are considered to be a ‘milestone’ in the cell cycle studies.

The prevention of pregnancy in the woman by preventing fertilisation is called contraception. Any device or chemical which prevents pregnancy in a woman is called a contraceptive. Contraceptive methods are of various types and used by any of the partners as preferable. 

Some of the contraceptive methods are:

1. Use of physical devices such as condoms and diaphragm (cap). 

2. Use of hormonal pills which stop the ovaries from releasing ovum into oviduct. These pills can be induced either orally or inserting into female reproductive organ vagina. 

3. Use of spermicides that kills the sperms. 

4. Use of intra-uterine device called copper – T, loop, etc.

5. Use of surgical methods such as vasectomy for male and tubectomy for female.

C) devices, chemicals

B) Prevention is better

Yes, what Ramu said is right. I support his statement with the following reasons.

1. Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of HIV patients in the country. 

2. According to official statistics, the state had 5 lakh of the 24 lakh HIV positive patients in the country during 2011-12. 

3. While one in every 300 adults is suffering from HIV elsewhere, in Andhra Pradesh one in every 100 adults is a HIV patient, that is almost one per cent. 

4. The prevalence of HIV is 1.07 per cent among males and 0.73 among females in the state, which again is higher than in other states.

1. Open your eyes before AIDS closes them. 

2. Hate the disease but not the diseased.

3. Spread the knowledge not the virus. 

4. Wear protection to prevent infection. 

5. AIDS brings pain! Girls please obstain.

Answer (A) i, ii, iii

The testis are located outside the abdominal cavity because the temperature required for proper functioning of spermatogenesis is generally 2 to 3 degrees less than the body temperature,

(C) Child birth

In females, a small portion of oviducts (fallopian tube) is removed by surgical operation and the cut ends are tied. This prevents the ovum from entering into the oviducts. This method is called Tubectomy.

(A) Endosperm

D) Cause of “Kanyasulkam”

B) Theodor Boveri

Tissue culture is a modern technique of growing plants in which more plants can be produced in a short time.

Answer is (B) Virchow

(C) Haberlandt

(B) Tissue culture

The type of vegetative reproduction in strawberry is stolons

(A) Both a & b are true