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1.

Which of the following is not correct regarding sexual reproduction ?A. It is usually biparental.B. Gametes are always formed.C. It is a slow process.D. It involves only mitosis.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Sexual reproduction involves both meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis occurs at the time of gamete formation. Repeated meiosis occurs at the time of gamete formation. Repeated mitotic division occurs in the zygote to form embryo.
Discussion
2.

In these animals, the female retain the eggs inside its body after fertillisation and allows the development of embryo inside the body without providing extra nourishment ot the developing embryo as the placenta is absent. Such animlas are called asA. oviparous animalsB. viviparous animalsC. ovoviviparous animalsD. none of these.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
In ovoviviparous animals, the female retain the eggs inside its body after fertilisation and allows the development of the embryo inside the body without providinig extra nourishment to the developing embryo as the placenta is absent. However, the female animals give birth to the young ones. Examples of ovoviviparous animals are sharks and rattle snakes.
Discussion
3.

Offsprings of oviparous animal are at greater risk of survival as compared to those of viviparous animals becauseA. proper embryonic care and protection is absentB. embryo does not develop completelyC. progenies are of smaller sizeD. genetic variations do not occur.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
In oviparous animals such as reptiles and birds, fertilised eggs are covered by hard calcareous shell and are laid ini a safe place. After icubation period, young ones hatch out. In viviparous animals swuch as majority of mammals including human beings, the zygote develops into a young one inside the body of the female individual after a certain growth, the young ones are dilivered by the female induvidual. Due to proper care and protection, the chances of survivial of young ones are more in vivparous individuals.
Discussion
4.

Life begin in all sexually reproducing organisms as aA. single-celled zygoteB. double-celled zygoteC. haploid zygoteD. haploid gametes.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
Every sexually reproducing organism, including human being begin life as a signel called zygote.
Discussion
5.

Organisms reproducing throughout the year are called _______ breeders e.g., ______ , and those who show recurring sexual activity are called _______ breeders e.g., _______ .A. continuous, sparrow, seasonal, henB. seasonal, lizard, continuous, henC. continuous, man, seasonal, tigerD. seasonal, hen, continuous, tiger

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Discussion
6.

In these figures, two life-cycles are described. Mark the correct option. A. A represents primitive life forms and B represents more advnced life forms.B. A represents terrestrial life forms and B represents aquatic life forms.C. A rrepresents asexual reproduction and B represents sexual reproduction.D. Both flow charts basically represent the same life-cycle.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
In A type of life cycle, the haploid organisms (n) given rise to haplioid gametes, which fuse to form diploid zygote (2n). Meiosis occurs in zygote at the time of germination and is producing haploid individuals. Such kind of the life cycle is called haplontic and is primitive and exhibited in lower groups of plants such as certain algae. In life cycle B, the diploid individual (2n) produces haploid gamets (n) by meiosis, which fuse to form diploid zygote (2n). This is diplontic life cycle in which haploid gametopyhtic somatic phase gets eliminated through progressive evolution. this kind of life cycle is exhibited by higher plants such as gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Discussion
7.

A few statements with regard to sexual reprodction are given below. (i) Sexual reproduction does not always require two individuals. (ii) Sexual reproduction generally involves gametic fusion. (iii) Meiosis never occurs during sexual reproduction. (iv) External fertilisation is a rule during sexual reproduction. Choose the correct statements from the option below.A. (i) and (iv)B. (i) and (ii)C. (ii) and (iii)D. (i) and (iv)

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Meiosis is required for the production of haploid gametes during sexual reproduction external fertiliation is not a rule during sexual reproduction it can occr internally also.
Discussion
8.

A few statements describing certain features of reproduction are given below. (i) Gametic fusion takes place. (ii) Transfer of genetic material takes place. (Iii) Reduction division takes place. (iv) Progeny have some resemblance with parents. Select the options that are true for both asexual and sexual reproduction from the options given below.A. (i) and (ii)B. (ii) and (iii)C. (ii) and (iv)D. (i) and (iii)

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Reproduction is a biological process in which an organism produces young ones (ospring) similar to itself. In reproduction off springs have some resemblance with parents both sexual and asexual reproduction involve transfer of genetic meterial.
Discussion
9.

The statements given below descibe certain features that are observed in the pistil of flowers. (i) Pistil may have many carpels. (ii) Each carpel may have more than one ovule. (iii) Each carpel has only one ovule. (iv) Pistil have only one carpel.A. (i) and (ii)B. (i) and (iii)C. (ii) and (iv)D. (iii) and (iv)

Answer» Correct Answer - a
Hynoecium is the female part of flower, a unit of which is called pitil. A pistil may have one or more than one carpels (monocarpellery, bicarpellary, etc.,). Each carpel may have more than one ovules.
Discussion
10.

Given below are a few statements related to external fertilisation. Choose the correct statements. (i) The male and female gametes are formed and released simultaneously. (ii) Only a few gametes are released into the medium. (iii) Water is the medium in a majority of organisms exhibiting external fertilisation. (iv) Offspring formed as a result of external fertilisation have better chance of survival than those formed inside an organism.A. (iii) and (iv)B. (i) and (iii)C. (ii) and (iv)D. (i) and (iv)

Answer» Correct Answer - b
A large number of gametes are released into the medium to increase the chances of fertilisation the chances of survival of offspring from external fertilisation are lesser than those of internal fertilisation as they face more risk from predators.
Discussion
11.

Read the following statements and select the correct option, Statement 1 : Many pants are propagated vegetatively even though they bear seeds. Statement 2 : Sweet potatoes multiply vegetatively by root tubers.A. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.B. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.C. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.D. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
Vegetative propagation is the formation of new plants from veetative units such as buds, tubers, rhizomes, etc. This method produces a large number of population of clones in short time. It preserves purity, resistane and good qualities of race/variety indefinitely. Fleshy roots (root tubers) which develop adventitious buds also take part in vegetative propagation, e.g., sweet potato.
Discussion
12.

A diploid parent plant boidy produces _____ gametes and a haploid parent plant body produces _______ gametes.A. diploid, haploidB. haploid, diploidC. diploid, diploidD. haploid, haploid

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Gametes are haploid whether the structures or cells producing them are haploid or diploid.
Discussion
13.

Assertion : In perennial plant species, it is difficult to define vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases. Reason : Perennial plants have very short life span.A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.C. If assertion is true but reason is false.D. If both assertion and reason are false.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Perennial plants live for many years i.e., they have a very long life span. Hence, it becomes very difficult to define and study their vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases.
Discussion
14.

Clear cut vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases cannot be observed inA. annual plantsB. perennial plantsC. biennial plantsD. ephemeral plants.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Perennial plants live for a few to several hundred years, vegetative reproductive and senescenet phases cannot be observed clearly.
Discussion
15.

The growth phase of an organism before attaining sexual maturity is referred to asA. juvenile phaseB. vegetative phaseC. both (a) and (b)D. none of these.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Juvenile phase is pre-reproductive phase in life cycle of an individual. It is the period of growth between the birth of an individual upto reproductive maturity. Juvenile phase is known as vegetative phase in plants. This phase is of different durations in different organisms.
Discussion
16.

Refer to the given figure and identify X in it. A. OffsetB. EyesC. RunnerD. Bulb

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Discussion
17.

Fleshy buds produced in the axil of leaves, which grow to form new plants when shed and fall on ground, are calledA. bulbsB. bulbilsC. tubersD. offsets.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Discussion
18.

Read the following statements about reproduction and select the correct ones. (i) It involves a single parent. (ii) It is slower than sexual reproduction. (iii) It produces progenty that are genetically identical with the parent but not with one another. (iv) The progeny of asexual reproduction can be termed as clones.A. (i) and (ii)B. (ii) and (iii)C. (i) and (iv)D. (i), (iii) and (iv)

Answer» Correct Answer - c
When offspring are produced by a single parent with or without the involvement of gamete formation, the repoduction is called asexual. As a result, the offspring that are produced are not only similar to one another but are also the exact copies of their parent. Such a group of morphologically and genetically similar individuals is called clone. It is faster than sexual reproduction.
Discussion
19.

Read the following statements about reproduction and select the incorrect one.A. It is a biolgical process in which an organism gives rise to young ones.B. It eneables the continuity of the species.C. It produces genetic variations in organisms.D. It maintains populations of the yound and adult persons only.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Reproduction maintains population of the young, adult and the aged person.
Discussion
20.

Select the option which arranges the given organisms in ascending order of their life span.A. `"Parrot " lt "Crow " lt " Butterfly " lt "Banyan tree"`B. `"Butterfly " lt "Crow" lt" Parrot " lt "Crocodile"`C. `"Fruit fly " lt "Crocodile " lt " Parrot " lt "Banyan tree"`D. `"Parrot " lt "Tortoise" lt " Dog " lt "Crow"`

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Discussion
21.

Identify the given organism and find its maximum life span. A. Sparrow, 25 yearsB. Crow, 30 yearsC. Crow, 15 yearsD. Eagle, 40 years

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Discussion
22.

Which of the following has the longest life span ?A. Banyan treeB. TortoiseC. ParrotD. Elephant

Answer» Correct Answer - a
Banyan tree has the longest life span (200-300 years).
Discussion
23.

Which of the following statements is correct ?A. All the individuals of a species have exactly the same life span.B. Smaller organisms always have shorter life span and vice versa.C. Life span of an organism is the time period from its birth to its natural death.D. No organism may have a life span of several hundred years.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
The period from birth to the natural death of an organism is called its life span. Life span of an organism may be few minutes to several thousand years. Smaller organisms do not necessarily have the shorter life span.
Discussion
24.

Single celled animals are said to be immortal becauseA. they grow indefinitely in sizeB. they can tolerate any degree of change in temperatureC. they can reproduce throughtout their life spanD. they continue to live as their daughter cells.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
No individual is immortal except some single-celled organisms (e.g., Amoeba). It is due to the fact that they divide and continue to live as their daughter cells.
Discussion
25.

Which of the following options correctly identifies artificial and natural methods of vegetative propagation ?A. rose and sugarcaneB. lemon and orangeC. Begonia and BryophyllumD. all of these

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Layering is a type of horticultural or artificial method of vegetative propagation in which adventitious roots are induced to develop on a soft stem while it is still attached to the plant. Bulbils are multicelluar fleshy buds that take part in natural vegetative propagation, e.g., Oxalis, Agave, pineapple.
Discussion
26.

Which of the following is not used for vegetative propagation ?A. BudB. BulbilC. TurionD. Antherozoid

Answer» Correct Answer - d
In sexually reproducing organisms, the male gamete is called the antherozoid or sperm and the female gamete is know as the egg or ovum. They are not used for vegetative propagation.
Discussion
27.

This plant was introduced in India because of its beautiful flowers and shape of leaves but it became a notorious weed in Indain water bodies. Identify this plant.A. B. C. D.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Eichhomia or water hyacinth was introduced in India for its beautiful flowers and shape of leaves but since it vegetatively propagates rapidly, it becme notorious weed later on.
Discussion
28.

Which of the following options is correct for the given figures ? A. `{:(" "X," " Y), ("Homogamy", "Isogamy"):}`B. `{:(" "X," " Y), ("Anisogamy", "Isogamy"):}`C. `{:(" "X," " Y), ("Heterogamy", "Anisogamy"):}`D. `{:(" "X," " Y), ("Isogamy", "Oogamy"):}`

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Discussion
29.

Which of the following groups is formed only of the hermaphrodite organisms ?A. Earthworm, tapeworm, housefly, frogB. Earthworm, tapeworm, sea horse, houseflyC. Earthworm, leech, sponge, roundwormD. Earthworm, tapeworm, leech, sponge

Answer» Correct Answer - d
In some lower animals, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual, such animals are called hermaphrodite, monoecious or bisexual, e.g., tapeworm, earthworm, leech, sponge, etc.
Discussion
30.

Refer to the given diagrams showing different types of syngamy and select the option that gives correct example of each of these. A. `{:(" "i," "ii),("Fucus", "Chlamydomonas"):}`B. `{:(" "i," "ii),("Homo sapiens", "Fucus"):}`C. `{:(" "i," "ii),("Fucus", "Cladophora"):}`D. `{:(" "i," "ii),("Cladophora", "Homo sapiens"):}`

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Syngamy is the complete and permanent fusion of male and female gametes to form the zygote. In Cladophora reproduction is isogamous. Isogamy, shown in figure (i) involves the fusion of gametes which do not differ morphologically but may be different physiologically. Such gametes are called isogametes. In humans, anisogamy is observed which involves fusion of gametes that differ in size or motility, as seen in figure (ii) The common type of anisogamy is oogamy, which involves fusion of large immotile female gamete and small motile male gamete.
Discussion
31.

Refer the following figures and identify the type of gametes (A, B and C) respectively. A. Haterogametes, isogametes, homogametesB. Isogametes, homogametes, heterogametesC. Homogametes, isogametes, heterogametesD. Homo/Isogametes, heterogametes, heterogametes

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Discussion
32.

Which of the following options shows bisexual animals only ?A. Amoeba, sponge, leechB. Sponge, cockroach, AmoebaC. Earthworm, sponge, leechD. Tapeworm, earthworm, honeybee

Answer» Correct Answer - c
When both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual, such animals are called hermaphrodite or bisexual, e.g., tapeworm, eathworm and leech.
Discussion
33.

Given figure of Hydra shows its reproductive structures and manner of fertilisation. Observe and answer that why is it not showing self fertilisation ? A. Distance between testis and ovary is more.B. Sperms do not swim downwards.C. Ovary matures earlier than testis.D. Testis matures earlier than ovary.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Cross fertilisation occurs in Hydra. The testic matures earlier than ovary. The spermotozoa released from the testic of one Hydra swim I water with their tails and finally come into contact with the ovum of another Hydra. Ovum lives only for a short time after it is exposed. During this period fertilisatiion must take place. Thus given figure is not showing self-fertilisation but cross fertilisation.
Discussion
34.

If a fungal thallus has both male and female reproductive structures, it will be calledA. heterothallicB. homothallicC. dioeciousD. monoecious.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Discussion
35.

Refer to the given figure and identify structure X in cockroach. A. TestisB. OvaryC. SpermsD. Egg

Answer» Correct Answer - b
The given figure is of reproductive system of female cockroach. Here X is identified as ovary.
Discussion
36.

Choose the correct statement from amongst the following.A. Dioecious organisms are seen only in animals.B. Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants.C. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.D. Dioecious organisms are seen only in vertebrates.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Diecious organisms are those in which male and female parts are present on different organisms whereas monoecious organisms are those in which male and female parts are present on the same organism. Monoecious organisms are also called as hermaphrodite. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals. Papaya, date palm and most of the animals are dioecious.
Discussion
37.

Figure P represents the reproductive organs of Chara plant and figure Q represents the reproductive organs of earthworm. Select the optikon which correctly identifies male reproductive organs of the two organisms. A. A and DB. B and CC. A and CD. B and D

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Male sex organ in Chara is round in structure, called antheridium (B). It lies below the ovate shaped female sex organ called oogonium. Earthworm is bisexual or hermaphrodite organism. (C ) show two pair of testis sacs, situated in the tenth and eleventh segments.
Discussion
38.

Read the following statements and select the incorrect one.A. Cucurbits and coconuts are monoecious plants.B. Papayas and date palms are dioecious plants.C. Leeches and tapeworms are bisexual animals.D. Sponges and coelenterates are unisexual animals.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Sponges and coelenterates, both are hermaphrodite or bisexual animals.
Discussion
39.

There is no natural death in single celled organisms like Amoeba and bacteria becauseA. they cannot reproduce sexuallyB. they reproduce by binary fissionC. parental body is distributed among the offspringD. they are microsocpic.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
There is no natural death is single celled organisms like Amoeba and bacteria. It is so, because of asexual reproduction, the body of parent cell is divided into daughter cells. So , in effect, there is no practical death in Amoeba and bacteria.
Discussion
40.

Which of the following animals show menstrual cycle ?A. Gorillas and chimpanzeesB. Monkeys and humansC. Orangutans and monkeysD. All of these

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Menstrual cycle occurs in primates e.g., monkey, apes and humans.
Discussion
41.

Oestrous cyle is reported inA. cows and sheepB. humans and monkeysC. chimpanzees and gorillasD. none of these.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
Oestrous cycle occurs in non-primates such as cow, sheep, rat, deer, etc.
Discussion
42.

Strobilanthus kunthiana differs from bamboo inA. being monocarpicB. length of juvenile phaseC. being polycarpicD. none of these.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Discussion
43.

Asexual reproduction is the ______ method of reproduction in organisms that have a relativeluy simple organisation like ______ and ________. Fill in the blanks in the above statement.A. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)B. A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii)C. A-(iv),(B-(i),C-(iii),D-(ii)D. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Discussion
44.

Match the organisms given in column I with their mode of reproduction in column II and select the correct answer from the codes given below. `{:("Column I", "Column II"),("Potato", (i) "Zoospores"),("Spirogyra", (ii) "Stem cuttings"),("Rose" ,(iii)"Conidiospores"),("Penicillium",(iv)"Stem tubers"):}`A. `{:("Artificial methods", "Natural methods"),("Grafting", "Cutting"):}`B. `{:("Artificial methods", "Natural methods"),("Layering", "Bulbils"):}`C. `{:("Artificial methods", "Natural methods"),("Offset", "Tissue culture"):}`D. `{:("Artificial methods", "Natural methods"),("Tubers", "Rhizomes"):}`

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Discussion
45.

If a leaf cell of Agave has x chromosomes then what will be the number of chromosomes in a cell of its bulbil ?A. 2xB. `x//2`C. `x//4`D. x

Answer» Correct Answer - d
In Agave, bulbils are modified floral buds that develop on the flowering axis, so chromosome number in a cell of bulbil will be equal to that of leaf cell of Agave, i.e., n=x.
Discussion
46.

Identify the incorrect statement.A. In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are morphologically and genetically identical to the parent.B. Zoospores are sexual repoductive structures.C. In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring with or without the formation of gametes.D. Conidia are asexual structures in Penicillium.

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Spore formation is also a type of asexual reprodcution. Zoospores, conidia, oidia, etc., are all asexually reproducing strucutres.
Discussion
47.

Select the incorrect statement about external fertilisation.A. Organisms showing external fertilisation produce a large number of male gametes only.B. External fertilisation is very uncertain and requires synchony between release of male and female gametes.C. It is replaced by internal fertilisation in higher organisms as it wastes energy and requires external medium like water.D. It occurs in most of the fishes and amphibians.

Answer» Correct Answer - a
When fertilisation occurs outside the body of the organism, this type of gametic fusion is called external fertillisation or external syngamy. Organisms exhibiting external fertillisation produce a large number of both male and female gametes to enhance the chances of fertilisation e.g., algae, fish and amphibians.
Discussion
48.

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding sexuality in organisms ?A. When both male and female flowers are present on the same plant, the condition is said to be monoecious and is present in cucurbits and coconuts.B. When both male and female flowers are present on the separate plants, the condition is said to be dioecious and is present in papaya and date palms.C. In earthworm, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual and therfore, self-fetillsation occurs in them.D. Cockroach is a unisexual animal and exhibit sexual dimorphism.

Answer» Correct Answer - c
Cross-fertilisation occurs in many hermaphrodite animals as in earthworm. It is due to the fact that their male and femal reproductive organ mature at different times.
Discussion
49.

Which of the following is a post-fertilisation event in flowering plants ?A. Transfer of pollen grainsB. Embryo developmentC. Formation of flowerD. Formation of pollen grains

Answer» Correct Answer - b
Events in sexual reproduction after the fertilisation are called post-fertlisation events. After fertilisation, a diploid zygote is formed in all sexually reproducing organisms. The process of development of embryo from the zygote is called embryogenesis.
Discussion
50.

Which of the following statements in incorrect ?A. Earthworms and leeches are hermaphrodite animals.B. Young ones of animals showing external fertilisation receive little or no parental care.C. If the egg is not fertilised, it is thrown out of the body along with the lining of the uterus as menstrual flow.D. Sex organs in human beings are formed at puberty.

Answer» Correct Answer - d
Sex organs in human are formed before birth (during ambryonic development)
Discussion