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SE16 is a T-code for OBJECT browser. Generally used to SEARCH the FIELDS of SAP Tables and RESPECTIVE data.

SE16 is a T-code for object browser. Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables and respective data.

TYPE, you assign datatype DIRECTLY to the data OBJECT while DECLARING.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced INDIRECTLY.

TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.
LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

data sending between MAIN sessions using get PARAMETER and SET parameter is sap memory.
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory.

data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory.
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory.

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

PRETTY Printer is USED to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system SETTINGS.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. TOOL bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by SELECTING the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.

buffer is NOTHING but a MEMORY area. table is BUFFERED means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will COME from application server.Transperent and pooled TABLES are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.

buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.Transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing INVOLVED object oriented LIKE BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop TRADITIONAL PROGRAMS in R/3.

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

The default EVENT in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic. Before these events called ,all the CODE you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic. Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

End-of-selection event are mostly USED when we are writing HR-ABAP CODE. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be DONE in End-of-selection event.

End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.

table is a DYNAMIC and TEMPLATE is a STATIC.

table is a dynamic and template is a static.

We can FORMAT the reports output by using the loop EVENTS like:
1.at FIRST
2.at new
3.at last .etc....

We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:
1.at first
2.at new
3.at last .etc....

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have PRIMARY key but a structure dose not have.
3.  Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.

• structure doesn't CONTAIN technical attributes.
• structure doesn't contain primary key.
• structure doesn't stores UNDERLINE DATABASE LEVEL.

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some LINES of code that are used more than once or TWICE. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in ACTION). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change REQUESTS. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some ENTRIES in customizing are client independent. If you display the OBJECT list for one change REQUEST, and then for each object the object attributes, you will FIND the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

Smart Forms allows you to CREATE forms USING a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all NEW forms DEVELOPED at SAP will be CREATED with the new Smart Form solution.

Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

These are the steps to be FOLLOWED to Upload data through CATT: CREATION of the CATT test CASE & recording the sample data input. DOWNLOAD of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and DATABASE table. Data ALONG with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, PROGRAM NAME behind it, and how next screen is processed.

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages:

• check FUNCTIONS which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible.
• MEANINGFUL data SELECTION.
• central authorization checks for database accesses.
• good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

dis advantages:

• If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur.
• There is no ENDGET COMMAND,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as ANOTHER GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages:

dis advantages:

The CHANGE and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation PROVIDES you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential INFORMATION on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. READ and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, GET, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) FUNCTION modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the READABILITY and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose SELECTED columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient TOOL for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.

SAP scripts is a word processing TOOL of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard NORMAL documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating FORMS in the R/3 system. EVERY layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 PROGRAM.

SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

Screen painter : Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its ELEMENTS. It allows user to create GUI SCREENS for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu BARS, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu PAINTERS. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 APPLICATIONS.

Screen painter : Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.

DYNPRO is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of SCREEN and the associated flow LOGIC Screen is ALSO called as DynPro.

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction COMPONENTS, INCLUDING those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at RUNTIME, can be stored in the R/3 system. The ADVANTAGE of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

Internal TABLES are a standard data type object which EXISTS only during the runtime of the PROGRAM. They are used to PERFORM table CALCULATIONS on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters LIKE Name of the client, sessions and user name are SPECIFIED in this functional modules.

BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for ONE transaction into a session.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules.

BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using BATCH Input PROGRAMMING. Batch input is a AUTOMATIC procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a QUEUE file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple REPORTS without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports:

Basic List: It is the simple reports.

STATISTICS: Reports with statistical functions LIKE Average, Percentages.

Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table.

Finally, ASSIGN user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports:

Basic List: It is the simple reports.

Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.

Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table.

Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

Transparent TABLES: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one RELATION with the table in database. Its STRUCTURE corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds APPLICATION data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database LEVEL.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This DATA exists in sorted form. This SORTING form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the INDEX. The indexes are activated ALONG with the table and are created AUTOMATICALLY with it in the database.

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

Master data: It is the data which is seldom CHANGED. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is CONFIGURED and is then RARELY changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system NEEDS for itself.

Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field LEVEL. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be CHECKED against existing data to ensure that there are now CONTRADICTION. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent RECORDS or how REFERENCED records are possible.

A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

Domains : DOMAIN is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field.

Data Element : It is USED to DESCRIBE the SEMANTIC definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

Domains : Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field.

Data Element : It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the LOGICAL structures of the objects USED in application development and SHOWS how they are MAPPED to the UNDERLYING relational database in tables/views.

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's WEB Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business APPLICATIONS. Its SYNTAX is somewhat similar to COBOL.

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.