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Mixin function helps in MAKING the group of the CSS DECLARATIONS that need to be used throughout the coding and as result the length of the CODE reduces.

The @at-root DIRECTIVE in SASS was introduced in the Ruby SASS 3.3 in order to emit a STYLE block at the root of the document, In spite of being nested BENEATH in its parent selectors.

The @include DERIVATIVE is related to MIXINS that MEANS it includes @mixin code. It ALLOWS the coder to create reusable code.

@for derivative is USED when the PARTICULAR group of the STATEMENT has to EXECUTE a specific number of TIMES and are its two variations.

@for from through {
     
}

@ELSE if the DERIVATIVE is USED with the @if derivative when TWO CODES have to run like if the condition is true then do this and @else if-if the condition is false.

// $test: 5;

p {
@if $test < 5 {
     text-color: orange;
} @else if $test > 5 {
     text-color: green;
} @else if $test == 5 {
     text-color: blue;
}
}

15. Explain @if DIRECTIVE?

@if directive &LT;and its other companions LIKE @else if, @else allows the code to run only if the conditions are met

@if <BOOLEAN expression&GT; {
      <statements>
}

By USING @extend function same STYLE can be copied to the other CLASSES ALSO and there is no need to rewrite the code again.

SASS has the FOLLOWING DATA TYPES:-

• Number
• String
• Colour
• Map
• Booleans and NULL

• Looping:- LESS allow the loops but that is only through the recursive calling and this can lead to a little tricky coding and maintaining this code will be a difficult job and SASS there are control derivative like @if, @for, @each and @while which are easier to use
• Cross BROWSER Support:- In SAAS, CSS transitions can be implemented by writing just one CSS rule and it adds up all the browsing rules for the coder.
• MATHEMATICAL Operations:-SASS PERFORMS more accurate mathematical operations than LESS
• Compilation Time:-Compilation time of SASS is less than LESS
• Documentation:-SASS documentation is easier to READ and understand as COMPARED to LESS

Above points clearly prove that the SASS is better CSS pre-processor than the LESS.

• SASS provides fewer codes and saves a lot of time of the coder
• SASS works with all the versions of CSS
• Project is organised
• SASS ALLOWS defining the VARIABLES which have to be reused throughout the CODE.
• With the use of the @extend function same style can be copied to the other CLASSES also and there is no NEED to rewrite the code again.

SASS @import DIRECTIVE is used to include one STYLESHEET inside another stylesheet and in other words, we can SAY that it imports the .SASS and .SCSS files.The location of the stylesheet can either be in the same server or it is written with the URL to the directory of another server. For Example:-

• @import "test.css";
• @import "css/test.css";
• @import url("http://check.com/css/test.css");

Here are some of the feature of SASS:-

• SASS is more stable, compatible and powerful with versions of CSS.
• SASS is a pre-processor of CSS and is based on the JavaScript.
• SASS is called as SYNTACTIC sugar for CSS because SASS has FOUND an easier way for the user to read or express the things more clearly while coding
• SASS USES its own syntax and then it gets compiles to readable CSS.
• SASS is an open source pre-processor.
• Nesting is one of the most important features of SASS. As a result of Nesting, the repetitions of the code is almost negligible and it is easier to MAINTAIN a document.
• In SASS the variables start with $ and as result handling the global values like colours, BREAKPOINTS and fonts has become a lot easier.

SASS (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets) can be used in the following THREE ways.

• SASS can be used as a Command LINE Tool
• SASS can be used as a Ruby Module
• SASS can be used as a plugin for the RACK Enable NETWORK

SASS (SYNTACTICALLY AWESOME Style Sheets) was DEVELOPED by NATALIE Weizenbaum and it was designed by Hampton Catlin.

SASS stands for Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets. SASS is the extension of the CSS which describes the DOCUMENT in a structured format. SASS provides more powerful syntax than CSS.

SASS and LESS both are the preprocessor of CSS that enhance the development of CSS but SASS is powerful as compared to LESS. Bootstrap provides a WHOLE framework for creating the user interfaces that include the widgets, the grid layout system, the typographic styling, the Interactive Menu BARS and many more. Bootstrap have used many preprocessors in the past for the CSS source code but out of SASS and LESS, Bootstrap uses LESS pre-processor and it has also included various customisations by using the fewer variables and the fewer components.

But Recently BOOTSTRAP 3 has also given the SASS CODEBASE as an alternate option but BOOTSTRAP 4 is being built completely on SASS codebase and this is the first time Bootstrap has using SASS.