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1. b
2. c
3. a
4. in EUROPE

in.4 I. not SURE

Answer:

Scribes used to COPY the manuscripts by hand as there were no PRINTING presses during the medieval period.

Explanation:

Lack of printing press during the medieval period had become a great challenge for scribes as they wanted to scribe everything by hand. Another big challenge in this case is the handwriting of a scholar. Most of them had a wired handwriting. Scribes used to copy the original manuscripts of the scholars by just guessing the words from that illegible MANUSCRIPT.  

How it BOTHERED historians?

For the historians, the hand written copy of scribes had turned out to be a great challenge. Every time, a historian who has involved in digging out the old facts was INSISTED to read every hand written manuscripts to find which the original copy was.

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ANSWER:

HEY MATE!! Here is the answer....

EXPLANATION:

The answer is 7.....

heyaaaa,

Historians and Their Sources

Historians rely upon old COINS, inscription, architecture, and textual records for information for their studies.

In the medieval period, gradually, paper became widely AVAILABLE and cheaper. People started using it to WRITE holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and teachings of saints, petitions and judicial records, and for registers of accounts and taxes.

Manuscripts provide a lot of information to historians; however, they are difficult to use as they manuscripts were handwritten.

To know what the author had actually written, historians have to read DIFFERENT manuscript versions of the same text.

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ANSWER:

PRATIHARA, PALA's & RASHTRAKUTA

Answer:

*the MUGHAL buildings are very beautiful.every stone USED in them is well cut and POLISHED.

* they used fine quality material and spent lavishly on them.

*their buildings have beautiful and big gardens in or AROUND them.

*most of them have WHITE marble used in them, though some buildings have been made in red sand stones as well.

Answer:

Mesopotamian civilization is mostly located in Iraq. It forms a crescent

shape and so is called “the fertile crescent”. Mesopotamia ENCOMPASSES the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, both of which have

their headwaters in the Armenian Highlands. Both rivers are fed by numerous

tributaries, and the entire river system DRAINS a VAST mountainous region.

Overland routes in Mesopotamia usually follow the Euphrates because the banks

of the Tigris are frequently steep and difficult. The climate of the region is

semi-arid with a vast desert expanse in the north which gives way to a 15,000

square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) region of marshes, lagoons, mud

flats, and reed banks in the south. In the extreme south, the Euphrates and the

Tigris unite and empty into the Persian Gulf. There were three major problems of the geography

which are unpredictable floods/dry summers, no natural barriers for protection

as the small villages were in the open plains which were defenceless, &

lastly there were limited natural resources like metal, wood and stone. But for

this they found a excellent solution which is building of irrigation ditches,

city walls with mud bricks, and TRADE of resources which couldn’t be found

there respectively.

The Indus Valley

Civilization encompassed most of Pakistan and parts of south-western India, and

Afghanistan, extending from Pakistani Baluchistan in the west to Uttar Pradesh in the east, north-eastern

Afghanistan to the north and Maharashtra to the south. It had rich

agricultural lands which were surrounded by highlands, desert, and ocean. The

climate was pleasant and cool; also it was ideal for farming DUE to the monsoon

rains.

ANSWER:

about COUNTRY and STATES

Answer:

Hey mate

here is your answer

1.social causes :-division of society into three classes cleargy nobility and people of third estate the 3rd estate had to pay all the taxes that is called Tally tithe (indirect taxes)

the FIRST and second estate enjoy privileges and they did not give any taxes as the third estate contains 90% peasants so they started rebellion during subsistence crisis

2.economic causes:-during reign of Louis XVI the royal treasury become empty due to (reasons). to maintain the expenses the king Louis 16 imposed Taxes and all classes but the pressure of Taxes or the work of paying tax was done by third estate only.

3.political causes King Louis XVI followed anti people POLICIES. the French Army was involved in fighting costly wars.peasents, artisan and woman, who made up the majority of population ,were denied entry to the Assembly.

4.phychological cause:-the French philosophers like Rousseau, locke,and Montesquieu supported the people in their struggle against the king and to ATTAIN the ideals of LIBERTY and equality

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Answer:

Noncooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in 1920–22, organized by Mohandas (Mahatma) GANDHI, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s FIRST organized ACTS of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha).

The movement arose from the widespread outcry in India over the massacre at Amritsar in April 1919, when the British-led troops killed several hundred INDIANS. That anger was LATER compounded by indignation at the government’s alleged failure to take adequate action against those responsible, notably Gen. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, who had commanded the troops involved in the massacre. Gandhi strengthened the movement by supporting (on nonviolent terms) the contemporaneous Muslim campaign against the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

Answer:

mahatma GANDHI ka role Kya Tha APP GOOGLE per SEARCH KARO

The British-administered territories in India were expanded in three successive waves. The FIRST wave (A.D. 1757-66) brought under [DIRECT] British rule Bengal, BIHAR, and the Northern Circars along the north-west shore of the Bay of Bengal; the second (A.D. 1790-1818) brought the Carnatic, the Upper Ganges Basin, and the Western Deccan; the third (A.D. 1843-9) brought the Indus Basin. In the course of this expansion, all other parts of India were lassoed in an encircling belt of British-administered territories and were reduced to the STATUS of client states; and, under Lord Dalhousie’s régime, the annexations of the client states of Satára in A.D. 1848, Jhansi in 1853, Nagpur in 1854, and Oudh in 1856 seemed to portend a rapid extension of direct British rule over the whole of the rest of the peninsula. On the other hand, after the mutiny of the Indian units in the British East India Company’s Army in A.D. 1857-8, it became the general policy of the British Government of India to keep the surviving client states intact; and, though this NEW rule was not invariably observed, nevertheless the annexation of the Kingdom of Oudh, which had been reminiscent of the Roman Emperor Tiberius’s annexation of the Kingdom of Cappadocia, was, after all, not followed up by the progressive extinction, more Romano, of the remaining Indian client states.

Dalhousie, in what is now the state of Himachal Pradesh, was established in 1854 by the East India Company as a summer retreat for its troops and bureaucrats.

A Study of History, Vol VII, OUP, 1954

HEY MATE HERE IS THE ANSWER

Well, the tomb was constructed sometime between about 1568 and 1571. And it wasn’t constructed immediately because the Mughal EMPIRE wasn’t really an empire. It was a series of very unconsolidated areas that Akbar had to really shape up, and gel into a coherent state.

So he was very preoccupied with military enterprise. That was probably one reason for the delay. We don’t really know exactly who constructed it. Humayun’s senior wife Haji Begum is often credited with the construction. She probably had a role.

We don’t have any sources that really tell us this, but since the tomb was very likely intended as a dynastic mausoleum for the Mughals, it probably had Akbar’s hand in it very heavily. We know that he hired ARCHITECTS from Bukhara, today in Uzbekistan, that would have been part of the Timurid HOMELAND. The Mughals are really Timurids. They are an extension of the great Timurid dynasty.

These architects were a father and son team who were trained in both landscape architecture and building architecture. Probably getting these two gentlemen from Uzbekistan took some time. And of COURSE the tomb is enormous so that would take a long time to build. And it was unique at that time in the Indian subcontinent. So again that would probably explain some of the reasons in the delay in building.

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EXPLANATION:

the policy was adopted by BALBAN to supress his enemies is BLOOD and IRON

ANSWER:

TELEVISION is your answer

In the previous method like flood IRRIGATION, farmer needs lots of water to irrigate his WHOLE area. For getting more water he used DIFFERENT sources.

But in new method like drip irrigation or Sprinkle irrigation . This needs less water to irrigate. In dripping irrigation farmer can BEST UTILIZE and control the amount of water for his field.

Answer:

1. they changed the MAJOR ports of INDIA i.e. SURAT ,musaulipattam and madras to BOMBAY,chennai and kolkata which leads to the huge Loss of Indian traders.

2. they gained all the monopoly rights.

ANSWER: JACOBINS were people who were the members of JACOBIN CLUB    

i.e the people who less prosperous in SOCIETY and peoples of middle CLASS.

Answer:

it MEAN the FOUR GARDEN AROUND the PALACE

Answer:

QUTUB UDDIN AIBAK EARNED that title

ANSWER:

in INDIA BUMRAH my FAVOURITE BOWLER

Answer:

1 INDIAN people

2 more temperature

3 corruption in money for building road

4 NEW pipeline every MONTH

ANSWER:

17 TIMES is your answer

It took PLACE in the time of Rennaisance.

Ootoman turks CAPTURED the capital of BYZANTINE empire

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The immediate impact of John Hays first note is that it had little effect on the action of Japan  or the European  power.

Explanation:

• There was the creation of SECRET societies that ate end it started the boxer rebellion and the open door policy was considered as a term in foreign affairs that dispatched to the major European power.
• Additionally during that time there was the Japanese imperialism that as results it led to different human violation in KOREA, Philippines and China.
• Japan is also KNOWN to build its power through a modern navy and ARMY that won different battles.

To LEARN more

What was the immediate impact of john Hay's first note to foreign

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What do you mean by China open Door policy

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ANSWER of your QUESTION...

Explanation:

The heart of the HISTORY of India or the first human life

of Indian subcontinent, the Great Indus valley civilisation. It is also known

as “The Harrapan civilisation.” It was spreaded across parts of India as well

as large part of Pakistan. The name Indus valley comes from its main river in

its river system which is the Indus River. It was a civilisation of the Bronze

Age and it dated from 3000 BC – 1500 BC. It was one the 1st

civilisations taking place in the world history. The people of Indus valley civilization were

extremely peaceful and advanced in farming. 

They

were also good in the field of trade. They traded with the Mesopotamian and

Egyptian civilization.

The land of Ziggurats

or the Mesopotamian civilization was known for its complex government

structures. The area of it was just like in the shape of a crescent and so was

also called “the ancient fertile crescent area”. It was situated between the

two fertile rivers- Tigris and Euphrates. It was in existence from 3500-1800

BC. These people were hot-minded and used to fight which caused often wars

between people, rulers and other countries. Due to these wars the civilization

declined.

Main content:-

Geography:-

Mesopotamian civilization is mostly located in Iraq. It forms a crescent

shape and so is called “the fertile crescent”. Mesopotamia encompasses the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, both of which have

their headwaters in the Armenian Highlands. Both rivers are fed by numerous

tributaries, and the entire river system drains a vast mountainous region.

Overland routes in Mesopotamia usually follow the Euphrates because the banks

of the Tigris are frequently steep and difficult. The climate of the region is

semi-arid with a vast desert expanse in the north which gives way to a 15,000

square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) region of marshes, LAGOONS, mud

flats, and reed banks in the south. In the extreme south, the Euphrates and the

Tigris unite and empty into the Persian Gulf. There were three major problems of the geography

which are unpredictable floods/dry summers, no natural barriers for protection

as the small villages were in the open plains which were defenceless, &

lastly there were limited natural resources like metal, WOOD and stone. But for

this they found a excellent solution which is building of irrigation ditches,

city walls with mud bricks, and trade of resources which couldn’t be found

there RESPECTIVELY.

The Indus Valley

Civilization encompassed most of Pakistan and parts of south-western India, and

Afghanistan, extending from Pakistani Baluchistan in the west to Uttar Pradesh in the east, north-eastern

Afghanistan to the north and Maharashtra to the south. It had rich

agricultural lands which were surrounded by highlands, desert, and ocean. The

climate was pleasant and cool; also it was ideal for farming due to the monsoon

rains.

weapons:-

Indus valley civilization was a peaceful civilization. The people were

more attached to agriculture and trading and thus usage of weapons was found

very less. Other than weapons there are many agricultural tools found such as

the plough, etc. The weapons which could be found are sword, spears, daggers,

saw, bow and arrow, etc. Many of these were made up of bronze.

The Mesopotamians were advanced in the science of making tools and

weapons. The Sumerians were expert in making unique and advanced tools and

weaponry which helped them to last long. Sumerians developed the wheel to use

it in the farm as well as in the wars. The geography of this civilization is

such that the water can’t reach every part of the civilization. Thus they

developed efficient water transporting system which could be evident through

the “Hanging Gardens of Babylon.” Moving towards weaponry they used usually

bronze for it. The main weapons are Bow and arrow, spears, battle axes, etc.

They also had war chariots which would help them to move FAST for attack. They

used several other equipments such as the Javelins, etc. For defence they used

to have helmets and armours.

herecis your answer

yes but PARTIALLY

Shakuntala Devi (4 NOVEMBER 1929 – 21 April 2013) was an Indian writer and MENTAL calculatot, popularly known as the "human computer". Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of world records

Explanation:

Born 4 November 1929

Bangalor, Mysore State, British India

Died 21 April 2013 (aged 83)

Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

NationalityIndianOther namesHuman computerOccupationSocial worker

Shakuntala Devi wrote a NUMBER of books in her later years, including novels as well as texts about mathematics, puzzles, and astrology. She wrote the book The World of Homosexuals, which is considered the first study of homosexuality in India. She treated homosexuality in an understanding light and is considered a pioneer in the field.

ANSWER:

SETH MODI hirji.

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The Treaty of ALLAHABAD was signed on AUGUST 12, 1765 between Mughal Emperor Shah ALAM II and Robert Clive as a result of the Battle of Buxar. With this treaty, East India Company GOT a strong POLITICAL footing in India. Before the treaty, the British only had a strong trading relation with Indian rulers.

Explanation:

During the Old Regime, subsistence crisis frequently occurred in France. The REASONS that led to subsistence crisis are (i) The POPULATION of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789 which led to a rapid INCREASE in the demand for food grains.

The ITALIAN city-STATES were a political PHENOMENON of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian Peninsula between the 9th and the 15th centuries.

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Explanation:

MAHMUD of Ghazni had STARTED his invasions in India during the period when the Rajput power had declined. The two main reasons that led to the CONQUEST of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that EXISTED in India, and SECONDLY, to spread Islam.

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There are 24 spokes in Ashok Chakra.

Hope it was helpful.

Please MARK my ANSWER as the BRAINLIEST answer.

Answer:

Though there have been professional women writers for centuries, women’s writing tended towards specific GENRES – travel, health, fiction and histories – and this work received comparatively little ATTENTION from both MEN and women. Much research by feminist presses and on the part of feminist historians and writers went into unearthing many lost and forgotten women writers from the PAST. By the mid- to late 20th century, with increased education and higher STANDARDS of living, a broader spectrum of women’s voices began to be heard.

Eg- Jane austen, George Eliot.

Answer:

ACCORDING to the 16th/17th-century chronicler Haji-ud-Dabir, ALAUDDIN was 34 years OLD when he STARTED his march to Ranthambore (1300–1301).

ANSWER:

Akbar SUCCEEDED to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal EMPIRE in India. Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions and controlled almost the ENTIRE INDIAN subcontinent north of the Godavari River.

ANSWER:

EXPLANATION:.

Answer:

Liberalism is a combination of ADMINISTRATIVE, cultural and COMMERCIAL theories that FOCUS on the importance of individual rights such as FREEDOM, justice, CONSTITUTIONAL authority and the rule of law. In the late 19th century, classic liberalism evolved into neo-classical humanism which focus on individual freedom.

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Explanation:

Answer:

As the USE of khadi and INDIAN hand made CLOTHES increases

ANSWER:

Explanation:

WORLD War I was a boon to Indian industies. the period saw a rapid increase in Indian industrial growth because- 

1. most industrial goods production was set up England. India produced raw material which was transported to England to be used in factories. With advent of WWI, British factories and mills got busy with making weapons, war supplies etc to meet demands of the war. Thus for production of goods and MEETING the market demands, factories were set up in India as prior to WWI there was not much need of them here. 

2. As the IMPORTS from mills in Britain declined due to world war, the huge demand of them COULD not be met and so the period saw increase in industrial growth in India. 

3. As the world war progressed the demand for army supplies increased. British factories alone could not keep up with the army needs like uniforms, jute bags, boots, weapons etc and more factories were set up in India for their production.

4. transportation became faster and cheaper with setting up of new railway lines and roads and goods could now be transported to remote places which were not easily .

Explanation:

In an effort to establish CONTROL over weavers,the British appointed gomasthas or the paid servants to supervise the weavers.

2. The system of advances aimed at giving loans to the weavers to procure raw material and to hand over the cloth to the gomasthas.

3. Such a system tied the weavers permanently with the Company.

4. With advances, company established direct control over the weavers and their PRODUCE by CONTROLLING the cost.The prices which they received from the company was abysmally low which added to their plight.

5. It completely eliminated the BARGAINING power of the weavers who now could not sell their cloth to other traders in return for a better deal.

6. They now had to DEVOTE full time for weaving and engaged their family members also into it to meet growing demands of the company.

<STRONG>Answer:

The ARMOUR in the ancient times were not so strong that they could STOP a BULLET but they were hard enough to stop attacks of swords, stones, etc(the weapons used at that time).

Explanation:

each of the four Hindu castes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisya, and Sudra.

OR

VARNA, according to Hindu scriptures, refers to the classification of people based on their qualities. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word, vr, which means "to describe," "to classify" or "to COVER."

Varna is classified into four types: brahman, kshatriya, VAISHYA and shudra.

ANSWER: I THINK it's A

Answer:

The ancient MESOPOTAMIAN civilizations were located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, while HARAPPA and Mohenjo-Daro were both located in the valley of the Indus river. ... Both had polytheistic RELIGIONS, although LESS is known of the Indus one due to the lack of deciphered written texts.

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EXPLANATION:

quttubudin nazeer.....

Answer:

With its allies defeated revolution at home and the military no LONGER willing to fight, kaiser Wilhelm ABDICATED on 9 November and Germany signed an armistice on 11 November 1918 effectively ENDING the war