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Samantas is the name given to tributary kings or LANDED chiefs who were granted a piece of land by the King in RETURN for their allegiance to the crown and had to PERFORM mandatory MILITARY duties whenever called upon by the King to SERVE. ... They also had to pay regular tribute to the King.

Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were the greatest ACHIEVEMENTS of the Indus valley civilization. These CITIES are well KNOWN for their impressive, organized and regular layout. They have well laid our plumbing and drainage system, including indoor TOILETS.

The Constitution of India was formed through a process of formation of constituent assembly which DRAFTED, debated, deliberated, amended and finally formed a final Constitution of India. The process has historical roots in the BRITISH ADMINISTRATION in India from the Company RULE to the CROWN rule.

2.Aboilition of PROVINCIAL dyarchy and introduction of dyarchy at centreProvision for an All INDIA FEDERATION with British India territories and princely STATES

on duryodhanan SIDE.........

sorry I can't understand the QUESTION please EXPLAIN the question

they promote NON CORPORATION movement because they want democracy and it is a golden chance for them .they were forced to do the work without PAYEMENT so they TAKE part in non.corporation movement HOPE this will help you

tion:The INDUSTRIAL Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the PERIOD from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition INCLUDED going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of STEAM power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and CAPITAL invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods

abhijnanashakuntalam OR MEGHADUTAM by KALIDAS is an EXAMPLE of secular LITERATURE

The concept of "SURVIVAL of the FITTEST" was first COINED by Herbert Spencer after he read Charles Darwin's On the Origin of SPECIES, in his Principles of BIOLOGY (1864).HOPE IT HELPS!MARK AS BRAINLIEST!

Medieval towns were frequently destroyed by fire. What information in this READING helps to explain why this HAPPENED?b) Identify and describe the medieval TRADES that you can see in Sources 1 and 2.c) If you had been a young town dweller in the Middle Ages, to what trade would you like to have been apprenticed? Give reasons for your choice.

dhra , Veerabathira, Veerabathiran is an extremely fierce and fearsome form of the Hindu god Shiva. He was created by the WRATH of Shiva and destroyed the Yagna (FIRE SACRIFICE) of DAKSHA, after Daksha's daughter and Shiva's consort Sati self-immolated in the SACRIFICIAL fire.

They ruled a major part of India along with the MUSLIMS rulers. They allowed Muslims to preach Islam in their areas and also allowed Muslims to SETTLE and trade with Rashtrakutas. This religious tolerance policy helped them to IMPROVE the import-export business that helped to enrich Rashtrakutas

They were TREATED very GOOD

R.K. Narayan:-R. K. Narayan was born in Madras, South India, and educated there and at Maharaja’s COLLEGE in Mysore. His first novel Swami and Friends (1935) and its successor The Bachelor of Arts (1937) are both set in the enchanting fictional territory of Malgudi. Other ‘Malgudi’ novels are The Dark Room (1938), The ENGLISH Teacher (1945), Mr. Sampath (1949), The Financial Expert (1952), The Man Eater of Malgudi (1961), The Vendor of Sweets (1967), The Painter of Signs (1977), A Tiger for Malgudi (1983), and Talkative Man (1986). His novel The Guide (1958) won him the National Prize of the INDIAN Literary Academy, his country’s highest literary honour. He was awarded in 1980 the A.C. Benson Medal by the Royal Society of Literature and in 1981 he was made an Honorary MEMBER of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. As well as five collections of short stories, A Horse and Two Goats, An Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories, Lawley Road, Under the Banyan Tree and Malgudi Days, he has published a travel book, The Emerald Route, three collections of essays, A Writer’s Nightmare, Next Sunday and Reluctant Guru, three books on the Indian epics, and a VOLUME of memoirs. My Days.I HOPE THIS HELPS YOU.

Paras' in LITERAL terms means 'the PHILOSOPHER's stone. ' Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the leader of the Sikh Empire, was called Paras due to his PHILANTHROPIC nature. He was once going out in a procession when an OLD woman rushed to him and accidentally hit the Maharaja with an old iron pan.

tion:Rationalism — as an appeal to HUMAN reason as a way of obtaining knowledge — has a philosophical history dating from antiquity. ... Since the Enlightenment, rationalism is usually associated with the introduction of MATHEMATICAL methods into philosophy as seen in the works of Descartes, Leibniz, and Spinoza.

The American Civil War is one of several names for the INTERNAL conflict that took PLACE in the United States from 1861 to 1865. While the war was going on, Northern writers and speakers REFERRED to it as a “civil war” because of their belief that individual states had no RIGHT to secede from the Union.mark me as BRAINLIEST...... follow me.........

Answer:The recent Paris accord on global CLIMATE change is a key step in acknowledging biophysical limits to human actions, but the challenge of respecting the biosphere’s ECOLOGICAL limits remains underrated. We analyze how respecting these limits squarely conflicts with an economy centered on growth and technology to mitigate environmental stress. The NEED to mitigate human impacts on species and natural systems has made conservation science a major multidisciplinary discipline. Society and conservation science have tried unsuccessfully to resolve this need within the growth paradigm. We show that its resolution increasingly demands profound shifts in societal values. Our aim is to identify the nature of these necessary shifts and to explore how they define future paths for conservation science.Answer:The recent Paris accord on global climate change is a key step in acknowledging biophysical limits to human actions, but the challenge of respecting the biosphere’s ecological limits remains underrated. We analyze how respecting these limits squarely conflicts with an economy centered on growth and technology to mitigate environmental stress. The need to mitigate human impacts on species and natural systems has made conservation science a major multidisciplinary discipline. Society and conservation science have tried unsuccessfully to resolve this need within the growth paradigm. We show that its resolution increasingly demands profound shifts in societal values. Our aim is to identify the nature of these necessary shifts and to explore how they define future paths for conservation science.AbstractAnswer:The recent Paris accord on global climate change is a key step in acknowledging biophysical limits to human actions, but the challenge of respecting the biosphere’s ecological limits remains underrated. We analyze how respecting these limits squarely conflicts with an economy centered on growth and technology to mitigate environmental stress. The need to mitigate human impacts on species and natural systems has made conservation science a major multidisciplinary discipline. Society and conservation science have tried unsuccessfully to resolve this need within the growth paradigm. We show that its resolution increasingly demands profound shifts in societal values. Our aim is to identify the nature of these necessary shifts and to explore how they define future paths for conservation science.AbstractIncreasing human population interacts with local and global environments to deplete biodiversity and resources humans depend on, thus challenging societal values centered on growth and relying on technology to mitigate environmental stress. ALTHOUGH the need to address the environmental crisis, central to conservation science, generated greener versions of the growth paradigm, we need fundamental shifts in values that ensure transition from a growth-centered society to one acknowledging biophysical limits and centered on human well-being and biodiversity conservation. We discuss the role conservation science can play in this transformation, which poses ethical challenges and OBSTACLES. We analyze how conservation and economics can achieve better consonance, the extent to which technology should be part of the solution, and difficulties the “new conservation science” has generated. An expanded ambition for conservation science should reconcile day-to-day action within the current context with uncompromising, explicit advocacy for radical transitions in core attitudes and processes that govern our interactions with the biosphere. A widening of its focus to understand better the interconnectedness between human well-being and acknowledgment of the limits of an ecologically functional and diverse planet will need to integrate ecological and social sciences better. Although ecology can highlight limits to growth and consequences of ignoring them, social sciences are necessary to diagnose societal mechanisms at work, how to correct them, and potential drivers of social change.h☺pe it helps!!❤please mark me as the brainliest !!❤@brainly.in♡♡SRITI♡♡

The connections between Kashmir and Punjab were not NEW, particularly in the context of ... In the absence of a Kashmir-based press, prohibited by the Dogra rulers until 1932, newspapers from Punjab had consistently FILTERED into the ... He asked further that 'his thanks, kind regards and best WISHES' be conveyed to them.I HOPE MY IS HELPFUL TO U..PLS FOLLOW ME AND MARK MY ANSWER IN BRAINLIST..

अगहन माह में कृष्ण पक्ष की अष्टमी को भैरवअष्टमी कहा जाता है। शिव पुराण के अनुसार अगहन माह के कृष्ण पक्ष की अष्टमी के दिन ही शिव जी के अंश काल भैरव का जन्म हुआ था। कालभैरव को भगवान शिव का दूसरा रुप कहा जाता है। भैरव अष्टमी के दिन व्रत उपवास, पूजा-पाठ का विशेष महत्व माना जाता है। मान्यताओं के अनुसार काल भैरव की पूजा से घर में नकारत्मक ऊर्जा, जादू-टोने, भूत-प्रेत आदि का भय नहीं रहता। आइए जानते हैं काल भैरव की जन्म कथा से जुड़ी कुछ रोचक बातें...काल भैरव जन्म कथापुराणों में कालभैरव के जन्म को लेकर बहुत ही रेचक कथा बताई गई है। जिसके अनुसार एक बार ब्रह्मा जी और विष्णु जी में इस बात पर बहस छिड़ गई के कौन सर्वश्रेष्ठ है। दोनों में इस बात को लेकर विवाद होने लगा। विवाद इतना बढ़ गया के दोनों आपस में युद्ध करने लगे की कौन श्रेष्ठ है। इसके बाद सभी देवताओं ने वेद से पूछा तो उत्तर आया कि जिनके भीतर चराचर जगत, भूत, भविष्य और वर्तमान समाया हुआ है वही सबसे श्रेष्ठ है। अर्थात भगवान शिव ही सर्वश्रेष्ठ हैं। वेद के मुख से यह बात सुनकर ब्रह्माजी को बहुत गुस्सा आया और उन्होने अपने पांचवें मुख से शिव के बारे में बहुत भला-बुरा कहा। जिसे सुनकर वेद दुखी हो गए। उसी समय एक दिव्यज्योति के रूप में भगवान रूद्र प्रकट हुए। तब ब्रह्मा ने कहा कि हे रूद्र तुम मेरे ही सिर से पैदा हुए हो। अधिक रुदन करने के कारण मैंने ही तुम्हारा नाम रूद्र रखा है इसलिए तुम मेरी सेवा में आ जाओ।ब्रह्माजी के इस आचरण पर शिवजी को भयानक क्रोध आ गया और उन्होंने भैरव को उत्पन्न करके कहा कि तुम ब्रह्मा पर शासन करो। दिव्य शक्ति संपन्न भैरव ने अपने बाएं हाथ की सबसे छोटी अंगुली के नाखून से शिव के प्रति अपमान जनक शब्द कहने वाले ब्रह्मा जी के पांचवें सिर को ही काट दिया। बाद में शिवजी के कहने पर भैरवजी काशी प्रस्थान किये जहां ब्रह्म हत्या से उन्हें मुक्ति मिली। रूद्र ने इन्हें काशी का कोतवाल नियुक्ति किया। आज भी ये काशी के कोतवाल के रूप में पूजे जाते हैं। कहा जाता है की विश्वनाथ के दर्शन काशी के कोतवाल के बिना अधूरे हैं।

The 3rd estate of then French society was further divided into three categories. Big businessmen, merchants, court OFFICIALS, lawyers, etc. belonged to the first category of 3rd estate. Peasants and artisans belonged to the second category. And small peasants, landless labours and servants belonged to third category, and were considered as the lowest class in the society. MEMBERS of the third state had to pay all types of taxes including TITHES and taille. Explanation:Tithes: A type of tax COLLECTED by churches which was collected from peasants in the eighteenth century French Society. Taille: A type of direct and indirect tax which was paid to the state by members of third estate in French Society in the eighteenth century. Taille was levied on items used for daily CONSUMPTION, such as tobacco, salt, etc.

tion:He who darkens") is a PURANIC war-title that often refers to a malevolent Asura named Jaladharāsura who is killed by Shiva for trying to ABDUCT his CONSORT, Pārvatī. His story finds mention in various HINDU texts, including the Matsya Purāṇa, the Kūrma Purāṇa, the Liṅga Purāṇa and the Śiva Purāṇa.

The RISE of NATIONALISM in EUROPE initiated with the Spring of Nations in 1848. According to Leon- Baradat, nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those interests. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, in a few decades, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments.[1] Some COUNTRIES, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.plss mark my answer in brainlist ....

I don't KNOW this ANSWER SRY Sry

In HINDU mythology, it is TOLD that the river goddess GANGA was created from SHIVA's hair.HOPE IT HELPS!MARK AS BRAINLIEST!

the PRAYER EK onkaar BELONG to SIKH RELIGION

Mabbdg. Fyjjfdrhjkouf

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (ALSO called Fall of the Roman Empire or Fall of Rome) was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the Emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil ADMINISTRATION. Increasing pressure from invading barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed GREATLY to the collapse. Climate CHANGE has been suggested as a driver of the changes in some of these factors.[1] The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure.Mark brainliest "^_^"

ter : Block-A Dilshad Garden Delhi-110095Dear Friend,ABC,Hi ! How are you? What's about your study ? I know that after a long time I write this letter to you. I write this letter on special purpose.First of all I am really really sorry. I know I am your best friend and you always say that "I can't live without you". But I change my school this year . I know on when you understood that I change my school you feel very alone . I change my school because my father's job tansfer in Delhi .So, we need to transfer in Delhi. My new school is not only big but also CLEAN. I get a new friend here. But I really miss you and also the our FRIENDS and teachers. I miss our benches. Our teachers are really BORED because of us.I miss all thinks and specially our last benchers group.After finishing the EXAMS I come for meet you and our friends. All the best for exams.Take care and don't worried about me.Your's LOVINGLY,XYZ.

don't KNOW what to dosorry

during the FRENCH revolution period, only the men who were above the age of 25 yrs  and PAID the taxes equal to 3 days of labour wages....they were ELIGIBLE Explanation:

tion:DOBEREINER's LAW of triads states that, the atomic mass of the middle element of a triad is the ARITHMETIC mean of the atomic masses of the other two ELEMENTS. Example:In the triad of lithium, sodium and potassium.Atomic Mass Of Na..is 22.989769 u

European governments were DRIVEN by the spirit of Conservatism after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. 1. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society-the Church, social HIERARCHIES, property and family-should be preserved. 2. They also realized that modernization COULD strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy and a return to the society of the pre-revolutionary days was not required. This could, eventually, contribute towards making state power more effective and strong. 3. The belief that abolition of feudalism and serfdom, REPLACING it with a modern army, an efficient bureaucracy and a strong ECONOMY could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.

Rinderpest REFERS tocattle plague. It TOOK place during the 1890's in Africa. It changed the lives of the PEOPLE and restructured the ECONOMY. This was because land and livestock sustained the economy of Africa, thus, Rinderpesthad adverse effects on the people.

hello FRNDS CHAI pee LO!EXPLANATION:

a, a MOTION of no confidence can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). ... If a majority of the members of the house VOTE in favour of the motion, the motion is passed and the GOVERNMENT is bound to vacate the office.How it HELPS u plz MARK me d brainliest

Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.It was introduced in provinces of BENGAL, Bihar, ORISSA and Varanasi.Also known as Permanent Settlement System.Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the RENT from the peasants.The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.Hope this HELPS you

1: Sorrieu grouped PEOPLE into different nations, with their distinct flags and costumes.2: US and Switzerland are leading the processions.3: A FEMALE figure HOLDING TORCH of enlightenment and charter of rights of the man.