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Explanation:Muhammad was born in c. 694.[4] His birthplace was almost CERTAINLY in the Hejaz (western ARABIA), either in Ta'if, the traditional home of his Thaqif tribe, or in Mecca or Medina.[5] Following their general embrace of Islam in c. 630, members of the Thaqif gradually attained high military and administrative ranks in the nascent Caliphate and played the important command and economic ROLES during and after the early Muslim conquests, particularly in Iraq.[6] The tribe produced effective commanders associated with early Arab military operations against the Indian subcontinent: in c. 636 the Thaqafite governor of Bahrayn (eastern Arabia), UTHMAN ibn Abi al-As, dispatched naval expeditions against the Indian ports of Debal, Thane and Bharuch.[7] The tribe's power continued to increase with the advent of the Umayyad Caliphate in 661.[7] Muhammad belonged to the Abu Aqil family of the Banu Awf, one of the two principal branches of the Thaqif.[7] The Abu Aqil family gained prestige with the rise of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, the paternal first cousin of Muhammad's father al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hakam.[7] Al-Hajjaj was made a commander by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) during the Second Muslim Civil War and KILLED the Umayyads' chief rival for the caliphate, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, in 692, and two years later was appointed the viceroy of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate.[8][5] Following his promotion, al-Hajjaj became a patron of the Thaqif and appointed several members to important posts in Iraq and its dependencies.[9] Muhammad's father was appointed the deputy governor of Basra, though his career was otherwise undistinguished.[10] According to a letter between Muhammad and al-Hajjaj cited by the Chach Nama, Muhammad's mother was a certain Habibat al-Uzma (Habiba the Great).[10] The Chach Nama also indicates Muhammad had a similar-aged brother named Sulb and Arabic sources indicate he had a much younger brother named al-Hajjaj, who served as an Umayyad commander during the Alid revolt of 740.[10]

.✅✅✔✔A second reading is the stage of the LEGISLATIVE PROCESS where a draft of a bill is READ a second time. In most Westminster systems, a VOTE i

The key FEATURE of the UNITARY GOVERNMENT is to RESPECT the nation's interest

ʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴀɴsᴡᴇʀ ⬇️Explanation:ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴇᴀʟᴛʜᴄᴀʀᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ɪs ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴘʀɪᴍᴀʀʏ, sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅᴀʀʏ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴇʀᴛɪᴀʀʏ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟs. ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪᴍᴀʀʏ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴀʀᴇ sᴜʙ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀɪᴍᴀʀʏ ʜᴇᴀʟᴛʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇs (ᴘʜᴄs). ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅᴀʀʏ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛʏ ʜᴇᴀʟᴛʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇs (ᴄʜᴄs) ᴀɴᴅ sᴍᴀʟʟᴇʀ sᴜʙ-ᴅɪsᴛʀɪᴄᴛ ʜᴏsᴘɪᴛᴀʟs.

राजनीतिशास्त्र वह विज्ञान है जो मानव के एक राजनीतिक और सामाजिक प्राणी होने के नाते उससे संबंधित राज्य और सरकार दोनों संस्थाओं का अध्ययन करता है।। राजनीति विज्ञान अध्ययन का एक विस्तृत विषय या क्षेत्र है।

These are provinces, municipalities, CITIES, and barangays. These political subdivisions ENJOY autonomy, especially in local AFFAIRS. But, they are also under the GENERAL SUPERVISION of the Chief Executive, through the Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).Explanation:

मंगोल साम्राज्य 13 वीं और 14 वीं शताब्दियों के दौरान एक विशाल साम्राज्य था। इस साम्राज्य का आरम्भ चंगेज खान द्वारा मंगोलिया के घूमन्तू जनजातियों के एकीकरण से हुआ। मध्य एशिया में शुरू यह राज्य अंततः पूर्व में यूरोप से लेकर पश्चिम में जापान के सागर तक और उत्तर में साइबेरिया से लेकर दक्षिण में भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप तक फैल गया।

ভাৰতীয় ৰাজনীতি সাম্প্ৰদায়িকতা বাদৰ কাৰণ সমূহ কি

t is the sum of finances allocated for a particular purpose and the summary of INTENDED EXPENDITURES ALONG with proposals for how to meet them. It may include a budget surplus, providing money for use at a future TIME, or a deficit in which expenses exceed INCOME.

The practice of a separate RAILWAY Budget STARTED in 1924 during the BRITISH rule in India. ... HOWEVER, the practice of PRESENTATION of a separate Railway Budget, two days before the General Budget is still continued majorly for political gains.

More specifically, in DEMOCRACIES, these fundamental or inalienable rights include FREEDOM of speech and expression, freedom of religion and conscience, freedom of ASSEMBLY, and the right to equal PROTECTION before the law.

tion:• Educate yourself on a particular movement.• Work on your own habits and beliefs.• Research the local presence.• Take ACTION in your community.• GO to a protest or demonstration.• Use SOCIAL media.• VOLUNTEER your time.hope it's helpful to you DEAR

bjp is BETTER than congress party fluck Rahul GANDHI jai bjpExplanation:B

ion :-What does Civil Court means ? What cases come come under this court ?★ Solution :-Civil Court is a type of court which deals with civil cases that is no crime related issues. Jail or hanging punishment are given very less by these type of courts. Actually, at jail punishments are for months or years for cheating not for lifetime. Civil Courts deal mostly money - related cases and settles dispute mostly by exchange of fine money. They can settle the cases of private individuals, businessman, governments, etc. Even the liability of the case are mostly based on injuries which are not exactly the physical injuries and those can be solved without any major punishment.» Cases that can be handled by Civil Courts are ::• Money - related issues : When two groups or two individuals FACE issues like cheating in exchange of money for example one has given money and then he/she is not returning that money. Then the one who gave the money can file a case in ORDER to get his money back. Same case goes when one invests money in any business or has been got cheated for money somewhere. • Personal Violence : Many a times cases arrive of personal violations. This include the violation of speech of for just silly arguments. Literally, for such cases a major punishment won't be a right option. So fine of money can be better to give as a punishment. Even the same procedure is for cases which happen by SMALL disputes. • BUDGET Issues of Government : We already know that government decides specific budgets every where. Now if there any dispute arises between the government's decision and other group regarding those budget , then there can a be a case filed in civil courts for the same. These cases can also deal with same topic but with oppositions like two governments, two business groups, two individuals, etc. • Property Related Cases : Many a times, dispute arise between two groups due to sharing of property. Both the groups require non - biased judgement. So civil court is responsible to solve such type of cases. Again, these cases can involve two opposing business groups, two governments, etc. Property cases involve land agreements, munshi of that area, sarpanch and lekhpal of that region. The cases related to inheritance, power of attorney, etc. come under this category only. • Divorce : These cases are also heard and solved in Civil Courts. For divorce related cases, there is no specific punishment except the exchange of fine money. Divorce cases involve two individuals who want separation from their marriage relationship. Thus these kind of issues require special concern of civil judges who can take over liable judgement because these cases involve exchange of money to live life. • Frauds : These are cases involving cheating of money by a institution, person, etc. on terms of offer. Frauds relate to the condition when a person looses his/her money after being cheated by a person for some offers. Thes type of cases can be filled in the civil courts to get the money in return and even fine money. ________________________________★ More to know :-• Criminal Courts : These are the courts which deals of the issue which are crime related like murder, theft, etc. • Cases that criminal courts can deal are ::Criminal MurderRobberyCorruption• Civil Courts in India ::DelhiAllahabadBhopalMumbaiChennaiKolkata

sorryExplanation:because INDIANS are BEST INDIA doesn't COMPARE ANYONE with him

If necessary, convert one of the measurements so that both measurements are in the same UNIT. Working from LEFT to right, compare digits that have the same place value. Starting with the digit on the left and MOVING right, whichever NUMBER first has a larger digit is the larger number overall

Social justice is the VIEW that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities. Social workers aim to open the doors of access and opportunity for everyone, particularly those in GREATEST NEED.” National Association of Social Workers. “Social justice encompasses economic justice.Explanation:HOPE it helps

as CREATED with the objective to issue UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION numbers (UID), named as "Aadhaar", to all residents of India.

Depletion of water table OCCURS because of GROUND water and reduction in the water by NATURAL process.

by-electionExplanation:i HOPE its HELP in STUDY

The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 has ADDED a new part IX consisting of 16 Articles and the ELEVENTH SCHEDULE to the Constitution. The 73th Amendment envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayat RAJ System to perform functions and POWERS entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.Explanation:

another name of INDIRECT democracy, is representative democracy, in when citizens elect representatives to make LAWS for them. This is what most MODERN countries have TODAY.

ch constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (MLA). Each state has between seven and NINE MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's BICAMERAL parliament.

Chaudhary Devi Lal, then an opposition leader, led a movement called 'Nyaya Yudh' (STRUGGLE for JUSTICE) and FORMED a new PARTY, Lok Dal.

Mayor.Explanation:By the process of DECENTRALIZATION power is DIVIDED between local government- 1. Panchayat 2. MUNICIPAL Corporation.

TehsildarExplanation:Tehsildar is the chief or KEY government officer of each tehsil or TALUKA. In some states different nomenclature LIKE talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In MANY states of India, the tehsildar works as a magistrate.

vadhi KAM LOGO KO thrayagaya THA

सुधारों में एक महत्वपूर्ण परिचय अलग निर्वाचक मंडल थे जहां सीटें मुस्लिमों के लिए आरक्षित थीं और जिनमें केवल मुसलमानों को ही चुना जाएगा। मुस्लिमों और उनके हितों का केवल मुसलमानों द्वारा संरक्षण किया जा सकता है, जो आने वाले दशकों में भारतीय राजनीति को प्रभावित करेगा।Explanation:

सर्वसत्तावाद, सर्वाधिकारवाद (TOTALITARIANISM) या समग्रवादी व्यवस्था उस राजनीतिक व्यवस्था का नाम है जिसमें शासन अपनी सत्ता की कोई सीमारेखा नहीं मानता और लोगों के जीवन के सभी पहलुओं को यथासम्भव नियंत्रित करने को उद्यत रहता है। ऐसा शासन प्रायः किसी एक व्यक्ति, एक वर्ग या एक समूह के नियंत्रण में रहता है। समग्रवादी व्यवस्था लक्ष्यों, साधनों एवं नीतियों के दृष्टिकोण से प्रजातांत्रिक व्यवस्था के बिल्कुल विपरीत होता है। यह एक तानाशाह या शक्तिशाली समूह की इच्छाओं एवं संकल्पनाओं पर आधारित होता है। इसमें राजनैतिक शक्ति का केन्द्रीकरण होता है अर्थात् राजनैतिक शक्ति एक व्यक्ति, समूह या दल के हाथ में होती है। ये आर्थिक क्रियाओं का सम्पूर्ण नियंत्रण करता है। इसमें एक सर्वशक्तिशाली केन्द्र से सम्पूर्ण व्यवस्था को नियंत्रित किया जाता है। इसमें सांस्कृतिक विभिन्नता को समाप्त कर दिया जाता है और सम्पूर्ण समाज को सामान्य संस्कृति के अधीन करने का प्रयत्न किया जाता है। ऐसा प्रयत्न वास्तव में दृष्टिकोणों की विभिन्नता की समाप्ति के लिये किया जाता है और ऐसा करके केन्द्र द्वारा दिये जाने वाले आदेशों और आज्ञाओं के पालन में पड़ने वाली रूकावटों को दूर करने का प्रयत्न किया जाता है। समग्रवादी व्यवस्था का सम्बन्ध एक सर्वशक्तिशाली राज्य से है। इसमें पूर्ण या समग्र को वास्तविक मानकर इसके हितों की पूर्ति के लिये आयोजन किया जाता है। किन वस्तुओं का उत्पादन किया जाएगा, कब, कहाँ, कैसे और किनके द्वारा किया जायेगा और कौन लोग इसमें लाभान्वित होगें, इसका निश्चय मात्र एक राजनैतिक दल, समूह या व्यक्ति द्वारा किया जाता है। इसमें व्यक्तिगत साहस व क्रिया के लिये स्थान नहीं होता है। सम्पूर्ण सम्पत्ति व उत्पादन के समस्त साधनों पर राज्य का अधिकार होता है।

(i) The Gram Panchayat makes arrangements for pure drinking WATER and undertakes disinfection drives of the WELLS, tanks, ETC. (ii) It makes sanitary arrangements in the village. (iii) It makes efforts for improving the health of the PEOPLE, and for this PURPOSE it opens hospitals and dispensaries.

चुनाव आयोग ने उप राष्ट्रपति चुनाव के लिए तारीख़ का ऐलान कर दिया है. 5 अगस्त को मतदान होगा और नतीजा भी इसी दिन घोषित कर दिया जाएगा. अभी तक न तो एनडीए ने इस पद के लिए अपने उम्मीदवार का नाम घोषित किया है और न ही विपक्ष ने.ग़ौरतलब है कि मौजूदा उप राष्ट्रपति हामिद अंसारी का दूसरा कार्यकाल 10 अगस्त को ख़त्म हो रहा है.जानिए, भारत में उपराष्ट्रपति का चुनाव कैसे होता है:क्या हैं उप राष्ट्रपति की ज़िम्मेदारियांयह चुनाव इसलिए अहम है क्योंकि उप राष्ट्रपति राज्यसभा का सभापति भी होता है. संविधान में उपराष्ट्रपति को मुख्य ज़िम्मेदारी यही दी गई है.इसके अलावा भी कुछ भूमिकाएं भी हैं जिनका निर्वहन उप राष्ट्रपति को करना होता है. अगर राष्ट्रपति का पद किसी वजह से ख़ाली हो जाए तो यह ज़िम्मेदारी उप राष्ट्रपति को ही निभानी पड़ती है क्योंकि राष्ट्रप्रमुख के पद को ख़ाली नहीं रखा जा सकता.पदक्रम के आधार पर देखें तो उप राष्ट्रपति का पद राष्ट्रपति से नीचे और प्रधानमंत्री से ऊपर होता है. उप राष्ट्रपति विदेश दौरों पर भी जाते हैं ताकि अन्य देशों के साथ कूटनीतिक रिश्ते मज़बूत किए जा सकें.

mark me as brainlist ❣️❣️❣️Explanation:CHALLENGES TO FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS - DEFINITION..The challenges to free and fair elections in INDIA include:(I) Money POWER of candidates and political parties(II) Criminal ELEMENTS entering the political fray(iii) Family politics(iv) Similarity of parties in policies and practice(v) DISADVANTAGES of smaller parties and independent candidates.

In this FASCINATING study, Muhsin J. al-Musawi shows how deeply Islamic heritage and culture is embedded in the tales of The Thousand and One Nights (known to many as the Arabian Nights) and how this integration invites readers to make an Islamic milieu. Conservative Islam dismisses The Thousand and One Nights as facile popular literature, and liberal views disregard the rich Islamic context of the text. Approaching the text with a fresh and unbiased eye, al-Musawi reads the tales against Islamic schools of thought and theology and recovers persuasive HISTORICAL evidence to reveal the cultural and religious struggle over Islam that drives the book's narrative TENSION and binds its seemingly fragmented stories.Written by a number of authors over a stretch of centuries, The Thousand and One Nights depicts a burgeoning, urban Islamic culture in all its variety and complexity. As al-Musawi demonstrates, the tales document their own places and periods of production, reflecting the Islamic individual's growing exposure to a number of entertainments and temptations and their conflict with the obligations of faith. Aimed at a diverse audience, these stories follow a narrative arc that BEGINS with corruption and ends with redemption, conforming to a paradigm that concurs with the sociological and religious concerns of Islam and the Islamic state. By emphasizing Islam in his analysis of these entertaining and instructional tales, al-Musawi not only illuminates the work's consistent equation between art and life, but he also sheds light on its underlying narrative power. His study offers a brilliant portrait of medieval Islam as well, especially its social, political, and economic institutions and its unique practices of storytelling.

In liberal societies, it is argued, the state is a site of formal equality between all CITIZENS. Civil SOCIETY, in CONTRAST, is characterised by freedom, social diversity and competition in the MARKET place, which results in MATERIAL inequalities.

tion:Good GOVERNANCE has been one of the major objectives of law reform in recent times. Devolution of political power to grassroots has been considered as one of the attributes of good governance. India made a major step towards that direction by bringing in the Seventy Third and Seventy Fourth constitutional amendments in 1992. These amendments gave constitutional status to local self-governing institutions and made periodic elections to these institutions mandatory. Representation of socially excluded sections of the society in the form of reservations was also an important FEATURE of these amendments. Tribal societies had their own systems of governance and these institutions had wide powers on the community including the power to adjudicate criminal disputes and to impose punishments. The Indian Constitution had recognized this parallel system of governance in the V and VI schedule to the Constitution. An ATTEMPT is made to STUDY the impact of democratically elected and ‘representative’ Panchayati Raj institutions on the traditional tribal institutions.Arunachal Pradesh (AP) is inhabited by 26 major tribes and numerous sub-tribes and minor tribes having unique cultural attributes. Each tribe has its own traditional system for administration of the society. As per the prevailing understanding, these institutions also support the government in implementation of policies and programs. The Arunachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act, 1997 introduced a new governance structure which is parallel to the traditional system. In particular, the Gram Panchayat under the Panchayati Raj Act and Village Council recognised by the Assam Frontier (Administration of Justice) Regulation 1945 seems to be institutions that are contextualised for the same purpose.The purpose of this study is to:Critically analyse the implementation of the Arunachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act 1997 and its interaction with traditional customary institutions in Papum Pare and East Kemang Districts of the State.Prescribe policy, legal and institutional interventions to the Government in order bring out the best possible solutions for a healthy interaction between Panchayati Raj Act and traditional laws and institutions AIMED at harmonised existence of both the institutions.

भारत के संविधान में राज्य सरकारों और केन्द्र सरकार के मध्य मुद्दों अथवा अधिकारों के बंटवारे के लिए विभिन्न अनुसूचियाँ परिभाषित की गयी हैं। इनमें से महत्त्वपूर्ण अनुच्छेद २४५ और २४६ के अन्तर्गत आते हैं। भारतीय संविधान की सातवीं अनुसूची राज्यों और संघ के मध्य के अधिकारों को उल्लिखित करती है। इसमें तीन सूचियाँ हैं: 1) संघ सूची, 2) राज्य सूची और 3) समवर्ती सूची। EXPLANATION:

There is a great VARIETY in the world of human beings, animal and plant life. Some PEOPLE are more POWERFUL PHYSICALLY to others, some are more intelligent than other humans. This is natural inequality. Social inequality, is the variations in, money, caste, positions of various person's.

re is a great variety in the world of HUMAN beings, ANIMAL and plant life. Some people are more powerful physically to others, some are more intelligent than other humans. This is natural inequality. Social inequality, is the variations in, money, caste, POSITIONS of various PERSON's.