Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The Calvin cycle is organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.Explanation:leaves through stomata, where it diffuses over short distances through intercellular spaces until it reaches the mesophyll cells. Once in the mesophyll cells, CO2 diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast, the site of light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions ACTUALLY have several names associated with them. Other names for light-independent reactions INCLUDE the Calvin cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and dark reactions. The most outdated name is dark reactions, which can be misleading because it implies incorrectly that the reaction only occurs at night or is independent of light, which is why most scientists and instructors no longer use it.imageFigure: Light Reactions: Light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where the Calvin cycle takes place. The Calvin cycle is not totally independent of light since it relies on ATP and NADH, which are products of the light-dependent reactions.The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.imageFigure: The Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle has three stages. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA. In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced using electrons supplied by NADPH. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. Only one carbon dioxide molecule is incorporated at a time, so the cycle must be completed three times to produce a single three-carbon GA3P molecule, and six times to produce a six-carbon glucose molecule.Stage 1: FixationIn the stroma, in addition to CO2,two other components are present to initiate the light-independent reactions: an enzyme called RIBULOSE bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) and three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). RuBP has five atoms of carbon, FLANKED by two phosphates. RuBisCO catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and RuBP. For each CO2 molecule that reacts with one RuBP, two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) form. 3-PGA has three carbons and one PHOSPHATE. Each turn of the cycle involves only one RuBP and one carbon dioxide and forms two molecules of 3-PGA. The number of carbon atoms remains the same, as the atoms move to form new bonds during the reactions (3 atoms from 3CO2 + 15 atoms from 3RuBP = 18 atoms in 3 atoms of 3-PGA). This process is called carbon fixation because CO2 is “fixed” from an inorganic form into organic molecules.Stage 2: ReductionATP and NADPH are used to convert the six molecules of 3-PGA into six molecules of a chemical called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). This is a reduction reaction because it involves the gain of electrons by 3-PGA. Recall that a reduction is the gain of an electron by an atom or molecule. Six molecules of both ATP and NADPH are used. For ATP, energy is released with the loss of the terminal phosphate atom, converting it to ADP; for NADPH, both energy and a hydrogen atom are lost, converting it into NADP+. Both of these molecules return to the nearby light-dependent reactions to be reused and reenergized.Stage 3: RegenerationAt this point, only one of the G3P molecules leaves the Calvin cycle and is sent to the cytoplasm to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. Because the G3P exported from the chloroplast has three carbon atoms, it takes three “turns” of the Calvin cycle to fix enough net carbon to export one G3P. But each turn makes two G3Ps, thus three turns make six G3Ps. One is exported while the remaining five G3P molecules remain in the cycle and are used to regenerate RuBP, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed. Three more molecules of ATP are used in these regeneration reactionsPls follow me and have a nice day... ❤️

corona or covind19 viruse is one of the most deadliest virus. following think's should be follow to protect from covid191wash your HAND continuously with alcohol containing bandhun and sanitizer 2measure your body temperature atleast 2 times in a DAY if flu or fever occurs then go to the doctor 3keep the SURROUNDING around you CLEAN and bacteria free4always use tissue or handkerchief while sneezing or coughing5throw all the material like mask, tissue paper,etc in closed mouth desbin 6always keep DINNING table,plates,etc clean7always keep your toilet clean and drythese are the think's you should do

The heart is roughly cone shaped hollow organ. It is approximately the SIZE of owner’s CLOSED fist and weighs about 250-300 gm in female and 300-350gm in the MALE. The heart lies in the thoracic cavity in the space between the lungs (mediastinum) anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum. The heart consists of 4 chambers. At first, the heart is divided into the right and left side by the septum. Each side is further divided into 2 chambers each by the atrioventricular valve. The upper two chambers are called atrium and lower two are called ventricles. Atrium are thin-walled chamber SEPARATED by an interauricular septumThe right atrium receives impure blood from the body through the opening via superior and inferior VENA cava. Ventricles are a thick-walled chamber. separated by the thick inter-ventricular septum.

Saliva is deeply associated with HEALTH or the functions of our body, including TEETH and gums. The PRODUCTION of saliva is promoted when we chew food THOROUGHLY. Saliva has various functions including chemical digestion and cleaning the mouth.hope it helps you...please mark it as a BRAINLIST answer...also please rate thanks and follow me....stay home STAY SAFE...

nomenon of providing nutrients to the body is called human nutritionExplanation:there are 6 essential nutrients are very essential or nesecaary for our body.... human nutrition is a process by which substances in food are tranformed into body tissue and provide energy for the FULL range of physical and mental activities that make up human life the study of human nutrition is interdisciplinaryI hope U UNDERSTAND this answer plz RATE this answer frnds and make me BRAINLIST...thank u ...

The atmosphere is essential for life for the following reasons: (a) OXYGEN which is essential for the SURVIVAL of all living ORGANISMS is present in the atmosphere. ... (d) The atmosphere acts as a protective blanket for the earth by blocking the harmful UV rays from the sun.please follow meMark as BRAINLIEST answe

which LANGUAGE is this..........?

are two major TYPES of carbohydrates (or carbs) in foods: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates: These are also called simple sugars. They're found in refined sugars, like the white sugar you see in a sugar bowl. If you have a lollipop, you're eating simple carbs.2.Protein is a nutrient used to make and repair our body cells (like blood and muscle cells). About 1/2 of your dry body WEIGHT is protein. If you do not eat enough carbohydrates, protein will be changed to carbohydrates so that you can get energy.3.small child became very thin and lean and LATER he became so weak that he could not move. Which nutrients should he eat so as to improve his health? ANS: Both carbohydrates and proteins.4.A unique aspect of vitamin D as a nutrient is that it can be synthesized by the HUMAN body through the action of sunlight. These dual sources of vitamin D make it challenging to develop dietary reference intake values. Vitamin D, also known as calciferol, comprises a group of fat-soluble seco-sterols.

because LIGHT is BENDING EXPLANATION:

However, in practice a piece of aluminum dropped into water will not react under room temperature conditions, or even with boiling water. This is because the aluminum has a thin coherent, adhering layer of aluminum oxide, Al2O3, on its surface and this alumina layer prevents the reaction...Potassium METAL reacts very rapidly with water to form a COLOURLESS solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and HYDROGEN gas (H2). The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide...

tion:The gravitational SINGULARITY predicted by general RELATIVITY to exist at the center of a black HOLE is not a phase of matter; it is not a material object at all (although the mass-energy of matter contributed to its creation) but rather a property of spacetime at a location.Please mark me as BRAINLIEST if it helps and follow me

tion:Karl BenzIt is generally acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were COMPLETED ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY by several German INVENTORS working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in MANNHEIM.

which can grow, move, breathe and reproduce are called living things. Living things can also feel emotions LIKE anger, fear and happiness. After growing and living for a LONG TIME living things ultimately DIE. Examples of living things are human beings, animals and PLANTS.

Wright BROTHERS Explanation:mark it is BRAINLIST and FOLLOW me

please mark me as brainliestExplanation:5.A copper vessel gets covered with green coating in rainy season because the metal reacts with atmospheric CO2in the presence of moisture to form green basic copper carbonate.6.The pop sound comes from the small explosion formed by the BURNINGOF HYDROGEN with OXYGEN. Other common gasses, such as water vapour, nitrogen, and carbon DIOXIDE will not burn with oxygen, so WILLNOT give a pop.

The MELTING point of a substance is the temperature at which it CHANGES state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid PHASE exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa....hope it helps you

Explanation:The resonance energy of benzene based on an ethane‐ethylene‐like Kekulé structure is 74.86 kcal. The similar quantity for butadiene is 17.28 kcal. These QUANTITIES are INDEPENDENT of the value of the heat of sublimation of CARBON. They are obtained from the heats of atomization of the appropriate molecules or from the heats of hydrogenation of the pertinent related COMPOUNDS. Both methods YIELD the same results if properly applied.

Pepsin, please mark me as brainliastExplanation:Pepsin is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive ENZYMES, which HELPS in digestion of the proteins in food. Zymogenic CELL or peptic cell is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. The INACTIVE pepsinogen, on exposure to hydrochloric acid, gets converted to the active enzyme pepsin, the proteolytic enzyme of the stomach. Pepsin converts proteins into proteoses and peptones (peptides). Pepsin hydrolyses proteins to polypeptide chains and initiates protein digestion Hence, the protein-digesting enzyme is pepsin.So, the correct answer is 'pepsin'.

tion:3.fuse,LOW melting 4. nichrome5. ELECTROMAGNET please MARK as a brainliest hope it is HELPFUL

But what is PROBLEM here

ᴘʟᴀɴᴇᴛs ᴅᴏɴ'ᴛ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴠᴇ ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀʀᴛʜ .ᴍᴏᴏɴ ʀᴇᴠᴏᴠᴇs ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀʀᴛʜ .ᴘʟᴀɴᴇᴛs ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜɴ........

ition: A term USED to refer to any condition in which the body does not receive ENOUGH nutrients for PROPER function. Malnutrition may range from mild to SEVERE and life-threatening. ... Malnutrition remains a significant global problem, especially in DEVELOPING countries.

Please mark me as brainliastExplanation:ova. Ovum, plural ova, in human PHYSIOLOGY, single cell released from either of the female reproductive organs, the OVARIES, which is capable of DEVELOPING into a new organism when FERTILIZED (united) with a sperm cell. Ovum.I think it will be HELPFUL

answer is WATER MILK solutionExplanation:here we have PURE milk.it is solvent now.now pour some water it is SOLUTE now.then both will be MIXED .water milk solution it is.mark me as brainliest

35 is the mass NUMBER Explanation:PLEASE mark me as BRAINLIEST and FOLLOW me

The RESONANCE energy is defined as the DIFFERENCE between the electronic energy of a real (CONJUGATED) molecule and a hypothetical Kekuléé structure with localized bonds. From: Handbook of Heterocyclic CHEMISTRY (Third Edition), 2010.Hope it HELPS you...

There are many factors that affect the evaporation RATE. The rate of evaporation depends on the liquid's exposed surface area (faster when increased), the HUMIDITY of surroundings (SLOWER when increased), the presence of wind (faster when increased) and the temperature (faster when increased).Explanation:mark as BRAINLIST

1)ulteafast2)temporary3)ELECTRIC FUSE ,overloading4)nichrome5)electromagnet..........................................................1)true2)true3)true4)false5)falseExplanation:HEY mate . My answer will definately HELP you

tion:NaO,ALCL3,Na2Sare the FORMULAS I hope it will HELPFUL to you

hyy mate...Explanation:Animal REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM, any of the organ SYSTEMS by which animals reproduce. The role ofreproduction is to PROVIDE for the continued existence of a species; it is the process by which living organisms duplicate themselves.its ur answer. i hope it ill help UIF u LIKE my answer thenplxxx mark me brillant.......

d is an REGION of undefined nuclear region in cytoplasm of Prokaryotic cells , which CONTAINS chromatin structure which has the HEREDITARY material of the CELL.

Women’s Fight Equality During the pre-civil war period of 1820-1860, vast CHANGES in society were occurring. Conflicts between the NORTH and South were increasing in number and intensity, and many advocators of abolition and women’s rights began to gain recognition and supporters. This was a period of great change in the United States, particularly for women. In fact, this is when women began to actively give their support to a wide-range of reforms. Many supported the abolition movement and the temperance movement. With the majority of women advocating for the highly visible abolition and temperance movements, disunity fell upon the women’s right movement.…show more content…However, by 1860 women were receiving the same educational privileges as men, therefore accomplishing their goal of educational equality. A woman by the name of Elizabeth Blackwell was the first modern woman to graduate from medical school in 1849, proving that women can be as intelligent as men, and sometimes even their superior. (Franck 134)In the early 1800’s, family sizes were enormous, averaging seven children per household, and women knew very little of how to control pregnancy. The wide-spread knowledge of contraception was not present until the LATE 1820’s when speeches and books were starting to appear. The first book, MORAL Physiology, advocating Birth Control was published in 1830 by Robert Owens. After that there was an abundance of books dealing with contraception. FANNY Wright was a well-known public speaker and motivator for women’s rights who spoke out about contraception. (Rappaport 113-114)These methods helped to educate women on how to prevent pregnancy.

Translucent objects allow some light to travel through them. MATERIALS LIKE frosted glass and some plastics are called translucent. ... Most of the light is either REFLECTED by the object or absorbed and converted to thermal energy. Materials such as WOOD, stone, and metals are opaque to visible light.Explanation: MARK ME AS THE BRAINLIEST

on I HOPE that it will HELP you....❤️❤️❤️