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Heat transfer = (MASS)(specific heat)(temperature change)

Q = mcΔT

Q = heat content in Joules

m = mass

C = specific heat, J/G °C

T = temperature

ΔT = change in temperature

Heat Transfer Formula Questions:

1) How much energy is TRANSFERRED if a block of copper with a mass of 50 g is heated from 20°C to 100 °C? The specific heat of copper, Cu, is c = 0.386 J/g°C.

Answer: The temperature change Δ T = 100 °C - 20 °C = 80 °C. The mass, m = 50 g. Use the formula for Heat Transfer.

Q = mcΔT

Q = (50 g)(0.386 J/g°C)(80 J/g°C)

Q = 1544 Joules


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As natural ABUNDANCE of DEUTERIUM and Tritium is very less, so formation of Beryllium stable isotope Beryllium-9 is very RARE. Other isotopes are unstable and HENCE we have very less abundance of Beryllium





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1. Question: Two bulbs have ratings 100 W, 220 V and 60 W, 220 V respectively. Which one has a greater resistance?

Answer: P=VI= V2/R For the same V, R is inversely proportional to P.

Therefore, the bulb 60 W, 220 V has a greater resistance.

2. Question: A torch bulb has a resistance of 1 Ω when cold. It draws a current of 0.2 A from a source of 2 V and glows. Calculate
(i) the resistance of the bulb when glowing and
(ii) explain the reason for the difference in resistance.

Answer:
(i) When the bulb glows:

V = I R ---- Ohm's law R = V/I = 2/.2 =10 Ω

(ii) Resistance of the filament of the bulb increases with increase in temperature. Hence when it glows its resistances is greater than when it is cold.

3. Question: Calculate the resistance of 1 km long copper wire of radius 1 mm. (Resistivity of copper = 1.72 x 1 0-8

Answer: L = 1 km = 1000 m
R = 1 mm = 1 x 1 0-3
p = 1.72 x 1 0-8 W m

Area of cross section = p r2 = 3.14 x 1 0-3 x 1 0-3 = 3.14 x 1 0-6

R = pl/A = (1.72 x 1 0-8 x 1000 ) / 3.14 x 1 0-6 = 5.5 W

4. Question: When a potential difference of 2 V is applied across the ends of a wire of 5 m length, a current of 1 A is found to flow through it. Calculate:
(i) the resistance PER unit length of the wire
(ii) the resistance of 2 m length of this wire
(iii) the resistance across the ends of the wire if it is doubled on itself.

Answer: (i) V = I R ----- Ohm's law R=V/I=2/1= 2 Ohm

Resistance per unit length: 2/5= 0.4 Ohm/m

(ii) Resistance of 2 m length of the wire = 0.4 x 2=0.8 ohm

(iii) When the wire is doubled on itself:

(a) the area of cross-section is doubled. If A is the original C.S. area, now it is 2 A.

(b) The length becomes half i.e.L/2

Resistance of this wire =R' = p (l/2)/(2A) = 1/4(p(L/A)

But p(L/A) = 2 ohm

R' = 1/4 x 2=0.5 Ohm

5. How much work is DONE in moving 4 C across two point having pd. 10 v

Solution : W = VQ = 10 x 4 = 40J




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Crystal of Copper sulphate holds 5 molecules of water. When it is HEATED ,the water is evaporated ,greyish WHITE powder of copper(ll) sulphate is formed.

CuSO4.5 H2O gives ——→ CuSO4 + 5H2O

when anhydrous CuSO4 is heated, copper(ll)oxide & sulphur trioxide is formed.

CuSO4 (s) ———->CuO (s) + SO3 (g).



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The ANSWER isBiochemical OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

Sandy soil allows WATER to reach a well faster and in a greater amounts. The particles in sandy soil are LOOSELY packed, with large AIR spaces. Water soaks into it easily.


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When RRM (RADIO resource manager) of eNodeB has CRUNCH of radio resources and it does not accommodate a new BEARER or UE then it may decided to release the existing bearers based on ARP values of existing bearers. This is my understanding of ERAB release INDICATION procedure

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Anaerobic respiration produces an oxygen debt. This is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidise LACTIC acid to carbon DIOXIDE and water. ... Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of GLUCOSE without oxygen. Because there is no oxygen, the pyruvic acid inside a cells cytoplasm converts into lactic acid, CO2, and water.

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Mountain GOATS can be seen SCALING ROCKY slopes

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The 3rd Generation PARTNERSHIP Project (3GPP) is collaboration between groups of telecommunications standards associations, known as the Organizational Partners


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Modification period (expressed in NUMBER of RADIO FRAMES) = modificationPeriodCoeff * defaultPagingCycle,

where (these parameters are signalled in BCCH-Config and PCCH-Config in SIB2)

- modificationPeriodCoeff can be configured to 2,4,8,or 16

- defaultPagingCycle can be configured to rf32, rf64, rf128, or rf256.

Therefore, the shortest POSSIBLE modification period is 2 * 32 = 64 radio frames = 640 ms, whereas the longest possible modification period is 16 * 256 = 4096 radio frames = 40,96 s.

Ref: 3GPP TS 36.331


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The EVOLUTION of LTE entails a whole new core network with a flat, all-IP based architecture. The SAE DEFINED by 3GPP has the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) as its main component and Mobility Management ENTITY (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW) and PDN Gateway (PGW) as the subcomponents. The introduction of this new architecture implies that telecom equipment manufacturers need to either undertake a MIGRATION of their current packet core platforms or develop a new evolved packet core ground up.


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Burns slowly and shrinks or curls AWAY from the flame. Will not stay lit after flame is REMOVED. Very LITTLE smoke is produced but it smells like burnt hair (wool) or FEATHERS (SILK). Ash is a gritty powder or a dark brittle, easily crushable bead.


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1)A UNIT of measurement is a definite magnitude of a QUANTITY, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same KIND of quantity. Any other quantity of that kind can be expressed as a multiple of the unit of measurement. For example, a length is a physical quantity


2)A standard unit of measurementprovides a reference point by which objects of weight, length, or capacity can be described. Althoughmeasurement is an important part of everyday life, kids don't automatically understand that there are many different ways to measure things


3)The SI BASE units and their physical quantities are the metre for measurement of length, the kilogramfor mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin for temperature, the candela for luminous intensity, and the mole for amount of substance.



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Before the discovery of subatomic particles, John Dalton came up with Dalton’s atomic theory where he suggested that atoms are indivisible particles. It explained atoms cannot be broken down into further SMALLER particles. However, the discovery of subatomic particles disapproved the postulates proposed in Dalton Atomic Theory.

The discovery of subatomic particles led to the search how the subatomic particles are arranged in an atom. J.J. Thomson was the first and one of the many scientists who proposed models for the structure of an atom. J.J. Thomson discovered negatively charged particles by cathode ray tube experiment in the year 1897.

The particles were named electrons. J.J Thomson believed electrons to be two thousand times LIGHTER than a proton. He assumed that an atom is composed of a cloud of negative charge in a SPHERE of positive charges. J.J Thomson and Rutherford first demonstrated the IONIZATION of air in X rays.

There is, however, a relationship between a planet's distance from the Sun and its PERIOD of REVOLUTION. Kepler's third law of PLANETARY MOTION SAYS that the square of the planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semimajor axis


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Both can make their own copies by division. The DIFFERENCES between mitochondria and plastids are as follows: Mitochondria HELPS in cellular respiration while plastids (chloroplast) helps in photosynthesis. ... Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic CELLS but plastids are found only in ALGAE and plant cells
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Now to calculate the NUMBER of neutrons in 12 X 10 raised to the power 25 atoms of oxygen, calculate the number of neutrons in 1 atom of oxygen. now multiply it with 6 x 10 raised to the power 23 to get the number of neutrons in one mole of oxygen. Now multiply it with 2 x 10 raised to the power 2 to get the answer.//////this is your answer i think it may help you

That's because by increasing the surface AREA the PRESSURE is DECREASED THUS they have broad straps.

Natural resources are those resources which exist WITHOUT any actions of HUMAN BEINGS like gravitional FORCE, magnetic force and etc.

The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO), located near Leh in Ladakh, India, has one of the world's highest SITES for optical, infrared and gamma-ray telescopes. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore. It is currently the third (SEE List of highest astronomical observatories) highest optical telescope in the world, SITUATED at an ELEVATION of 4,500 meters (14,764 ft).


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Asexual reproduction is a MODE of reproduction in which only one PARENT is involved to reproduce offspring. Binary fission, budding, FRAGMENTATION, ETC. are the examples of asexual reproduction.

IUPAC NAME: Prop-1-yne (or) Propyne

The prop term is due to the presence of 3 CARBONS in the C-chain.

The triple bond in it REPRESENTS this as an alkyne.

Here more priority should be given to the triple bond so it is given the lowest POSITION in the chain.

Thus the name is Prop-1-yne.

Sushrtra was the FIRST TEST TUBE BABY in INDIA.

C 180 TIMES the hydrogen ATOM is LESS than ELECTRON

MAKE it on FUTURE WORLD

No. of ELECTRONS = 10

No. of neutron = 14

Now, in a neutral atom ;

No. of NEUTRONS = 14

No. of electrons

= 10+3

= 13

No. of proton = No. of electrons = Atomic no

Atomic no. = 13

Atomic mass

= No. of PROTONS + no. of neutrons

= 13 + 14

= 27

Biodiversity is the biological VARIETY and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the EQUATOR, which is the result of the warm climate and HIGH primary productivity.

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by HUMAN habitation. ... Some of these hotspots support up to 15,000 endemic plant species and some have lost up to 95% of their NATURAL habitat.

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B.equal to is the ANSWER

In SELF POLLINATION cross-breeding cannot TAKE PLACE WHEREAS in cross-pollination it can take place.

He is know as MISSILE man of INDIA so FIRSTLY he MAKE missile

Answer :

The word energy is very often USED in our daily life, but in science we give it a definite and precise meaning.

An EXAMPLE is considered for better understanding :

When a FAST moving cricket ball hits a stationary wicket, the wicket is thrown away. SIMILARLY, an object when raised to a certain height gets the capability to do work.

So we can say that

AN OBJECT HAVING CAPABILITY TO DO WORK IS SAID TO POSSESS ENERGY.

=> S.I Unit of Energy --

Energy has the same unit as that of work, that is Joules ( j ).

FORMS OF ENERGY --

1. Kinetic Energy --

The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called Kinetic Energy.

Examples -

• Moving vehicle like CARS,buses,trucks etc.
• A moving bullet possesses kinetic energy, due to which, it can pierce even a human body.

Expression of Kinetic Energy =

where, m = mass, v = velocity.

2. Potential Energy --

Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object by virtue of its position or shape and size or change thereof.

Examples --

• A wound spring of a toy car or mechanical watch has potential energy due to change in its shape.
• The stretched rubber string has potential energy due to change in its shape and size.

Expression of Potential Energy = mgh
where m = mass, g = gravity and h = height

=> POTENTIAL ENERGY CONSISTS OF TWO TYPES -

* Gravitational Potential Energy
* Elastic Potential Energy.

We see many forms of Energy around us

For example
• A moving fan consist of Kinetic Energy.
• A person while cycling consist of Mechanical Energy.


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I THINK POWER......

M = 9 G
M = 18 g

no. of moles = m / M
= 9/18
= 1/2

N = N / Na
1/ 2 = N/ 6.022*10^ 23

N = 3.011 *10 ^ 23

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nichrome has a high melting POINT due to which it is not USED as a fuse wire ..
if it will be used then the current through circuit will FLOW and can damage our home APPLIANCES....

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Full FORM HIV in science defination = HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY virus.¤♡¤¤¤``☆`~

Mirrors are essential to every home. They help US in our daily mundane lives, though we rarely ever really appreciate their usefulness. From the moment we get up at night to the time we ready ourselves for sleep, we almost always SEEK for a mirror to take a look at ourselves. Mirrors reflect to us how we look, how CLOTHES fit us, and how things fit. People always love to know how things look on and with them. It gives us the chance to appreciate and be thankful. There is something to be said about how, after a day of straining our eyes, looking at everything else in the world, we know that we could always also look at ourselves with the help of a handy mirror. Everywhere you go, there are almost always mirrors present. There are clear mirrors that reflect perfectly the image of the thing or the person in front of them, and then there are also tinted mirrors that serve as either classy decors, or as a barrier for a BIT of privacy. Mirrors are part of our daily lives without us even CONSCIOUSLY recognizing them.

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