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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

101.

The process of data conversion along with formatting the data is called as ______(a) Formatting(b) Modulation(c) Source coding(d) AmplifyingI had been asked this question during an interview for a job.I would like to ask this question from Baseband Systems and Signal Transmission through Linear Systems topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right OPTION is (c) SOURCE coding

To explain: The process of CONVERTING source INFORMATION to a digital signal and also formatting it is called as source coding.

102.

Formatting is the process which includes(a) Pulse code modulation(b) Sampling(c) Quantization(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question in my homework.Enquiry is from Baseband Systems and Signal Transmission through Linear Systems topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

Easy explanation: Formatting is the process in which the source information is converted to digital SIGNALS using METHODS like sampling, pulse CODE MODULATION etc.

103.

The average power of white noise is(a) Zero(b) Unity(c) Infinity(d) Between zero and oneI got this question in an internship interview.Question is taken from Random Signals in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right CHOICE is (c) INFINITY

The explanation: The AVERAGE power of WHITE noise is infinity because its bandwidth is INFINITE.

104.

Standard deviation is ______(a) Rms value of dc(b) Rms value or ac(c) Either ac or dc(d) Neither dc nor acI got this question in unit test.This interesting question is from Random Signals in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT answer is (b) RMS value or ac

Explanation: The standard DEVIATION of a random VARIABLE GIVES the rms value of an ac component.
105.

The autocorrelation function is maximum at(a) Origin(b) Infinity(c) Origin & Infinity(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question during an online interview.My enquiry is from Random Signals topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT OPTION is (a) Origin

The explanation: On substituting different values in the formula for autocorrelation function it wil be MAXIMUM at the origin.

106.

A random process is called as stationary in strict sense if(a) Its statistics vary with shift in time origin(b) Its statistics does not vary with shift in time origin(c) Its autocorrelation vary with shift in time(d) Its autocorrelation does not vary with shift in timeI have been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.This interesting question is from Random Signals in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct choice is (a) Its STATISTICS vary with shift in time origin

For explanation I WOULD SAY: A random PROCESS is defined to be stationary in a strict sense if its statistics varies with a shift in time origin.

107.

For a stationary process, autocorrelation function depends on(a) Time(b) Time difference(c) Does not depend on time(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during an online exam.This question is from Random Signals topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right choice is (B) TIME DIFFERENCE

Easy EXPLANATION: Autocorrelation function depends on the time difference between t1 and t2.

108.

Random process is a function of ______(a) Random event and time(b) Random event and frequency(c) Random event and real number(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me during an online exam.My query is from Random Signals topic in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right choice is (a) Random event and time

Easiest explanation: Random process is a FUNCTION of two VARIABLES: a random event and its time of OCCURRENCE.

109.

Which gives the measure of randomness of the random variable?(a) Mean(b) Variance(c) Standard variance(d) PdfI got this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.This intriguing question comes from Random Signals in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right ANSWER is (B) VARIANCE

The explanation: Variance gives the randomness of the RANDOM variable. It is the DIFFERENCE between the mean square value and square of the mean.

110.

The value of the probability density function of random variable is(a) Positive function(b) Negative function(c) Zero(d) OneThe question was posed to me in quiz.Question is from Random Signals in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) Positive function

To elaborate: The probability density function is ALWAYS GREATER than 0. It is a non negative function with the area of 1.
111.

The distribution function of -(infinity) and (infinity) is _____(a) 0 and 1(b) 1 and 0(c) Both 0(d) Both 1The question was asked in examination.My doubt stems from Random Signals topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT option is (a) 0 and 1

Easy EXPLANATION: F(minus infinity) is 0 and F(infinity) is 1.
112.

Autocorrelation function of white noise will have?(a) Strong peak(b) Infinite peak(c) Weak peak(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an international level competition.My question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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113.

The distribution function of random variable is(a) P(X less than or equal to x)(b) P(X greater than or equal to x)(c) P(X less than x)(d) P(X greater than x)I got this question in an international level competition.I'd like to ask this question from Random Signals in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct option is (a) P(X less than or equal to x)

Easiest EXPLANATION: The distribution function of a random variable is the probability that the value taken by the random variable is less than or equal to the REAL NUMBER x.

114.

Random variables give relationship between _____(a) Two random events(b) Probability of occurence of two random events(c) Random event and a real number(d) Random event and its probability of occurrenceThe question was asked by my college director while I was bunking the class.I'd like to ask this question from Random Signals in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct ANSWER is (C) Random event and a real number

Explanation: A random variable GIVES a functional RELATIONSHIP between a random event and a real number.

115.

Autocorrelation is a _______ function.(a) Real and even(b) Real and odd(c) Complex and even(d) Complex and oddThis question was posed to me in an interview.This intriguing question comes from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right option is (a) Real and even

To explain I would say: ACCORDING to properties of AUTOCORRELATION function it a even function when the FREQUENCY VALUE f is real.

116.

Autocorrelation function of periodic signal is equal to _______(a) Energy of the signal(b) Power of the signal(c) Its area in frequency domain(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in final exam.The above asked question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct option is (b) POWER of the signal

To ELABORATE: AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION of a real valued signal is EQUAL to the energy of the signal and auto-correlation function of the periodic signal is equal to the average power of the signal.

117.

Autocorrelation is maximum at _______(a) Unity(b) Origin(c) Infinite point(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in examination.Question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct choice is (b) ORIGIN

Explanation: ACCORDING to its PROPERTIES AUTOCORRELATION is maximum at origin.

118.

Autocorrelation is a function which matches(a) Two same signals(b) Two different signal(c) One signal with its delayed version(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in class test.Asked question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct answer is (C) One signal with its delayed VERSION

Explanation: Autocorrelation is a function that MATCHES a signal with its delayed version.

119.

Autocorrelation is a function of(a) Time(b) Frequency(c) Time difference(d) Frequency differenceI got this question during an online exam.Asked question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT option is (c) TIME difference

To EXPLAIN: AUTOCORRELATION is a function of time difference as it matches the signal with its delayed VERSION.

120.

Spectogram is the graph plotted against?(a) Frequency domain(b) Time domain(c) Frequency & Time domain(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an interview for job.My question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct option is (B) TIME DOMAIN

The best explanation: Spectral density FUNCTION is plotted against FREQUENCY domain and spectogram is a graph which is plotted against time domain.

121.

According to Parseval’s theorem the energy spectral density curve is equal to?(a) Area under magnitude of the signal(b) Area under square of the magnitude of the signal(c) Area under square root of magnitude of the signal(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during an online exam.I would like to ask this question from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (b) Area under SQUARE of the magnitude of the signal

Best explanation: According to Parseval/s theorem the ENERGY spectral DENSITY function can be given as equal to the square of the magnitude of the signal X(t).

122.

What is Wiener-Khinchin theorem?(a) Spectral density and auto-covariance makes a fourier transform pair(b) Spectral density and auto-correlatioon makes a fourier tranform pair(c) Spectral density and variance makes a fourier tranform pair(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in quiz.I want to ask this question from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct option is (b) Spectral density and auto-correlatioon makes a FOURIER TRANFORM pair

The EXPLANATION: According to the theorem spectral density of a signal X(t) and auto correlation function makes a fourier tranform pair.

123.

How can power spectral density of non periodic signal be calculated?(a) By integrating(b) By truncating(c) By converting to periodic(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during an interview for a job.I would like to ask this question from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT choice is (b) By truncating

For explanation I would say: A power signal usually is a periodic signal. But power spectral density of NON periodic signal can be CALCULATED by truncating it and OBSERVING it in the range of (-T/2,T/2).

124.

Power spectrum describes distribution of _________ under frequency domain.(a) Mean(b) Variance(c) Gaussian(d) None of the mentionedI got this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.I'd like to ask this question from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (b) Variance

The best explanation: Power SPECTRUM gives the distribution of variance of a signal in the frequency domain, SAMPLED into SPECTRAL components.
125.

Power spectral density function is a?(a) Real and even function(b) Non negative function(c) Periodic(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question in an online interview.Enquiry is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: A power signal is periodic signal and its FUNCTION is a REAL EVEN and non negative function as PER the definition.

126.

A unit impulse function has?(a) Large amplitude(b) Zero pulse width(c) Unity weight(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me during an interview.This key question is from Classification of Signals in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT option is (d) All of the mentioned

To EXPLAIN: An IMPULSE function has INFINITE or large amplitude, zero pulse WIDTH and unity weight which is concentrated at zero.
127.

Energy spectral density defines(a) Signal energy per unit area(b) Signal energy per unit bandwidth(c) Signal power per unit area(d) Signal power per unit bandwidthI have been asked this question during an online exam.This question is from Spectral Density and Autocorrelation in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct answer is (b) Signal ENERGY per unit bandwidth

The explanation is: Energy SPECTRAL density gives the signal energy equal to the AREA under the waveform energy spectral density versus frequency curve.

128.

Discrete impulse signal is a power or energy signal?(a) Power signal(b) Energy signal(c) Bothpower and energy signal(d) Neither power or energy signalI had been asked this question during an interview for a job.This intriguing question originated from Classification of Signals topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right ANSWER is (B) Energy signal

To explain I would say: On calculating USING energy formula we will get the energy of this signal as 1 which is a finite value. THUS it is a energy signal.

129.

Continuous Impulse signal is a power or energy signal?(a) Power signal(b) Energy signal(c) Both power and energy(d) Neither power nor energy signalI have been asked this question in a national level competition.The origin of the question is Classification of Signals topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (d) Neither power nor energy signal

Best explanation: On calculating using the power and energy CALCULATION FORMULA we will arrive at it is neither power nor energy signal.
130.

Which signal is said to be power signal?(a) Infinite power and zero energy(b) Infinite power and non-zero energy(c) Finite power and infinite energy(d) Finite power and zero energyThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.This key question is from Classification of Signals in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct CHOICE is (C) FINITE power and INFINITE energy

Explanation: A signal is said to be power signal if it has finite power and infinite energy.

131.

Which signal is called as energy signal?(a) Finite energy and zero power(b) Finite energy and non-zero power(c) Infinite energy and zero power(d) Infinite energy and non-zero powerThe question was asked in a job interview.My doubt stems from Classification of Signals topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Finite ENERGY and zero POWER

Best explanation: A signal is SAID to be an energy signal if it has finite energy and zero average power.
132.

Find the fundamental period of 1+sin^2 (3π/5)n.(a) 10/3(b) 5(c) 3π/5(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.The doubt is from Classification of Signals topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT option is (b) 5

The BEST I can explain: sin^2(3π/5)N = (1-cos(6π/5)n)/2 = 1/2-1/2cos(6π/5)n ; period = 6π/(5*2π) = k/N = 3/5 ; N=5.
133.

Find the periodicity of the following signal. x(t)=cos((2π/7)t)sin((3π/5)t)(a) 30(b) 7(c) 35(d) 5/3I got this question during an online interview.My doubt is from Classification of Signals in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct OPTION is (C) 35

The BEST I can explain: T1=2π/2π/7 = 7, T2=2π/3π/5=5/3, T1/T2=5/21, T=21T1 or 5T2, T=35.

134.

Which of the given signals are periodic?(a) x(t) = 4 cos(5πt)(b) x(t) = u(t) – 1/2(c) x(t) = 4u(t) + 2sin(3t)(d) x[n] = 2sin(3n)I have been asked this question in a job interview.My doubt stems from Classification of Signals in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct CHOICE is (a) x(t) = 4 COS(5πt)

The EXPLANATION: T=2π / 5π = 2/5, periodic with PERIOD 2/5.

135.

What is the period of a signal x(t)?(a) T(b) 2T(c) T/2(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.I'd like to ask this question from Classification of Signals in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right choice is (a) T

The best I can EXPLAIN: A signal is said to be periodic if the DURATION of ONE COMPLETE CYCLE is T and it repeats itself after this duration.

136.

Which measurement considers phase as an important parameter?(a) Coherent(b) Non-coherent(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during an online exam.Origin of the question is Digital Communication Signal Processing in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct ANSWER is (a) Coherent

Easiest explanation: Coherent measurement considers PHASE as an important PARAMETER.

137.

The size of the alphabet M in symbol is calculated as?(a) 2^(k+1)(b) 2^k(c) 2^(k-1)(d) 1+2^kI got this question in quiz.My doubt stems from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right CHOICE is (b) 2^k

To explain I would say: The size of the ALPHABET is calculated using 2^k where k is the number of bits in the symbol.

138.

Source coding block is used for?(a) Compressing(b) Digitizing(c) A/D conversion(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked during an internship interview.The doubt is from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

The EXPLANATION is: Source ENCODING does all these processes-compression, DIGITIZING the signal and performs analog to DIGITAL CONVERSION.

139.

Equalizer is used for?(a) Filtering(b) Diminish distortion(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in an interview for job.I'd like to ask this question from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT choice is (C) All of the mentioned

Explanation: EQUALIZER is used as a filtering OPTION and also diminishes or reduces the distortion.

140.

Pulse shaping is done by which block or system?(a) Encoder(b) Baseband modulator(c) Pulse code modulator(d) DemodulatorI have been asked this question during an online interview.The query is from Digital Communication Signal Processing in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right choice is (c) Pulse CODE MODULATOR

For explanation I would SAY: Pulse code modulator does filtering process to build pulses that occupy more than one bit time.

141.

What is the code rate?(a) k/n(b) n/k(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in my homework.The above asked question is from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT choice is (a) k/n

To ELABORATE: Here n is the total BITS of sequence and k bits are mapped. AMOUNT of redundancy INTRODUCED is given by n/k and its reciprocal is the code rate.
142.

Which block or device does the data compression?(a) Channel encoder(b) Source encoder(c) Modulator(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question during an interview.The above asked question is from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in section Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct choice is (b) Source encoder

To EXPLAIN I would say: Source encoder converts the DIGITAL or ANALOG signal to a sequence of binary digits. This PROCESS is called as source encoding or COMPRESSION.

143.

What is the ASCII value of space?(a) 32(b) 48(c) 96(d) 65This question was addressed to me in an interview for job.This key question is from Digital Communication Signal Processing in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct answer is (a) 32

Easiest EXPLANATION: The ASCII VALUE of SPACE is 32 and ASCII value of 0 is 48.

144.

Which circuit is called as regenerative repeaters?(a) Analog circuits(b) Digital circuits(c) Amplifiers(d) A/D convertersThis question was addressed to me at a job interview.My enquiry is from Digital Communication Signal Processing in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Correct answer is (B) DIGITAL CIRCUITS

Explanation: The main advantage of digital communication is that the SIGNALS can be reproduced easily. Thus digital circuits are called as regenerative repeaters.

145.

How many bytes does a gigabyte have?(a) 1 million bytes(b) 10 million bytes(c) 1 billion bytes(d) 10 billion bytesThe question was posed to me in final exam.Enquiry is from Digital Communication Signal Processing topic in division Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right ANSWER is (c) 1 BILLION BYTES

The BEST explanation: One gigabyte has 1 billion bytes.

146.

How many different combinations can be made from a n bit value?(a) 2^(n+1)(b) 2^(n)(c) 2^(n)+1(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in examination.Query is from Digital Communication Signal Processing in chapter Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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Right option is (B) 2^(n)

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: 2^(n) different combinations can be made from n bit VALUE. For EXAMPLE, from 2 bit value 2^2 different combinations-00,01,10,11 can be made.

147.

What are the advantages of digital circuits?(a) Less noise(b) Less interference(c) More flexible(d) All of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an international level competition.I'm obligated to ask this question of Digital Communication Signal Processing in portion Signals and Spectra of Digital Communications

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