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The most powerful kingdom of South India is the Chola dynasty, and one of the most powerful rulers of the Chola dynasty was the Raja Raja Chola who ruled the South India 984 to the 1014 CE.

The diversity of flora and fauna provides richness to country’s natural heritage. They are essential for the survival of human being and to maintain ecological balance.Due to excessive exploitation of the plants and animal resources by human being some of them are on the verge of extinction and some are already extinct.To stop the indiscriminate destruction of natural ecosystem and to protect the natural heritage, government has taken following steps(i)14 biosphere reserves have been set-up in the country to protect flora and fauna. Four out of these, the Sunderbans in the West Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu, the Nilgiris (Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.(ii)Financial and technical assistance is provided to many botanical gardens by the government since 1992.(iii)Many other eco-developmental projects have been introduced such as Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard, etc.(iv)89 national parks, 490 wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens are set-up to take care of Natural heritage.

Election CommissioninIndia is very powerfulso that it is able to perform its functions in a proper manner and efficiently. Yes, this is good for democracy. Because only apowerfuland independentElection Commissioncan ensure free and fairelectionsby preventing malpractices and unfair means in theelections.

Ans :- HistoryHelps Us Understand Change and How the Society We Live in Came to Be The second reasonhistoryis inescapable as a subject of seriousstudyfollows closely on the first. The past causes the present, and so the future.

(1)An independent and powerful body which conducts election in our society is known as Election Commission. This body enjoys the same kind of independence as the judiciary enjoys.(2) Election Commission takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control up elections from the announcement of elections to the declaration of results.(3) It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.

election commission takes decision on every aspects of conduct and control up elections from the announcement of elections to the declaration of results.

) It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.(4) During the election period the EC can order the order of the government to follow some guidelines, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to some government officials.(5) When on election duty, government officers work under the control of Election Commission and not under the government.

Importance of human rights:-

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which everyone is entitled. Human rights are important because they respect the inherent dignity in human life. A strong human rights system to the health of our communities, our families and our workplaces by supporting a society that values belonging and security for all.

Human Rights Day is celebrated every year on 10th December. This day is celebrated internationally to honor 10th Dec 1948, when the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Palais de Challoit, Paris after the experience of the Second World War. This was one of the first major achievements of the United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights is also one of the worlds most translated document into more that 360 language versions.

Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the common people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III(Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India.

It is important toprotect and supportthe workers in theunorganised sectoras workers are exploited in thissector.

It is because inunorganised sectors, the government's rules and regulations regarding the conditions of employment are not followed.

Often jobs are low paid and irregular.

1)Tertiary sectors composes almost 50% of Indian economy.2)this sector accounts for most of the national & PCI.3) it creates huge employment even for the uneducated and unskilled workers.4) it is responsible to distribute its services and goods to different consumers.5) the need for tertiary is increasing as there is more need of services like financial institutions, educational institutions etc. in economy.

The maincause ofthe secondMaratha war due to the defeat of the peshwa Baji Rao II by the Holkars, one of the prominentMarathaclans, as a result of which he accepted British protection by signing the Treaty of Bassein in December 1802. As a result, the secondAnglo-Maratha warbroke out in Central India in 1803.

Abiofertilizer(alsobio-fertilizer) is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.

a)at Heligoland

the lad had wanted to be a (doctor(b) sportsman (c) sailor.

Biologicaldiversity” means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine andotheraquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includesdiversitywithin species, between species and of ecosystems.Biodiversityincludesthree maintypes:diversitywithin species (geneticdiversity), between species (speciesdiversity) and between ecosystems (ecosystemdiversity).

Neeraj Chopra is an Indian track and field athlete competing in the javelin throw.

If it's a democratic country so1)Rights are very essential part for the very sustenance of a democracy. Without rights, democracy will become meaningless and ineffective.

2)For democratic elections, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to express their opinions, form political parties and take part in political activities.Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. 3)They ensure the majority cannot do whatever it likes.The government is expected to protect citizen’s rights. But sometimes elected government may not protect or may even attack the rights of their own citizens. So, some rights need to be placed higher than the government so that it cannot violate them.

Rights are very essential part for the very sustenance of a democracy. Without rights, democracy will become meaningless and ineffective.For democratic elections, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to express their opinions, form political parties and take part in political activities.Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. They ensure the majority cannot do whatever it likes.The government is expected to protect citizen’s rights. But sometimes elected government may not protect or may even attack the rights of their own citizens. So, some rights need to be placed higher than the government so that it cannot violate them.

Revolutionaryvictory: Abdication of Nicholas II Formation of the Republic Establishment of dual power between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet

Ans :- InRussia, theFebruary Revolution(known as such because ofRussia's use of the Julian calendar) beginson this day in1917, when riots and strikesoverthe scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). By 1917, mostRussianshad lost faith in the leadership ability of the czarist regime.

The three events leading to February revolution of 1917 in Russia :-

• Weaknesses of Russia

=> the economy was still dependent on the age old farm economy.

=> Poor working conditions and poverty spread everywhere.

• First world war

=> People now lost all faith in the Government and in the army.

=> Most soldiers were actually farmers. There withdrawal from the farms caused acute food shortages in the country.

• The autocratic rule of Tsar

=> Both the Tsar and the Tsarina were unable to drive the country out of the crisis and thus the country seemed to lose all hopes in the Government.

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Rights are very essential part for the very sustenance of a democracy. Without rights, democracy will become meaningless and ineffective.For democratic elections, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to express their opinions, form political parties and take part in political activities.Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. They ensure the majority cannot do whatever it likes.The government is expected to protect citizen’s rights. But sometimes elected government may not protect or may even attack the rights of their own citizens. So, some rights need to be placed higher than the government so that it cannot violate them.

Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy.

In a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to the government.

For democratic elections, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.

Rights protect the minorities from the oppression of the majority.

Rights are a guarantee which can be used when things go wrong. Things may go wrong when some citizens may wish to take away the rights of others.So, rights perform a very special role in democracy.

सामान्य स्वीकृत के अनुसार परिभाषाएं

इस वर्ग की परिभाषाएं मुद्रा के सर्वग्राहयता के गुण पर बल देती है।

प्रो माशर्ल -’’मुद्रा के अन्तर्गत ये समस्त वस्तएुं सम्मिलित की जाती है जो किसी समय अथवा किसी स्थान में बिना सदेंह या विशेष जांच पडत़ाल के वस्तुओं तथा सेवाओं के खरीदने और खर्च चुकाने के साथ के रूप में सामान्य प्रचलित रहती है।’’

प्रो.कीन्स-’’मुद्रावह वस्तु है जिसके द्वारा ऋण संविदा एवं मूल्य संविदा का भुगतान किया जाता है एवं जिसके रूप में सामान्य किया जाता है।

प्रो पीगु-’’वह वस्तु जिसको विस्तृत क्षत्रे में विनिमय माध्यम के रूप में सामान्य स्वीकृत प्राप्त हो और अधिकाशं लागे उसे वस्तुओं की सेवाओं के भुगतान के रूप में स्वीकार करने के लिए तैयार है उसे मुद्रा कहते है।

रार्बटसन-’’मुद्रा वह वस्तु है जिसे विस्तृत क्षत्रे में दायित्वों के भुगतान के रूप में स्वीकार किया जाता है।’’

सेलिगमैन-’’मुद्रा वह वस्तु है जिसे सामान्य स्वीकृत प्राप्त है।’’

किसी देश की मुद्रा उस देश के व्यक्तित्व को निखारती है जिस देश की मुद्रा अधिक होगी वह देश विश्व में एक उच्चतम तथा सर्वोच्च स्थान पर स्थित होगा वर्तमान में अमेरिका का डॉलर सबसे मजबूत हो क्या पाया जाता है मुद्रा किसी भी हो सकती है मुद्रा से किसी भी देश का आर्थिक संकट दूर हो सकता है आज देश में मुद्रा विनिमय की बहुत सारी टेक्निक्स है जो हमारे देश को मजबूत कर रही है

Because East India company was a private limited company and main aim of private limited company is to make money. Also to make there army better and stronger and to make them have best weapons like gun.

All the workers’ quarters and factories were located on the right bank of the river Neva. On the left bank were the fashionable areas, the Winter Palace, official buildings and the palace where Duma met. In February 1917, there was severe food shortage in workers’ quarters. On 22 February, a lockout took place at a factory leading to a strike by the workers. In other factories also, workers went on strikes and women led the way to the strikes. This came to be called, ‘The International Women’s Day’. The workers ultimately crossed the river and surrounded the official buildings in protest. The government imposed a curfew and called out the cavalry and police to keep a check on them.

The Revolution started with the States-General convention in Versailles on May 5, 1789. While the three Estates were supposed to discuss and vote on taxes, they ended up debating about their own structure, the Third Estate demanding double representation. The Third Estate eventually separated itself from the First and Second Estates, forming the National Assembly. The King Louis XVI disagreed and shut down the Salle des États where the Assembly met. The Assembly moved to the Salle du Jeu de Paume were they proceeded to swear the Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789), under which they agreed not to separate until they had given France a constitution. The King pretended to accept the situation, but in the same time brought 20,000 soldiers to Paris. The people in Paris started being very agitated, worried by the price of commodities and the political situation. The King fired all of his ministers, in particular Necker who was his financial advisor (and a strong supporter of the National Assembly). That is what led the people to start protesting in the streets. When they realized how many soldiers the King had brought, they started fires in the city, the anger in the streets reached its maximum, and on July 14, the people stormed the Bastille.

The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II

Third Maratha War(1817-18): The two maincausesthat led to thethirdand the final conflict between the British and theMarathas were(1) the growing desire of theMarathasto get back their lost territories and (2) excessive control overMarathanobles and chiefs by the British.

Third Maratha War(1817-18): The two maincausesthat led to thethirdand the final conflict between the British and theMarathas were(1) the growing desire of theMarathasto get back their lost territories and (2) excessive control overMarathanobles and chiefs by the British

Yes. The history would have been totally different. The East India Company could not expand its control and would have needed to follow what the mughal emperor ordered. The marathas had a chance of becoming the supreme power in india but they also signed the treaty (subsidiary Alliance) with the Company.

The period occurred between 1947, the year of the Truman Doctrine, and 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed

Causesof theCold War. The Soviet Union wanted to spread its ideology of communism worldwide, which alarmed the Americans who followed democracy. The acquisition of atomic weapons by America caused fear in the Soviets. Both countries feared an attack from each other.

This was a war that had been called the first television war, as battle scenes were shown on the daily news programmes.

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William Jones hada deep respect for ancient cultures, bothIndianand Western. He thought it important to discover the sacred texts in order to understandIndia. He was of the view that a newstudyof these texts could form the basis of future development inIndia.

TheVedasare the four holiest books of theHindureligion. Literal meaning of the word Veda is "Knowledge" or Gyan.four Vedas are:

theRigveda

theYajurveda

theSamaveda

theAtharvaveda

the rigveda the yajurvedatha samavedathe atharvaveda

tropical evergreen forestin India the tropical evergreen forests are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of Assam, parts of Odisha, along the Western Ghats (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala)tropical deciduous forestin India the tropical deciduous forests are found in Jharkhand, West Odisha and Chhattisgarh.some of them are also found on the eastern slope of Western Ghats.

tropical evergreen forest located mostly in Assam and West Bengal and tropical deciduous forests are ecourts mainly on part of Peninsular plateau and the plane of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh

(a) Medicine to treat Cancer. as because the others are already present on the earth and are natural resources.

Option a is the correct answer as it is prepared by humans in labrotory.

A protected area reserved for the conservation of endangered species of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in their natural habitat.

The Sunderbans in the West Bengal and Nanda Devi in Uttaranchal are the two examples. (i) In a biosphere reserve, endangered species of animals and plants are protected.

The tropical vegetation consists of spiny forests.

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Ans :- The twotypes of tropical deciduousthe forestisTemperate deciduous forestand tropical deciduous forest. These are found in heavy rainfall area.

Rights are essential in a democracy beacuse of following reason :•Rights are nessecary for the very sustainable of a democracy.•In a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government.•Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority.•In order to check misuse of power, some rights need to be placed higher than the government cannot violate the rights of the citizen.•Rights are very important as they assure security, dignity, and some fair play to everyone.

Theserightsare regarded asfundamentalbecause they are most essential for the attainment by the individual of his full intellectual, moral and spiritual status.

The object the inclusion of them in the constitution is to establish a government of law and not of man

Because they provide the citizens of a country with human dignity and development of personality of every individual. They guarantee civil liberties in order to sustain peace and harmony among the citizens of a nation

Generally civil rights movement is the movement to attain civil rights which are denied on the basic of discrimination.

The civil rights movement in the United States was a decades-long movement with the goal of enforcing constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already enjoyed.

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RIGHTS ARE THOSE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE PEOPLE WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE ESTABLISHED IN A DEMOCRACY. RIGHTS ARE MADE ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE. RIGHTS ARE ACTUALLY MADE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF PEOPLE. BUT SOMETIMES SOME PEOPLE ALSO DON'T WHAT RIGHTS.

RIGHTS ARE ESTABLISHED IN DEMOCRACY FOR DIFFERENT REASONS. ONE OF THE REASON CAN BE -IF THERE IS RIGHT TO LIFE,THEN NO PERSON IS ALLOWED TO KILL ANY ONE ,ACCORDING TO LAWBUT NOW A DAYS MANY PEOPLE KILL OTHERS FOR SOME REASON AND BREAK THE LAW AS THEY DON'T HAVE FEAR IN THEIR MIND OF ANYTHING.THEY BREAK THE CONSTITUTIONAL RULE,RIGHTS OF PEOPLE FOR DIFFERENT REASONS.BUT THE RATIO OF KILLING PEOPLE WITHOUT THE RIGHTS IS MORE THAN THE RATIO OF KILLING PEOPLE HAVING RIGHTS.SO WE CAN SAY THAT RIGHTS ARE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF US ONLY.IF A PERSON KNOWS HIS/HER RIGHTS THEN HE OR SHE CAN OBJECT ANYONE,IF THE OTHER IS DOING WRONG.IN AUTOCRACY,THERE IS NO RIGHT SO PEOPLE ARE NOT BOUND WITH THE LAW AND RULE.AND THEY DO WHAT THEY WANT.YAA LATER MAY THE GUILTY IS PUNISHED BY THE THE RULER.BUT IN DEMOCRACY IF WE HAVE RIGHTS.,THEN BEFORE DOING ANY THING WRONG WE THINK ABOUT THE LAW AND RULES. RIGHT TO EDUCATION TELLS US THAT EVERY PERSON MUST GET HIS EDUCATION. THUS,RIGHTS ARE MADE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF PEOPLE.

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.