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Thecivil rights movementwas a mass popularmovementto secure for African Americans equal access to and opportunities for the basic privileges andrightsof U.S. citizenship. ... Thecivil rights movementwas largest socialmovementof the 20th century in theUnited States

Martin Luther King started the civil rights movement in USA

Rosa Parks sparks Civil Rights Movement. On this day in 1955, Rosa Parks, an African-American, was arrested and charged with violating a Montgomery, Ala., ordinance that required her to relinquish her bus seat to a white passenger. Her act of defiance sparked a yearlongbus boycottin the segregated city.

5. There incident was that Rosa Parks was coming home from a tired day in a bus. Then a white man asked her to leave the seat because he wanted to sit there. But Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat. This movement led to the Civil rights movement

The Indian national movement had a legacy of political and economic protest. This in turn became a legacy for the Independent India.

In the latter half of the 19th century, the nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, M.G. Ranade and R.C. Dutt gave a critique of the colonial exploitation.

Initially the Congress was concerned with the problems of the elite like representation of Indians to the senior government services and legislative bodies. But with the appearance of M.K. Gandhi on the political scenario, it took up the cause of the ordinary people - the peasantry and workers.

Some concepts and ideas which evolved during the Indian national movement became the legacy for the policy initiatives in the post-independence India. These were mainly Swaraj, political and economic rights, socialism, planning and consensus.

1.The second half of the 19th century witnessed the full flowering of national political consciousness and the growth of an organised national movement in India.

The year 1885 marks the beginning of a new epoch in Indian History. Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 by seventy-two political workers. It was the first organised expression of Indian Nationalism on an all-India scale.

The rise and growth of nationalism in India has been traditionally explained in terms of Indian response to the stimulus generated by the British Raj through the creation of new institutions, new opportunities, etc.

2.Moderates were the early nationalists, with moderate views. They had fair moderate demands, some of which are listed below:

1. Constitutional Reforms: They wanted the Legislative Council to be expanded.

They wanted more Indians to be recruited in all government jobs.

They wanted the ICS examination to be held in India and England simultaneously.

They wanted the complete separation of the Judiciary from the Executive.

2. Economic reforms: They urged for the reduction of land revenue.

They gave petitions to the government so that loans may be given to farmers for agricultural benefit.

They wanted yo reduce the money to be spent on defense, so that it could be utilized in education and health.

3. Administrative reforms: They wanted to reduce the official control over the local bodies like municipalities and an increase in the power of municipalities to solve fairly big cases.

However, the moderates never held arms against the British. They had immense faith In British sense of justice and fair play.

The Nationalist Movements in India were organized as mass movements emphasizing and raising questions concerning the interests of the people of India. In most of these movements, people were themselves encouraged to take action. Due to several factors, these movements failed to win independence for India.

Bengal was the first state to observe aggressive form of National Movement.

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With the failure of the Cripps Mission, there was widespread discontentment among the Indians. Japan was advancing towards India and the fall of India to Japan was imminent. Gandhiji warned that only a free India could defend herself and he urged for the right of self-determination to Indians.

But there was also a difference of opinion among the Indian leaders. While Gandhiji demanded that the British should immediately withdraw from India, Subhash Chandra Bose from Berlin urged for co-operation with Japan as with this means India would be liberated.

August 1942, Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement (“Bharat Chhodo Andolan”). A resolution was passed on 8 August 1942 in Bombay by the All India Congress Committee, declaring its demand for an immediate end of British rule. The Congress decided to organize a mass struggle on non-violent lines on the widest possible scale. Gandhiji’s slogan of ‘Do or Die’ (‘Karo ya Maro’) inspired the nation. Every man, women and child began dreaming of a free India.

The government’s response to the movement was quick. The Congress was banned and most of its leaders were arrested before they could start mobilizing the people. The people, however, were unstoppable. There were hartals and demonstrations all over the country. The people attacked all symbols of the British government such as railway stations, law courts and police stations. Railway lines were damaged and telegraph lines were cut. In some places, people even set up their independent government. The movement was most widespread in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Bombay, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Places such as Ballia, Tamluk, Satara, Dharwar, Balasore and Talcher were freed from British rule and the people there formed their own governments.

The British responded with terrible brutality. The army was called out to assist the police. There were lathi-charges and firing at the unarmed demonstrators. Even old men and children were shot dead while taking part in processions. Protestors were arrested and tortured and their homes raided and destroyed. By December 1942, over sixty thousand people had been jailed.

The few leaders who had escaped arrest went into hiding and tried to guide the mass movement. Among them were Jai Prakash Narayan, S M Joshi, Aruna Asaf Ali, Ram Manohar Lohis, Achyut Patwardhan and Smt Sucheta Kripalani.

The Indians suffered greatly throughout the Second World War. There was a terrible famine in Bengal in AD 1943 in which over thirty lakh people died. The government did little to save the starving people.

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Ans :- Quit India Movement became popular because itwasthe first major movementby Indians in an attempt to get the British out of their country.

The movement wasled by Mahatma Gandhi along with many other leaders of that time. When the leaderswere arrested, therewastotal unrest in the country.

Quit India Movement becamepopular because1) it was the first major movement by Indians in an attempt to getthe British out of their country. The movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi alongwith many other leaders of that time. When the leaders were arrested, there wastotal unrest in the country. 2)Indians retorted to many forms of non-violentdemonstrations and disorderliness in the following days.

One of the biggest achievements of Quit India Movement is that it brought about a sense of unity among Indians from all over the country. This was lacking earlier.

Ans :- Britishers were forced to leave India. Many people will say that Gandhiji's mass movements triggered it, some will say world war 2 triggered it but the actual reason was something else.

Gandhiji's movements definitely brought people together and that was needed to unite everyone for forming a free nation. But the movements didn't force britishers to leave India. Quit India movement was launched in 1942 and was not actually a success and India gained independence in 1947. So, the non violent movements were not actually the cause of Independence but were the cause of the unity of Indians.

And about world war 2, yes it had an effect on the Indian independence but not a direct one. It was not that british economy was severely damaged and so they were forced to leave India. Same thing happened during the first world war and britishers, instead of leaving India, increased their cruelty by forcefully taking increased taxes and many other things.

On August 8, 1942 theQuit India Resolution waspassedat the Bombaysessionof the AllIndia CongressCommittee (AICC).

Ans :- Unpublishedrefers to any informationsourcethat is not officially released by an individual, publishing house, or other company, and can include both paper and electronicsources.

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The First World War Forced recruitment of soldiers bred resentment in villages.

The First World War created a new economic and political situation by leading to huge expenditures in defence which were to be financed by increasing taxes and raising custom duties.

Crop failures and spread of influenza epidemic led to widespread hardships.

Muslims were disenchanted with the treatment meted out to Ottoman Empire by the imperial powers. This led to a groundswell of support for non-cooperation.

The business classes reacted against policies that restricted their business.

a) The growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement in India, just like in any other country.

In the process of their struggle with colonialism people began discovering their unity.

Anti-colonial movement gave a strong issue to the people with which they could identify and could come on a common platform.

All though each class or group of people felt that they were being oppressed under colonialism, the effects of colonialism were felt differently.

Hence, the growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

b) The First World War Forced recruitment of soldiers bred resentment in villages.

The First World War created a new economic and political situation by leading to huge expenditures in defence which were to be financed by increasing taxes and raising custom duties.

Crop failures and spread of influenza epidemic led to widespread hardships.

Muslims were disenchanted with the treatment meted out to Ottoman Empire by the imperial powers. This led to a groundswell of support for non-cooperation.

The business classes reacted against policies that restricted their business.

c) Indians were out raged by rowlatt act because: 1:this law stated that that the govt can arrest the political leaders without any trail for 2years 2:political leaders were taken from Amritsar 3:Gandhi was not allowed to enter Delhi 4:martial law was imposed .

d)Due to :1)chauri, chauri incident,people turned violence.2)The people of India were not ready for the nation wide movement of mass struggle.3) majority of the Indian national Congress felt that the Non -Cooperative movement is un necessary and tiresome.

Set up with contending ideas by Taroknath Palit under patronage of Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandy, Bhupendra Nath Bose, Nilratan Sircar

Rights - Pakistan’s constitution recognises the right to privacy.This was recently declared a fundamental right by the Supreme Court in India.

Pakistan constitution also recognises the right to education for children from ages 5 to 16.

In India, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 guarantees education to children between ages 6 and 14.

Pakistan’s constitution guarantees the right to information and declares human dignity as inviolable.India passed The Right to Information Act in 2005, in this regard.

Freedom - Unlike the Indian constitution, Pakistan's specifically mentions the freedom of the press.But this freedom is subject to the “glory of Islam”.

Pakistan has a regressive and widely abused blasphemy law that carries mandatory death penalty.

Also, its freedom of religion is conditional, and unlike in India, available only to citizens.

pakistan is in asia continent

Urdu is the correct answer.

urdu and English is the ans

Pakistan and Bangladesh were parts of India before 1947

islambad is correct answer

Plains are found in my state. Plains are generally very fertile. Hence, people can easily engage themselves in farming activities and get high produce. As the land is plain and level, construction of transport network is very easy. Construction of houses is also carried on large scale. Thus, plains provide all facilities for human habitation. Perhaps therefore, thick population is found here.

Iron and steel industries have been concerned with emissions from their furnaces and cupolas since the industry ... This is an example of green engineering.

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Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the fourmajor typesoflandforms. Minorlandformsinclude buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins.

life is full with sorrow and happinesswe may commit mistakesomeday we have to confess it as welland we should confess it otherwise it will be painful for us as we will be feeling guilty for that so that time we need courage

examplesGerman Lutheran Pastor who was consistently outspoken in his criticism of Nazism in Germany. Preferring to stay in the country of his birth, he was eventually arrested and executed in Flossian concentration camp.2)(1901 – 1948) During WW2 Pilecki joined the underground Polish resistance. In 1943, he volunteered to smuggle himself into Auschwitz concentration camp so he could report on the holocaust to the allies. He then escaped Auschwitz and took part in the Warsaw uprising of 1944. In 1948, he was executed by the Stalinist secret police for retaining loyalty to the non-Communist Polish government.

Helen Keller(1880-1968) – Overcame the dual disability of deaf-blindness to champion the deaf and helped improve societies treatment of deaf people.

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(a) Integrated Steel Plants These are large in size and handle everything under one roof. From sorting of raw material to the manufacturing of steel, everything is done in a chain in integrated steel plants. At present, there are ten major integrated steel plants in India.

(b) Mini Steel Plants These are smaller in size as compared to integrated steel plants. These usually have an electric arc furnace and use steel scrap and sponge iron as a raw material. At present, there are more than 200 mini steel plants in India.

(c) Problem Faced by Industry Poor infrastructure. Low efficiency of the workforce. Shortage of the availability of coking coal. Lack of energy supply.

(d) Recent Developments In recent years, the Policy of Liberalization and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) have provided a boost to the iron and steel industry. Rapid infrastructure development has led to the growth of demand of iron and steel. India is now capable of producing steel more competitively.

Even though prices and demand were falling, production increased.Explanation:The Great Depression was the inadequate economic downturn in the antiquity of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It started after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a depression and washed out millions of investors.

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Biodiversityrefers to thevarietyandvariabilityoflife on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at thegenetic,species, andecosystemlevel.[1]Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near theequator,[2]which is the result of the warmclimateand highprimary productivity.[3]Biodiversity is not distributed evenly onEarth, and is richest in the tropics. These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 percent of earth's surface, and contain about 90 percent of the world's species.[4]Marine biodiversityis usually highest along coasts in the WesternPacific, wheresea surface temperatureis highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There arelatitudinal gradients in species diversity.[5]Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots,[6]and has been increasing through time,[7][8]but will be likely to slow in the future.[9]

(i) 1.biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources including Terrestrial Marine and other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological complexes of which they are part this includes diversity within species between species and of ecosystem .2. biodiversity is important for the human life because if biodiversity loose and Ecosystem change can increase the risk of emergency or spread of infectious diseases in animals plants and humans including economic important livestock diseases outbreak and global pandemics

Thechallenge of deepening of democracyis faced by alldemocraticstates. The countering of thischallengeinvolves strengthening of institutions and practices ofdemocracyin the country. It means strengthening of those institutions that help people's participation and control.

Global warming is largest threat to humanity as due to global warming, natural calamities are increasing like floods which lead to loss of life. Global warming also results in melting of glaciers and snow.

Democracy is based on consultation and discussion. A democratic decision always involves many persons, discussions and meetings. Those who are not powerful have the same say in taking the decisions as those who are powerful. When many people put their heads together they are able to pointout possible mistakes or drawbacks in decisions. It takes time but important decisions should be taken after proper discussion. This process may be time consuming but it reduces the chances of rash or irresponsible decisions. Thus the lengthy process of taking decisions on any important issue in democracy improves the quality of the decision.

Poverty, illiteracy, unemployment are stillinexistence most partsof India.

Caste and gender discrimination continues to prevailin IndianSociety, slackening advancement and development.

Rampant corruption, red tapism, delaysinpublic justice are weakening the foundationof Democracy.

These challenges may include: social and economic inequalities,povertyandunemployment,Illiteracyand ignorance, casteism,communalism, population explosion, regionalism,corruptionand terrorism, etc. India needs to develop new proposals to reform democracy.

Explain any five challenges faced by the Indian democracy.

Poverty, illiteracy, unemployment are still in existence most parts of India.

Caste andgender discriminationcontinues to prevail in Indian Society, slackening advancement anddevelopment.

Rampantcorruption, red tapism, delays in public justice are weakening the foundation of Democracy.

The Purpose of Education in a Democratic Society. The purpose of education in a democratic society is to instill the values of cooperation, fairness and justiceEducation is the soul of democracy, for it is education that promoted democratic ideas and values.

Ans :- Panchayati Rajplays animportantrole in Indian democracy. The termPanchayati Rajis a system in which grampanchayats are basic units of administration. It has been established in all the states ofIndia by the acts of the state legislature to build democracyat grass-root level.

Communalism means that people of the same religion have common cultural, economic, political and social interests. Thus religion based communities form asthe primary unit of a society. According to communal ideology, people of different religions have divergent interests and this can prove to be antagonistic. This often leads to communal tension. Moreover, in democracies, the political parties exploit the communal ideas and foster them to secure their selfish interests.There are many different forms of communalism and they are threat to Indian democracy ;-1. The common form of communailism is practised on everyday customarily beliefs. It can be in the form of religious prejudice, stereotypes of religious communities, supremacy of one religion over the other religion, as seen in our country. These beliefs are so common that we often fail to detect even when we believe in it.2. It leads to asearch for political dominance ofreligious community over others. It takes the form of majoritarian dominance for majority community, over minority community. It can take form of a desire to form a separate political unit.3. The most frequent form of communalism is political enlistment on the religious guidelines. It involves the usage of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and creating fear in order to accumulate followers of one religious community in the political arena. It is materialized to gain advantage in electoral politics and it is very common in India. It often takes the form of communal violence, riots and massacre in our country. Our country has suffered many communal riots since its independence.

To regulate all the rules and laws in practical life.

To make some strict laws for criminals and who break the laws.

The term 'Challenges to Democracy' means the difficulties which democracy has to overcome in order to flourish more and more . And , once it has overcome them, then it will prosper more than any other form of government.