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1.	What is a statistical enquiry? Explain.
Answer» The term enquiry means search for information or knowledge. Statistical enquiry implies search of knowledge with the help of statistical methods such as collection of data, analysis etc. Whenever a statistical enquiry is conducted, it is necessary to collect numerical data.

2.	Explain the steps taken in the collection of data.
Answer» Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data:The first step is to identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data and to decide what next steps to take. To do this, it may be helpful to conduct an internal and external assessment to understand what is happening inside and outside of your organization. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals:The focus of Step 2 is choosing a priority issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) for collecting data, and then setting goals and objectives. Step 3: Plan an approach and methodsIn Step 3, organizations will make decisions about who will be surveyed, how data will be collected, the sources of data that will be used, and the duration of the data collection project, among other questions. These decisions may be made in consultation with an expert. The methods and approaches will flow from the goals set in Step 2, and will vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including the organization’s context, size, resources, and the purpose and complexity of the issue(s) or opportunity(ies) selected. Step 4: Collect dataWhen planning on how best to collect data in Step 4, it is important to be aware of the practical considerations and best practices for addressing logistical challenges organizations often face at this stage of the process. Step 5: Analyze and interpret dataStep 5 involves analyzing and interpreting the data collected. Whether quantitative and/or qualitative methods of gathering data are used, the analysis can be complex, or less so, depending on the methods used and the amount of data collected. Step 6: Act on resultsOnce an organization has analyzed and interpreted the results of the data collected, it may decide to act on the data, collect more of the same type of data or modify its approach.

3.	Explain four reasons for preferring primary data.
Answer» 1) Accuracy :Primary data is more accurate because it is directly collected from the population. 2) Update information :By using primary data researcher may get the latest and up-to-date information about the product and services and also its environment. 3) Unbiased data:Primary data collected and processing by researcher. Therefore, the information might be unbiased.4) Primary data are collected by doing original research and not through secondary sources that may subject to some errors or discrepancies and may even contain out-dated information. Secondary data are less reliable than primary data.

4.	Explain four purposes for which statistics are required
Answer» 1. Statistics in planning : Modern age is the age of planning every objective plan depends upon the correct and sound statistical data. Planning is the pre-determined sets of program and policies, which is formulated in order to meet the targeted objectives,. To formulate the plan and details study of the existing situation is needed which is possible only thorough the statistical tools. 2. Statistics in Economics : Statistics is very essential to develop and prove the principles and laws of economics. It has great importance to understand the economics problems like production, consumption, distribution etc. as they can be solved by using statistical data. 3. Statistics in business : For the smooth operation of the business, statistical information is very useful. It simplifies the complex situation of business. It helps to study about the situation of market demand, supply, price etc. Without a very careful study of market it is difficult to success in business. Therefore the statistics is very essential in business sector also.

5.	State briefly the steps taken in collection of data.
Answer» Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods. Step 4: Collect data. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data. Step 6: Act on results.

6.	Explain the distinction between the census and sample methods of collections of data.
Answer» The sampling is defined as the subset of the population selected to represent the entire group, in all its characteristics. In contrast, sampling is also known as a partial enumeration survey method. In the census, each and every unit of population is researched.

7.	Distinguish between the census and sample methods of collection of data.
Answer» The sampling is defined as the subset of the population selected to represent the entire group, in all its characteristics. The census is alternately known as a complete enumeration survey method. In contrast, sampling is also known as a partial enumeration survey method.

8.	Explain the main advantages of personal interview.
Answer» ➨Technical skills can be judged with in-depth information. ➨It is easy to use visual aids and black/white board for discussion. ➨It overcomes language barriers (if any). ➨It avoids any interference due to poor communication lines such as telephone set or its cellular network or surroundings. Hence better cooperation can be established during evaluation process. ➨With face to face discussion, even illiterate or less technology versed people can also be interviewed. ➨It increases rapport between interviewer and interviewee. ➨It can speed up the hiring process as candidate is available for interview by different categories of the people (technical group, hiring manager, HR) at one place.

9.	One of the following is the characteristic of mail questionaire:A. higher costB. Wider reachC. Large response rateD. None of the above.
Answer» Correct Answer - B B.

10.	Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of data.
Answer» Secondary data is the already existing data, collected by the investigator agencies and organisations earlier. Primary data is a real-time data whereas secondary data is one which relates to the past. Primary data collection sources include surveys, observations, experiments, questionnaire, personal interview, etc.

11.	Explain the distinction between primary and secodnary sources of data.
Answer» Primary data is a real-time data whereas secondary data is one which relates to the past. Primary data is collected for addressing the problem at hand while secondary data is collected for purposes other than the problem at hand.

12.	What is secondary source of data? Give two examples of secondary source in India.
Answer» Secondary data refers to data which is collected by someone who is someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, information collected by government departments, organizational records and data that was originally collected for other research purposes.Examples- Bibliographies,Biographical works.

13.	Explain any two reasons for preferring the primary sources of data.
Answer» 1)Develop critical thinking skills :Using primary source require you to be both critical and analytical as you read and examine documents and objects. 2) To acquire empathy for the human condition and deeper understanding:Primary sources bring you into contact with the firsthand accounts of events. They help you relate in a personal way to events of the past and promote a deeper understanding of history as a series of human events.

14.	Primary source of data is preferred to secondary source becauseA. It explains definitionsB. It explains methodologyC. It gives more detailsD. All of the above.
Answer» Correct Answer - D D

15.	Census of India:A. Publishes only primary dataB. Publishes both primary and secondary dataC. Publishes only secondary dataD. Does not publish any data
Answer» Correct Answer - A A. Census of India Publishes only primary data.

16.	A statistical enquiry is limited to:A. Only collection of dataB. Only presentation of dataC. Only analysis of dataD. All the above.
Answer» Correct Answer - D D